产品特色

内容简介

本系列AP考试丛书引进自美国知名教育出版公司McGraw-Hill Education，由AP考试相关领域专家编写，是美国本土大学课堂使用教材，可以帮助考生提前适应全英学习模式。

《AP化学5分制胜》紧扣考试命题特点，以“五步”方案为学习框架，囊括与考试相关的学科要点。同时，还精选针对性练习以及全真模拟试题，配以准确答案和详尽解析，利于考生巩固所学。此外，考生还可在App Store中搜索“AP Planner”免费下载App，量身定制个性化学习日程。

内页插图

目录

STEP 1 Set Up Your Study Program

1 What You Need to Know About the AP Chemistry Exam, 3

Background of the Advanced Placement Program, 3

Who Writes the AP Chemistry Exam? 4

The AP Grades and Who Receives Them, 4

Reasons for Taking the AP Chemistry Exam, 4

Questions Frequently Asked About the AP Chemistry Exam, 5

2 How to Plan Your Time, 9

Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Chemistry Exam, 9

Calendar for Each Plan, 11

STEP 2 Determine Your Test Readiness

3 Take a Diagnostic Exam, 17

Getting Started: The Diagnostic Exam, 18

Answers and Explanations, 28

Scoring and Interpretation, 32

STEP 3 Develop Strategies for Success

4 How to Approach Each Question Type, 35

Multiple-Choice Questions, 35

Free-Response Questions, 38

STEP 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High,

5 Basics, 45

Units and Measurements, 46

Dimensional Analysis—The Factor Label Method, 47

The States of Matter, 48

The Structure of the Atom, 48

Periodic Table, 52

Oxidation Numbers, 55

Nomenclature Overview, 55

Experimental, 61

Common Mistakes to Avoid, 61

Review Questions, 62

Rapid Review, 67

6 Reactions and Periodicity, 69

AP Exam Format, 70

General Aspects of Chemical Reactions and Equations, 70

General Properties of Aqueous Solutions, 71

Precipitation Reactions, 72

Oxidation–Reduction Reactions, 73

Coordination Compounds, 77

Acid–Base Reactions, 78

Experimental, 82

Common Mistakes to Avoid, 82

Review Questions, 83

Rapid Review, 86

7 Stoichiometry, 88

Moles and Molar Mass, 89

Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas, 89

Reaction Stoichiometry, 91

Limiting Reactants, 92

Percent Yield, 93

Molarity and Solution Calculations, 94

Experimental, 95

Common Mistakes to Avoid, 95

Review Questions, 95

Rapid Review, 101

8 Gases, 102

Kinetic Molecular Theory, 103

Gas Law Relationships, 104

Experimental, 112

Common Mistakes to Avoid, 113

Review Questions, 114

Rapid Review, 118

9 Thermodynamics, 120

Calorimetry, 121

Laws of Thermodynamics, 123

Products Minus Reactants, 123

Thermodynamics and Equilibrium, 127

Experimental, 128

Common Mistakes to Avoid, 128

Review Questions, 129

Rapid Review, 133

10 Spectroscopy, Light, and Electrons, 134

The Nature of Light, 134

Wave Properties of Matter, 136

Atomic Spectra, 136

Atomic Orbitals, 137

Photoelectron (Photoemission) Spectroscopy (PES), 138

Experimental, 139

Common Mistakes to Avoid, 139

Review Questions, 139

Rapid Review, 142

11 Bonding, 144

Lewis Electron-Dot Structures, 145

Ionic and Covalent Bonding, 145

Molecular Geometry—VSEPR, 149

Valence Bond Theory, 151

Molecular Orbital Theory, 153

Resonance, 154

Bond Length, Strength, and Magnetic Properties, 155

Experimental, 155

Common Mistakes to Avoid, 155

Review Questions, 156

Rapid Review, 159

12 Solids, Liquids, and Intermolecular Forces, 162

Structures and Intermolecular Forces, 163

The Liquid State, 164

The Solid State, 165

Phase Diagrams, 167

Relationship of Intermolecular Forces to Phase Changes, 169

Experimental, 169

Common Mistakes to Avoid, 169

Review Questions, 169

Rapid Review, 172

13 Solutions and Colligative Properties, 173

Concentration Units, 174

Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes, 177

Colligative Properties, 177

Colloids, 181

Experimental, 182

Common Mistakes to Avoid, 182

Review Questions, 182

Rapid Review, 186

14 Kinetics, 188

Rates of Reaction, 189

Integrated Rate Laws, 192

Activation Energy, 193

Reaction Mechanisms, 194

Catalysts, 195

Experimental, 195

Common Mistakes to Avoid, 196

Review Questions, 197

Rapid Review, 201

15 Equilibrium, 203

Equilibrium Expressions, 205

Le Chatelier’s Principle, 206

Acid–Base Equilibrium, 207

Buffers, 215

Titration Equilibria, 216

Solubility Equilibria, 220

Other Equilibria, 222

Experimental, 222

Common Mistakes to Avoid, 223

Review Questions, 223

Rapid Review, 229

16 Electrochemistry, 231

Redox Reactions, 232

Electrochemical Cells, 232

Quantitative Aspects of Electrochemistry, 237

Nernst Equation, 239

Experimental, 240

Common Mistakes to Avoid, 240

Review Questions, 241

Rapid Review, 245

17 Nuclear Chemistry, 247

Nuclear Reactions, 247

Nuclear Stability, 249

Nuclear Decay Calculations, 250

Mass–Energy Relationships, 251

Common Mistakes to Avoid, 252

Review Questions, 252

Rapid Review, 254

18 Organic Chemistry, 255

Alkanes, 256

Structural Isomerism, 258

Common Functional Groups, 259

Macromolecules, 261

Experimental, 261

Common Mistakes to Avoid, 261

Review Questions, 262

Rapid Review, 265

19 Experimental Investigation, 266

Experiment 1: Spectroscopy, 267

Experiment 2: Spectrophotometry, 270

Experiment 3: Gravimetric Analysis, 271

Experiment 4: Titration, 272

Experiment 5: Chromatography, 273

Experiment 6: Determination of the Type of Bonding in Solid Samples, 274

Experiment 7: Stoichiometry, 275

Experiment 8: Redox Titration, 276

Experiment 9: Chemical and Physical Changes, 277

Experiment 10: Kinetics, 278

Experiment 11: Rate Laws, 279

Experiment 12: Calorimetry, 280

Experiment 13: Chemical Equilibrium—Le Chatelier’s Principle, 280

Experiment 14: Acid-Base Titrations, 281

Experiment 15: Buffer pH, 282

Experiment 16: The Capacity of a Buffer, 282

Common Mistakes to Avoid, 283

Review Questions, 283

Rapid Review, 285

STEP 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence

AP Chemistry Practice Exam 1, 289

AP Chemistry Practice Exam 2, 317

Appendixes

SI Units, 347

Balancing Redox Equations Using the Ion-Electron Method, 349

Common Ions, 353

Bibliography, 356

Web Sites, 357

Glossary, 358

Avoiding “Stupid Mistakes” on the Free-Response Section, 367

Exam Resources, 369

前言/序言

AP项目（Advanced Placement Program）始于1955年，由美国大学理事会（the College Board）主持，是在高中阶段开设的具有大学水平的课程，即大学预修课程。AP项目目前设有34门课程和考试，它可以使有余力、有能力、成绩优秀的高中生有机会先修部分美国大学基础课程以获得大学学分，因此吸引了很多成绩优秀的学生选修。目前，已有60多个国家的几千所大学把AP学分作为其入学参考标准，其中包括哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、牛津大学、剑桥大学等世界知名大学。

美国每年约有200万高中毕业生，他们都要参加美国高考SAT和AP课程的考试。美国高中生会在11年级时完成SAT考试，在12年级（高中最后一年）完成两件大事：第一，根据SAT的考试成绩申请大学和奖学金；第二，选修AP课程，并进行备考。在高中选修AP课程和通过AP考试不仅是对学生能力和学业水平的证明，还可以使学生：1. 在申请大学时具有很大的优势。美国大学把学生在AP考试中的表现作为衡量其是否能够胜任大学学习的依据。从美国大学录取顾问委员会公布的影响大学录取因素的比较分析可以看出，AP成绩以80.3%的影响力位居第一，因为它向学校充分展示了学生的才智、专长及学习能力。2. 进入大学后，可以获得大学学分，免修同类课程，提早选修更高级的课程或跳级。3. 提前毕业。4. 节省大学学费。在美国，初等教育是免费的，但高等教育是收费的。选修的AP课程越多，免修的大学课程也就越多，节省的学费也就越多。另外，对中国学生而言，除了可以获得美国大学学分、省时省钱外，还可以在国内提前适应美国大学课程。

AP考试成绩的评定为5分制，满分5分表示极为优秀，4分为优秀，3分相当于合格，即可为大多数学校所接受，2分为可能有资格，1分则不予推荐。 AP考试在每年5月份举行一次，为期两周。每门课程的考试时间约为2～3个小时，考试费用为每科1100元人民币或1790元港币左右。

更多信息可查询以下网站：

AP考试官网：http://www.collegeboard.com

AP国内报名网站：http://apchina.net.cn

香港考务局报名网址：https://www2.hkeaa.edu.hk

为满足国内考生对AP考试资料日益增长的需求，我们从美国知名教育出版公司McGraw-Hill Education引进了本系列AP考试丛书，共包括7本，分别为《AP微观经济学5分制胜》、《AP宏观经济学5分制胜》、《AP微积分AB 5分制胜》、《AP微积分BC 5分制胜》、《AP美国历史5分制胜》、《AP化学5分制胜》和《AP生物5分制胜》。AP各学科分册由相关领域专家编写，精准把握考试命题特点，设计“五步”高效学习方案，总结与考试相关的学科内容和要点，精选针对性练习以及全真模拟试题，并配以答案和准确详尽的解析。本系列丛书适用于备考AP的所有考生，便于考生巩固所学，紧抓重点，取得高分。

本书为其中的《AP化学5分制胜》。AP化学考试并不简单，但是回报丰厚——换取大学学分以及在化学学习上更进一步。大家需要努力地学习才能取得优异成绩，而本书会帮助你掌握和巩固必备知识，为考试作好准备。本书的两位作者都具有多年大学普通化学的教学经验。John Moore是Chemistry for Dummies一书的作者，他还和Richard Langley共同撰写了Chemistry for the Utterly Confused——一本适用于大学生和高中生的化学指南。两位作者都有丰富的经验和精湛的技能来充分阐述AP化学考试所需的知识和策略。Richard Langley曾任高中理科教师，John Moore也有多年为公立学校的老师和学生教授化学课程的经验。并且，他们都有多年参与AP化学考试阅卷的经验，有关于考试评分方法的第一手资料。两位作者努力使本书的内容易于理解，并严格按照AP化学 新东方 AP化学5分制胜（第2版） 电子书 下载 mobi epub pdf txt