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本书主要介绍了低温环境下岩石细观结构及损伤力学特性的研究成果。以寒区岩石工程和人工冻结岩石工程为背景，以CT扫描实验为研究基础，采用CT图像处理技术、损伤理论分析和数值计算相结合的方法，重点从冻结温度、细观结构特征等方面研究了岩石细观损伤扩展规律，对工程常见的砂岩、页岩在冻结作用下热物理力学特性、水冰含量、温度分布规律及损伤扩展机理等方面进行了探讨。

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目录

目录
前言
第1章绪论1
参考文献6
第2章岩石损伤力学基础8
2.1损伤及其分类8
2.2损伤力学研究内容及方法9
2.3连续介质损伤力学基本理论12
2.3.1连续介质损伤力学的热力学基础12
2.3.2等效性假说15
2.3.3损伤变量与热力学状态变量18
2.3.4损伤的测量20
2.4损伤演化方程和损伤本构关系21
2.5岩石类材料损伤本构模型22
2.6岩石损伤理论研究现状26
2.6.1常温下岩石损伤理论研究现状26
2.6.2低温下岩石损伤力学研究现状29
参考文献32
第3章岩石细观结构损伤38
3.1岩石细观损伤研究概述38
3.2岩石损伤演化的细观特征43
3.2.1细观损伤演化与细观主裂纹的形成方式43
3.2.2初始损伤对岩石细观损伤演化的影响44
3.2.3岩石的细观主裂纹与分支裂纹特征45
3.3岩石初始细观损伤的形式及特点46
3.3.1岩石初始细观损伤的主要形式46
3.3.2典型岩石初始细观损伤的特点47
3.4岩石时效损伤的细观特征47
3.4.1反复加载条件下岩石的细观损伤特征47
3.4.2蠕变条件下岩石细观损伤48
3.5不同组构岩石细观损伤形成机制48
3.5.1胶结结构岩石破裂形成机制48
3.5.2结晶联结岩石的破裂形成机制49
3.6岩石的细观损伤破坏机理49
3.6.1岩石加载变形过程中各阶段的细观损伤特征49
3.6.2细观贯通性主裂纹的形成与岩石破坏50
3.6.3岩石破坏的剪切机理51
3.6.4岩石的细观损伤破坏机理52
3.7岩石细观损伤破坏分析理论53
参考文献56
第4章数字图像处理理论与技术60
4.1数字图像处理技术在岩土工程中的应用概况60
4.1.1基于数字图像的岩土体力学性质分析60
4.1.2基于数字图像的室内试验测量63
4.1.3基于数字图像的现场勘察及地质信息分析65
4.1.4岩体结构数字识别68
4.1.5隧道掌子面地质分析69
4.2数字图像处理基础71
4.2.1图像与数字图像71
4.2.2图像的灰度值72
4.2.3灰度直方图72
4.3数字图像处理的目的和内容73
4.4数字图像处理的方法74
4.5常用数字图像处理技术及原理76
4.5.1图像增强技术76
4.5.2边缘检测技术87
4.5.3图像分割技术89
4.5.4图像三维重建技术96
参考文献97
第5章岩石细观损伤结构的CT识别100
5.1岩石细观结构损伤的检测方法100
5.1.1结构分析法100
5.1.2性能测试法102
5.2岩石细观损伤力学问题的CT识别105
5.2.1岩石常规加载试验的CT损伤检测106
5.2.2环境因素条件下岩石细观损伤检测109
5.2.3CT试验结果分析方法及应用现状110
5.3CT扫描技术原理111
5.3.1CT扫描技术的物理原理111
5.3.2CT扫描技术的数学原理112
5.3.3CT图像的形成及特征113
5.3.4CT图像数据的基本公式114
5.3.5CT技术术语的物理解释116
5.3.6CT试验在岩石损伤中的应用范围118
5.3.7岩石细观损伤CT数与岩石损伤密度119
5.4岩土力学CT试验过程122
5.4.1岩土力学CT试验试样123
5.4.2岩土力学CT试验过程与方法124
5.5岩石CT试验分析方法127
5.5.1CT试验结果分析流程127
5.5.2岩石CT图像的信息提取127
5.5.3直观的CT图像分析法128
5.5.4CT数分析方法129
5.5.5统计频率分析方法130
5.5.6图像运算处理法130
5.5.7CT图像三维重采样方法131
参考文献132
第6章常温压缩荷载作用下岩石损伤力学试验研究138
6.1页岩加载过程的CT试验138
6.2基于图像增强技术的损伤分析141
6.2.1伪彩色增强141
6.2.2灰度变换增强144
6.2.3图像锐化151
6.3加载过程中页岩细观结构的获取154
6.3.1阈值分割法154
6.3.2边缘检测法156
6.3.3压缩荷载下岩石细观结构的损伤分析161
参考文献162
第7章低温冻结岩石细观结构的CT识别164
7.1低温冻结作用对岩石细观结构损伤的影响分析164
7.1.1低温冻结作用对孔隙岩石的影响164
7.1.2低温冻结作用对裂隙岩石的影响165
7.2低温饱和冻结岩石CT扫描试验166
7.2.1试验条件及扫描过程166
7.2.2CT扫描试验结果及分析170
7.2.3冻结岩石CT图像的特征分析176
7.3低温冻结作用对岩石细观结构的损伤分析178
7.3.1基于伪彩色增强技术的分析178
7.3.2基于CT数直方图技术的分析187
7.3.3基于三值化分割技术的分析192
7.3.4基于边缘检测技术的分析200
参考文献205
第8章冻结过程中岩石细观结构及水冰含量分析207
8.1体视学原理207
8.1.1体视学概况207
8.1.2体视学基本构成关系208
8.1.3冻结岩石细观结构参数计算公式211
8.2基于体视学原理的冻结过程岩石细观结构参数定量计算213
8.2.1冻结岩石细观结构参数随温度变化情况描述213
8.2.2冻结岩石细观结构参数统计及分析217
8.3冻结过程岩石内水冰含量理论表达及验证221
8.3.1未冻水含量与温度关系的热力学理论221
8.3.2水冰含量与温度关系的理论公式223
8.3.3基于CT扫描试验结果的水冰含量理论分析验证224
8.3.4冻结岩石内冰膨胀力与温度关系理论表达式225
参考文献227
第9章温度-荷载联合作用下岩石宏-细观损伤力学特性229
9.1岩石细观力学理论基础229
9.2荷载作用下冻结岩石宏-细观损伤本构模型建立233
9.2.1基于细观力学的冻结岩石等效弹性模量233
9.2.2单轴压缩荷载作用下冻结岩石损伤本构关系239
9.2.3荷载作用下冻结岩石宏-细观损伤本构模型的建立242
9.3模型验证243
9.3.1荷载作用下冻结岩石损伤变量特性分析243
9.3.2荷载作用下冻结岩石损伤本构模型验证245
参考文献245
第10章基于数字图像数值分析方法(DIP-FEM)的冻结岩石损伤特性247
10.1数字图像数值分析法(DIP-FEM)247
10.2冻融页岩温度场分布规律及损伤特性的DIP-FEM分析249
10.2.1页岩二维细观结构图形几何矢量化249
10.2.2基于DIP-FEM方法的冻融页岩温度场分布规律探讨251
10.3冻结过程中岩石损伤力学特性的DIP-FEM分析261
10.3.1冻结岩石CT图像的三维重建261
10.3.2冻结过程中岩石损伤力学特性数值试验265
10.3.3冻结过程中岩石温度场分布规律及损伤特性分析267
10.3.4冻结岩石冰膨胀力及受荷峰值强度随温度演化规律数
值分析272
参考文献275
图版
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
References 6
Chapter 2 Introduction of damage mechanics 8
2.1 Damage and classifications 8
2.2 Research contents and methods of damage mechanics 9
2.3 Basic theory of continuum damage mechanics 12
2.3.1 Thermodynamic basis of continuum damage mechanics 12
2.3.2 Equivalence hypothesis 15
2.3.3 Thermodynamic state variables and damage variables 18
2.3.4 Measurement of damage 20
2.4 Damage evolution equations and damage constitutive laws 21
2.5 Damage constitutive models of rock-like material 22
2.6 Research status of rock damage theories 26
2.6.1 Rock damage mechanics at room temperature 26
2.6.2 Rock damage mechanics at subzero temperature 29
References 32
Chapter 3 Meso-structural damage of rock 38
3.1 Summary of research on meso-damage of rock 38
3.2 Meso-characteristics of rock damage evolution 43
3.2.1 Meso-damage evolution and the formation mode of meso-cracks 43
3.2.2 Influence of initial damage on meso-damage evolution of rock 44
3.2.3 Characteristics of the main cracks and branch cracks 45
3.3 Forms and characteristics of rock initial damage 46
3.3.1 Main forms of initial meso-damage of rock 46
3.3.2 Characteristics of typical initial damage in rock 47
3.4 Meso-characteristics of time-dependent damage of rock 47
3.4.1 Meso-damage characteristics of rock under cyclic loading 47
3.4.2 Meso-damage of rock under creep conditions 48
3.5 Mechanisms of meso-damage in rocks with different fabrics 48
3.5.1 Fracture mechanisms of rock with cementation structure 48
3.5.2 Fracture mechanisms of rock with crystalline-boned structure 49
3.6 Meso-damage and failure mechanism of rock 49
3.6.1 Meso-damage characteristics of rock at different loading stages 49
3.6.2 Formation of the main crack and failure of the rock 50
3.6.3 Shear mechanism of rock failure 51
3.6.4 Meso-damage and failure mechanism of rock 52
3.7 Analysis theories of meso-damage and failure in rock 53
References 56
Chapter 4 Theory and technology of digital image processing 60
4.1 Application of digital image processing technology in geotechnical engineering 60
4.1.1 Analysis of mechanical properties of rock and soil based on digital image processing 60
4.1.2 Indoor measurement based on digital image technology 63
4.1.3 Field investigation and geological information analysis based on digital image technology 65
4.1.4 Digital identification of rock mass structure 68
4.1.5 Geological analysis of tunnel faces 69
4.2 Preliminary theories of digital image processing 71
4.2.1 Image and digital image 71
4.2.2 Gray value of images 72
4.2.3 Gray histogram of images 72
4.3 Contents and aims of digital image processing contents 73
4.4 Methods of digital image processing 74
4.5 Common digital image processing technology and principles 76
4.5.1 Image enhancement technology 76
4.5.2 Edge detection technology 87
4.5.3 Image segmentation technology 89
4.5.4 Three dimensional reconstruction technology 96
References 97
Chapter 5 Identification of rock meso-damage structure based on CT technology 100
5.1 Detection method of rock meso-structure and damage 100
5.1.1 Structure analysis method 100
5.1.2 Performance testing method 102
5.2 CT identification of mechanical problems of rock meso-damage 105
5.2.1 CT detection of rock damage under conventional loading 106
5.2.2 Detection of rock meso-damage affect by the environmental factors 109
5.2.3 Analytical method and present status of CT test results 110
5.3 Principle of CT scanning technology 111
5.3.1 Physical principles of CT scanning technology 111
5.3.2 Mathematical principle of CT scanning technology 112
5.3.3 Formation and features of CT images 113
5.3.4 The basic formulas of CT image data 114
5.3.5 Physical interpretation of technical terms in CT 116
5.3.6 Application range of CT technology in rock and soil damage testing 118
5.3.7 CT values of rock meso-damage and rock damage density 119
5.4 CT test process of rock and soil mechanics 122
5.4.1 CT test sample for rock and soil mechanics 123
5.4.2 Procedure and method for CT test in rock and soil mechanics 124
5.5 Analysis method of CT scanning in rock 127
5.5.1 Analytical process of CT test results 127
5.5.2 Information extraction from CT image of rock 127
5.5.3 Intuitive CT image analysis method 128
5.5.4 Analytical method based on CT value 129
5.5.5 Analytical method based on statistical frequency 130
5.5.6 Analytical method based on CT image processing 130
5.5.7 Three dimensional reconstruction method of CT image 131
References 132
Chapter 6 Experimental study on rock damage mechanics under compression load at normal temperature 138
6.1 CT test during shale loading process 138
6.2 Damage analysis based on image enhancement technology 141
6.2.1 Pseudo-color enhancement 141
6.2.2 Enhancement of gray level transformation 144
6.2.3 Image sharpening 151
6.3 Acquisition of me 基于CT图像处理的冻结岩石细观结构及损伤力学特性 [Microstructure and Damage Mechanical Characteristics of Frozen Rock Based 电子书 下载 mobi epub pdf txt

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