具體描述
內容簡介
One hundred years ago, Zhang Zhidong tried to advocate Chinese learning by saying: “The course of a nation, be it bright or gloomy, the pool of talents, be it large or small, are about governance on the surface, and about learning at the root. “ At that time, the imperialist powers cast menacing eyes on our country, and the domestic situation was deteriorating.The quick infiltration of Western learning made the long-standing Chinese tradition come under heavy challenge. In those days, Chinese learning and Western learning stood side by side. Literature, history and philosophy split up, while many new branches of learning such as economics, politics and sociology were flourishing, which made many Chinese dazed.However, there appeared a vital and vigorous learning climate out of the confusing situation. It was at this critical moment that modern Chinese scholarship made the transition-by exchanging views, basing on profound contemplation and even with confrontation of idea and clash of views, the scholarship made continuous progress, bringing up a large number of persons of academic distinction and creating numerous innovative works. Changes in scholarship and in general modes of thinking made transition in all aspects of the society possible, thus laying a solid foundation for revitalizing China. 目錄
THE POST-WAR INDUSTRIALIZATION OF CHINA
INDUSTRIAL CAPITAL IN CHINA 精彩書摘
The third basic system in the southwest network is the Yunnan-Indo-China Railway, which suspended operations when the Japa-nese occupied French Indo-China in the-summer of 1940. This Railway, however, had proved its usefulness to wartime China between the fall of Canton and the Japanese occupation of French Indo-China, for a period of two years. Formallyt inaugurated in 1910, it runs 469 kilometres southward from Kunming to the border town of Hokow and then veers southeastward to Hanoi and Haiphong, the port aty. Traversing some of the largest mountains in southern Yunnan, it crosses 47 bridges over 20 meters long and passes through 147 tunnels, totalling 15 kilometres in length. Nearly 45,000 Chinese laborers from Kwangsi, Kwangtung,Tientsin, Foochow, and Ningpo, parricipated in the construction work, under conditions of unbelievable hardslup.
The fourth basic system in the southwest network consists of the completed section of 530 kilometres of the Hunan-Kwangsi Railway from Hengyang on the Canton-Hankow Railway to Kweilin and Liuchow in Kwangsi province, thence by highway to Chennankwan on the French Indo-China border via Nanning. From Liuchow where the Railway ends a highway goes north-westward to Kweiyang, thence northward to Chungking, Lhus linking together the four provinces of Hunan, Kwangsi, Kweichow and Szechuen. It was along this route, which is reputedly in better condition and less dangerous than the route through Kunming to Kweiyang, that most of the goods from the outside world were transported to Chungking before the Japanese occupation of French Indo-China.
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中華現代學術名著叢書(英文本)· 戰後中國之工業化:中國之工業資本 導言: 《中華現代學術名著叢書(英文本)》旨在嚮全球讀者係統介紹二十世紀中國思想與學術的精華。本冊所選的《戰後中國之工業化:中國之工業資本》是研究現代中國經濟史、工業發展和社會變遷的奠基之作。本書以其嚴謹的實證研究和深刻的理論洞察,為理解戰後中國經濟的重建與工業資本的演變提供瞭無可替代的視角。 核心議題與內容概述: 本書聚焦於第二次世界大戰結束後至新中國成立前夕這一關鍵的曆史時期(1945-1949年),深入剖析瞭中國工業體係的脆弱性、重組的睏境以及工業資本的復雜運作。作者並未將工業化視為一個綫性的、技術性的進步過程,而是將其置於戰亂頻仍、政治動蕩的宏大曆史背景之下進行審視。 一、 戰後工業的重建與結構性睏境 戰後初期,中國民族工業錶麵上迎來“黃金時期”,但這種繁榮是建立在脆弱的基礎之上的。本書詳盡考察瞭戰爭對中國主要工業基地——尤其是東北、上海、天津等地的破壞程度與恢復狀況。作者通過對具體行業(如紡織、鋼鐵、機械製造)的案例分析,揭示瞭以下結構性問題: 1. 設備老化與技術瓶頸: 大量現代化設備在戰爭中損毀或被掠奪,剩餘設備的技術水平低下,難以滿足戰後快速增長的市場需求。本書細緻梳理瞭戰後進口設備與本土技術能力之間的巨大鴻溝。 2. 原材料與能源的製約: 煤炭、電力、鋼鐵等基礎工業的恢復緩慢,直接製約瞭下遊輕工業和重工業的生産能力。作者利用區域經濟數據,描繪瞭能源供應在空間分配上的嚴重不平衡。 3. 官僚資本的侵蝕與退齣: 抗戰勝利後,國民政府接收瞭大量日僞資産,形成瞭龐大的官僚資本體係。本書深入分析瞭官僚資本在戰後對市場秩序的扭麯作用,包括壟斷、投機以及隨後的通貨膨脹壓力下其資本的快速蒸發過程。 二、 工業資本的性質與流嚮 本書的核心貢獻在於對“中國之工業資本”進行瞭細緻的類型劃分和動態追蹤。作者認為,戰後中國的工業資本並非鐵闆一塊,而是呈現齣多元化、衝突性的復雜形態: 1. 民族資本的掙紮與升級: 考察瞭以麵粉、紡織等為主的民族工業在麵對內外雙重擠壓時的生存策略。這部分資本試圖通過技術改造和擴大再生産來鞏固地位,但高昂的融資成本和政治不確定性使其升級步伐受阻。 2. 外資的迴歸與滲透: 戰後,英美等國資本試圖重返中國市場。本書分析瞭外資在特定高價值行業(如橡膠、化工、金融服務)的投資模式,並探討瞭這種外來資本對本土工業競爭力的影響。 3. 私人資本的投機性特徵: 在惡性通貨膨脹背景下,大量私人資本並未投入長期、高風險的生産性投資,而是轉嚮瞭囤積物資、外匯交易等投機領域。本書提供瞭量化的證據,說明這種資本的“非生産性傾嚮”如何加劇瞭經濟的非理性繁榮和隨後的崩潰。 三、 金融環境與工業投資的惡性循環 本書特彆強調瞭戰後中國惡化的金融環境對工業資本運作的決定性影響。國民政府為彌補財政赤字而進行的超發貨幣政策,直接摧毀瞭工業投資的穩定性。 1. 通貨膨脹的“剪刀差”效應: 作者清晰闡述瞭物價指數與生産成本指數之間的失衡,如何使得依賴長期貸款的實業傢遭受巨額損失,而依賴短期信貸和投機的商人反而獲利。 2. 信貸體係的結構性失靈: 盡管有中央銀行,但信貸資源往往優先流嚮官僚背景的機構或短期投機活動,真正需要資金進行設備更新和擴大生産的民族工業部門卻飽受資金短缺的睏擾。 四、 區域工業格局的變遷 通過對不同地理區域工業發展的對比研究,本書揭示瞭戰後中國工業地理格局的重塑過程: 東北的特殊地位: 戰後初期,東北作為重工業基地,其命運深受中蘇關係和政治博弈的影響。本書分析瞭東北重工業在不同政治力量控製下的資源調配和生産停滯狀態。 沿海城市的衰退與內陸的有限承接: 沿海傳統工業中心因物資和政治風險加劇而衰退,部分內遷的工業試圖在西南和西北地區建立新的基地,但受限於基礎設施和市場規模,其承載能力有限。 結論與曆史意義: 《戰後中國之工業化:中國之工業資本》不僅是對特定曆史階段經濟史的精確描摹,更是對理解現代中國工業化睏境的經典文獻。它揭示瞭在缺乏穩定政治環境和健全金融體係的條件下,工業資本積纍的內在矛盾性。本書的研究方法,結閤瞭經濟統計、行業報告與企業個案,為後續研究奠定瞭堅實的實證基礎,是理解中國現代經濟轉型中“資本與國傢權力”關係的重要文本。其結論至今仍對探討發展中國傢的工業化路徑提供深刻的鏡鑒意義。