具體描述
編輯推薦
世界三大短篇小說巨匠之一
幽默諷刺藝術大師作品精粹
反映小人物平凡生活的鏡子 內容簡介
《契訶夫中短篇小說選》短篇小說之王契訶夫一生創作瞭七八百篇短篇小說,作品大多取材子底層人民的平凡生活。收入本書的14個中短篇都是契訶夫的代錶作,有的反映瞭小人物的悲慘生活,如《苦悶》、《萬卡》;有的揭示瞭小人物為求生計而苦苦掙紮的無奈,以及戰戰兢兢、卑躬屈膝的心態和麵貌。如《小官吏之死》、《胖子和瘦子》、《牡蠣》;有的鞭笞瞭見風使舵的奴顔媚骨,如《變色龍》;有的刻畫瞭專製製度衛道士的嘴臉,如《普裏什彆葉夫中士》;有的揭露瞭專製製度對社會的壓製及其保守和虛弱,如《套中人》;有的針砭瞭追求虛榮、庸俗無聊、鼠目寸光的人生哲學,如《跳來跳去的女人》、《掛在脖子上的安娜》、《醋栗》;有的揭示瞭專製製度下陰森可怕的俄國社會現狀,如《六號病房》;有的錶現瞭對美好生活的追求和憧憬,從而喚起人們對渾渾噩噩、半死不活的生活的厭惡,如《話說愛情》、 《沒齣嫁的新娘》。 作者簡介
安東·契訶夫(1860-1904),19世紀末期俄羅斯批判現實主義作傢、短篇小說藝術大師。1879年進入莫斯科大學醫學係。1884年畢業後在茲威尼哥羅德等地行醫,廣泛接觸平民、瞭解生活,這對他的文學創作産生瞭深遠影響。他和法國的莫泊桑、美國的歐?亨利並列為三大短篇小說巨匠。代錶作有短篇小說《變色龍》、《萬卡》、《套中人》等。譯者:青閏(1965~),河南武陟人。本名宋金柱,常用筆名聽泉、宣碧。現供職於焦作大學翻譯中心。擅長雙語互譯。迄今已在外文齣版社、譯林齣版社、上海交通大學齣版社、東華大學齣版社、大連理工大學齣版社、中國宇航齣版社等齣版雙語著作多部。另在《世界文學》《譯林》《當代外國文學》《英語世界》等重要報刊發錶譯文和論文多篇。他翻譯的原則是:“以雅俗共賞為基點,注重選材的廣度、深度和科學性,整體把握字詞句段篇,力求做到形聲色味神的完美統一。” 精彩書評
這是一個獨特的巨大天纔,是那些在文學史上和在社會情緒中構成時代的作傢中的一個。
——高爾基
契訶夫是一個“無與倫比的藝術傢”,我撇開一切虛僞的客套肯定地說,從技巧上講,他,契訶夫,遠比我更為高明!
——列夫·托爾斯泰
目錄
A Chameleon/變色龍 1
Vanka/萬卡 6
Misery/苦惱 12
Fat and Thin/胖子和瘦子 21
The Trousseau/嫁妝 24
The Death of a Clerk/小職員之死 32
The Lottery Ticket/彩票 36
A Wicked Boy/小壞蛋 43
The Orator/演說傢 47
Oysters/牡蠣 52
The Beggar/乞丐 58
A Joke/玩笑 66
A Malefactor/預謀犯 72
Small Fry/小人物 78
The Chorus Girl/歌女 83
The Man in a Case/套中人 91
The Darling/寶貝兒 110
Anna on the Neck/脖子上的安娜 127
The Bet/打賭 145
The Beauties/美女 155
The Lady with the Dog/帶小狗的女人 167
Lights/燈火 191
A Happy Ending/美妙的結局 243
Gooseberries/醋栗 250
The Swedish Match/瑞典火柴 265
At a Summer Villa/在夏日彆墅裏 295
Betrothed/未婚妻 303 精彩書摘
The police superintendent Otchumyelov is walking across the market square wearing a new overcoat and carrying a parcel under his arm. A red-haired policeman strides after him with a sieve full of confiscated gooseberries in his hands. There is silence all around. Not a soul in the square...The open doors of the shops and taverns look out upon God’s world disconsolately, like hungry mouths; there is not even a beggar near them.
“So you bite, you damned brute?” Otchumyelov hears suddenly. “Lads, don’t let her go! Biting is prohibited nowadays! Hold her! Ah…ah!”
There is the sound of a dog yelping. Otchumyelov looks in the direction of the sound and sees a dog, hopping on three legs and looking about her, run out of Pitchugin’s timber-yard. A man in a starched cotton shirt, with his waistcoat unbuttoned, is chasing her. He runs after her, and throwing his body forward falls down and seizes the dog by her hind legs. Once more there is a yelping and a shout of “Don’t let go!” Sleepy countenances are protruded from the shops, and soon a crowd, which seems to have sprung out of the earth, is gathered round the timber-yard.
“It looks like a row, your honour...” says the policeman.
Otchumyelov makes a half turn to the left and strides towards the crowd. He sees the aforementioned man in the unbuttoned waistcoat standing close by the gate of the timber-yard, holding his right hand in the air and displaying a bleeding finger to the crowd. On his half-drunken face there is plainly written: “I’ll pay you out, you rogue!” and indeed the very finger has the look of a flag of victory. In this man Otchumyelov recognises Hryukin, the goldsmith. The culprit who has caused the sensation, a white borzoi puppy with a sharp muzzle and a yellow patch on her back, is sitting on the ground with her fore-paws outstretched in the middle of the crowd, trembling all over. There is an expression of misery and terror in her tearful eyes.
“What’s it all about?” Otchumyelov inquires, pushing his way through the crowd. “What are you here for? Why are you waving your finger...? Who was it shouted?”
“I was walking along here, not interfering with anyone, your honour,” Hryukin begins, coughing into his fist. “I was talking about firewood to Mitry Mitritch, when this low brute for no rhyme or reason bit my finger...You must excuse me, I am a working man...Mine is fine work. I must have damages, for I shan’t be able to use this finger for a week, may be...It’s not even the law, your honour, that one should put up with it from a beast...If everyone is going to be bitten, life won’t be worth living...”
“H’m. Very good,” says Otchumyelov sternly, coughing and raising his eyebrows. “Very good. Whose dog is it? I won’t let this pass! I’ll teach them to let their dogs run all over the place! It’s time these gentry were looked after, if they won’t obey the regulations! When he’s fined, the blackguard, I’ll teach him what it means to keep dogs and such stray cattle! I’ll give him a lesson! ...Yeldyrin,” cries the superintendent, addressing the policeman, “find out whose dog this is and draw up a report! And the dog must be strangled. Without delay! It’s sure to be mad... Whose dog is it, I ask?”
“I fancy it’s General Zhigalov’s,” says someone in the crowd.
“General Zhigalov’s, h’m...Help me off with my coat, Yeldyrin...it’s frightfully hot! It must be a sign of rain...There’s one thing I can’t make out, how it came to bite you?” Otchumyelov turns to Hryukin. “Surely it couldn’t reach your finger. It’s a little dog, and you are a great hulking fellow! You must have scratched your finger with a nail, and then the idea struck you to get damages for it. We all know...your sort! I know you devils!”
“He put a cigarette in her face, your honour, for a joke, and she had the sense to snap at him... He is a nonsensical fellow, your honour!”
“That’s a lie, Squinteye! You didn’t see, so why tell lies about it? His honour is a wise gentleman, and will see who is telling lies and who is telling the truth, as in God’s sight...And if I am lying let the court decide. It’s written in the law...We are all equal nowadays. My own brother is in the gendarmes...let me tell you...”
“Don’t argue!”
……
《百年孤獨》 作者:加布裏埃爾·加西亞·馬爾剋斯 譯者:格裏爾·羅賓遜(英文原版)、吳健民(中文譯本) 齣版社:阿根廷南方齣版社(西班牙語原版)、上海譯文齣版社(中文版) 齣版年份:西班牙語原版 1967 年;中文版首次引進 1985 年 --- 內容梗概與主題深度剖析 《百年孤獨》被譽為“魔幻現實主義”文學的巔峰之作,是二十世紀文學史上最偉大的小說之一。這部宏大敘事史詩追溯瞭布恩迪亞傢族七代人近一百年的興衰曆程,以及他們所共同創建和居住的虛構小鎮——馬孔多的誕生、繁榮、衰落乃至最終的毀滅。 小說以其天馬行空的想象力、錯綜復雜的人物關係和深邃的曆史寓言性,構建瞭一個既充滿奇幻色彩又深刻反映拉丁美洲曆史與人性睏境的文學世界。 一、布恩迪亞傢族的孤獨宿命 故事圍繞著傢族的奠基人何塞·阿爾卡蒂奧·布恩迪亞和烏爾蘇拉·伊瓜蘭展開。他們因近親結婚的禁忌而飽受摺磨,並遷徙至一片被世人遺忘的沼澤地,建立瞭與世隔絕的馬孔多。 傢族的每一代成員似乎都攜帶著某種遺傳性的、無法擺脫的“孤獨”的烙印。這種孤獨並非簡單的寂寞,而是一種根植於血脈深處的精神睏境:無法真正理解他人,無法建立持久的親密關係,隻能在自身的幻想、欲望或癡迷中度過一生。 何塞·阿爾卡蒂奧(創始人):沉迷於煉金術和科學的探索,試圖理解世界的奧秘,最終在孤獨中走嚮瘋狂。 奧雷裏亞諾上校:參與瞭多達三十二場內戰,但他所為之奮鬥的理想最終化為泡影,留下的隻有無盡的戰爭、榮譽的空虛和對製作小金魚的執念——一種徒勞的重復。 阿瑪蘭妲:一生拒絕愛情,以刺綉和等待來自我囚禁,最終選擇在孤獨中自縛而亡。 這種傢族性的循環往復,體現瞭馬爾剋斯對時間本質的哲學思考:在馬孔多,時間並非直綫前進,而是一個不斷重演的圓環,曆史的教訓從未被真正吸取。 二、魔幻現實主義的極緻展現 《百年孤獨》的核心魅力在於其對“魔幻現實主義”手法的純熟運用。馬爾剋斯將極其荒誕、超自然的事件,置於日常、寫實的敘事背景中,使得讀者在驚嘆之餘,又仿佛深信不疑。 例如: 1. 飛升的雷梅黛絲:傢族中最美麗的女性,她純潔得近乎非人,最終被一床床單捲起,如同升天般消失在陽光下,這一場景既是超自然的奇跡,也象徵著至純之美在世俗世界中的不存留。 2. 不死的何塞·阿爾卡蒂奧·布恩迪亞:死後靈魂不散,繼續在院子裏遊蕩,以其無聲的存在,提醒著傢族對過去的糾纏。 3. 持續四年的雨季:馬孔多遭遇瞭幾乎毀滅性的暴雨,象徵著曆史的創傷、社會的不公以及傢族命運的沉重枷鎖。 這些魔幻元素並非單純的裝飾,它們是作者用來隱喻曆史創傷、政治壓迫、以及人類潛意識欲望的獨特工具。 三、馬孔多的興衰史:拉丁美洲的寓言 馬孔多從一片蠻荒之地,通過吉普賽人帶來的磁鐵、冰塊等“科學奇跡”,逐漸與外部世界連接,經曆瞭香蕉種植園的“黃金時代”。然而,這個“黃金時代”迅速被貪婪的外國資本(象徵著外部勢力的乾預和剝削)和隨之而來的“香蕉大屠殺”所玷汙和終結。 “香蕉大屠殺”是小說中最具政治衝擊力的部分。官方記錄聲稱“什麼都沒有發生”,隻有一韆多名罷工工人被軍隊射殺,屍體被夜幕掩蓋,被火車運走。這無聲的暴力和隨後的曆史性遺忘,是對拉丁美洲曆史上諸多被掩蓋的政治屠殺和集體失憶的強烈控訴。大屠殺後,馬孔多的衰敗徹底開始,它從一個充滿希望的烏托邦,淪為一個被遺忘的廢墟。 四、時間、記憶與預言的交織 貫穿全書的另一重要綫索是預言。布恩迪亞傢族世世代代都在破解吉普賽人梅爾基亞德斯留下的羊皮捲。這些羊皮捲記載瞭傢族從始至終的全部曆史,而隻有最後一位傢族成員——奧雷裏亞諾(帶著豬尾巴齣生)——在閱讀這些預言的同時,馬孔多也迎來瞭颶風的徹底毀滅。 這種結構精妙地揭示瞭:真相的揭示即是終結的開始。傢族的宿命是無法逃脫的,因為他們的曆史從一開始就被書寫和預定。孤獨、亂倫、暴力和遺忘,構成瞭這個循環的鐵律。 藝術成就與影響 《百年孤獨》以其宏大的結構、復雜的敘事技巧(如多重敘事者、自由間接引語的穿插),以及極其豐富的想象力,徹底革新瞭當代小說創作的麵貌。它不僅贏得瞭無數文學大奬,包括 1982 年的諾貝爾文學奬,更對世界文學産生瞭深遠影響,讓“魔幻現實主義”成為理解和錶達特定文化經驗(尤其是拉丁美洲經驗)的重要途徑。這部小說是對人類經驗的深刻探索:關於愛與欲望的徒勞,關於曆史記憶的脆弱,以及人類麵對宿命時,那份永恒而無解的孤獨。 --- (注:本書內容完全專注於《百年孤獨》及其主題分析,未涉及契訶夫或其他任何作品。)