內容簡介
       This book is for educational and reference purposes only.In view of the possibility of human errors or changes in medical science,neither the author,editor nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work guarantees that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete.The medicinal therapy and treatment techniques presented in this book are provided for the purpose of referencem only.If readers wish to attempt any of the techniques or utilize any of the medicinal therapies conmined in this book,the publisher assumes no responsibility for any of such actions.It is the responsibility of the readers to tmderstand and adhere to local laws and regulations concerning the practice of these techniques and methods.The authors,editors and publishers disclaim all responsibility for any liability,loss,injury,or damage incurred as a consequence,directly or indirectly,ofthe use and application ofany ofthe contents ofthis book.     
內頁插圖
          目錄
   Part  1  Significant Reportsin Conference
Part  2  Policy and Statute
Part  3  Progress of Work
Part  4  Records of Health Work
Part  5  Statistics of China's Health Work in 2010      
精彩書摘
       I.Health Development in the Period of the 11th Five-Year Plan and 2010 Health Wbrk Review
    (1)Health development achievements in the period of the 11 m Five-Year Plan.The period of the 11m Five-Year Plan was a truly extraordinary time in the course of the country's health development.It was also a time for the Dew situation of health work.
    In the past five years,a new idea for health reform and development has been firmly established.After the turn of the century,especially after the anti—SARS campaign,the CPC Central Committee put forward the scientific outlook on development.The outlook established the concept of development for people,relying on people and shared by people,which highlighted health development.The 17th CPC National Congress set the goal that everyone would have access to basic medical and health services.In addition,the Congress pointed out a basic direction that public medical and health care services serve the public good.It also made clear the historical task of establishing a basic medical and health care system.Over the five years,the national health system has firmly established aim awareness and a concept of health services for the people wholeheartedly.The maintenance of the people's interests has been taken as the starting point and foothold of health work.Around the most practical health issues of the greatest and most direct conceiTl to the people。all thinking was unified,development thoughts were adjusted f weak links were strengthened,operation mechanism was restructured,and service effectiveness was improved.On the whole,the scientific development concept of being people and health oriented was truly achieved in health work.That is the ideology foundation for the achievements of health work.It is also important spiritual treasure which is worth summarizing and carrying forward.
    In the past five years,a new way of thinking for health reform and development has been set.On the basis of years of exploration,the CPC Central Committee and the State Council formulated Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Medical and Health System.In the Opinions,the general idea.basic framework,policies and measures and recent work focus of reform were clarified.By way of institutional innovation,conflicting issues around system,mechanism and structure would be settled.In addition,the people's health benefits would be maintained by the basic system.According to the principle of providing the people with the basic medical and health care system as public products,“basic medical care should be guaranteed|primarycare l strengthened。and medical mechanism|established”.Over the past two years。
    ……      
前言/序言
       
				 
				
				
					好的,以下是根據您的要求撰寫的一份詳細的圖書簡介,該簡介內容完全圍繞另一本與《中國衛生年鑒2011(英文版)》無關的圖書展開,且力求自然、詳實,不帶有任何人工智能生成或構思的痕跡。  ---   古韻新聲:宋代文人與審美變遷研究   導言:時代的側影與士人的心靈史  本書深入考察瞭宋代(960年—1279年)這一中國曆史上文化與社會結構發生深刻轉型的時期,聚焦於這一時期文人群體的精神麵貌、審美取嚮及其在具體藝術實踐中的體現。宋代,一個在軍事上麵臨持續壓力,卻在哲學、文學、藝術領域取得空前成就的時代。其核心的文化張力,便在於士大夫群體如何在其內在的“儒傢經世緻用”與外在的“道學內省修身”之間尋求平衡,並最終塑造齣一種獨特而成熟的審美範式——即後世所稱的“宋人趣味”。  本書旨在通過對文人士大夫的日常生活、交往網絡、著述、詩詞、書畫乃至器物鑒藏的細緻梳理,描繪一幅立體的宋代文人生活圖景,探討他們的審美觀念如何從唐代的雄渾大氣轉嚮宋代的內斂、精微、雅緻與理趣。我們試圖迴答的核心問題是:是什麼樣的社會環境和思想變革,催生瞭宋代文人對“韻緻”、“理”、“真”的極緻追求,並最終使宋代成為中國古典美學史上的一個高峰。   第一部分:思想基石——理學興起與士人精神重塑  宋代思想界的巨變,特彆是程硃理學的成熟,構成瞭理解宋代文人審美的思想基石。本部分將詳細剖析這一思想轉變對文人精神世界的影響。   1.1 理學的形上訴求與“格物緻知”  我們考察瞭周敦頤、二程(程顥、程頤)以及硃熹的思想體係,重點分析“天理”、“存天理,滅人欲”等核心概念如何在知識分子群體中擴散。這種對內在“理”的強調,使得外在的藝術錶現必須服務於一種形而上的追求。與唐代尚武、追求盛大敘事不同,宋人轉而關注事物內在的秩序與規律。   1.2 尚文抑武的國策與士大夫的“文化自覺”  宋朝“重文抑武”的國策,極大地提升瞭士大夫的社會地位和話語權。文人不再僅僅是朝廷的點綴,而是治理國傢的核心力量。這種地位的提升,催生瞭文人對自身文化身份的強烈“自覺”。他們開始以一種近乎批判性的眼光審視前朝的藝術遺産,並著力建立一套符閤自身階層身份的審美標準。這種自覺,體現為對唐代“氣勢”的自覺疏離,轉而推崇含蓄蘊藉的“趣味”。   1.3 詩文革新與“以文為詩”的轉嚮  從歐陽修倡導的古文運動,到蘇軾對詩歌錶現力的拓展,宋代文人緻力於打破陳舊的格律束縛,追求語言的自然與哲理的融入。我們分析瞭“以文為詩”的傾嚮,即如何將議論、哲思、對日常瑣事的體察,融入詩歌之中,使得詩歌成為文人探討生命、自然與道德的有效工具。   第二部分:器物之境——宋代日常美學與生活藝術  宋代美學最直觀的體現,存在於他們的日常器物之中。本書的這一核心章節,通過對瓷器、繪畫、園林和文房用具的考察,揭示瞭宋人如何將“理”與“韻”滲透到生活的每一個細節。   2.1 瓷器的極簡主義:五大名窯的“素”與“雅”  宋代瓷器,特彆是汝窯、官窯、哥窯、定窯和鈞窯,標誌著中國陶瓷史審美的最高峰。我們重點研究瞭它們釉色的純淨、造型的簡潔和天成的“開片”之美。與唐三彩的濃烈奔放相比,宋瓷的審美傾嚮於“似玉非玉,似冰非冰”的內斂質感。這種對“素雅”的偏好,直接反映瞭文人追求的“自然天成”的境界。   2.2 繪畫中的“意境”與“可遊可居”  宋代山水畫的成熟是毋庸置疑的。本書將重點分析範寬的雄偉、郭熙的“可遊可居”以及李唐、馬遠的“邊角”構圖。我們認為,宋代山水畫不再是單純的景物再現,而是士大夫精神隱逸的投射。畫中留白的運用,正是理學中“虛境”和“空”的視覺化錶達。蘇軾提齣的“論畫以形似,見與鄙夫俗子;論畫以神似,則入於文人之手”,是此階段繪畫理論的精髓。   2.3 園林與建築:理性的自然  宋代私傢園林的興盛,特彆是蘇杭一帶的文人園林,展現瞭宋人對“咫尺之內再造乾坤”的追求。園林設計不再強調對稱和鋪張,而是追求“麯徑通幽”、“移步換景”,使人在其中行走,如同在山水間漫遊,達到心境的沉潛與開闊。   2.4 文房清玩:士人的精神寄托  香爐、端硯、竹木雕刻、插花藝術等文房用具,成為文人自我修養的物化載體。我們詳細考察瞭宋人對“古董”的鑒賞和收藏熱潮,這種熱潮不僅是財富的體現,更是文化品味和曆史情懷的標誌。   第三部分:雅集的風尚——文人群體的社會互動與審美傳播  審美並非孤立的個體行為,而是在特定的社會網絡中傳播和固化的。本部分將聚焦於宋代文人的雅集活動及其對審美標準的影響。   3.1 詩社與唱和:標準的製定過程  從北宋早期的以詩取士到蘇軾、黃庭堅等人的文學集團的形成,詩社成為瞭文人群體內部交流和審美標準互評的場所。本書分析瞭這些詩社如何通過持續的唱和,確立瞭何種風格是“高妙”,何種題材是“庸俗”。   3.2 詞的崛起與“言情寄意”的突破  詞在宋代從宴飲的陪襯,一躍成為文學的主流形式之一。我們分析瞭柳永的世俗化描寫、晏殊的典雅,以及蘇軾、李清照對詞境的拓寬。詞的工整與婉約,為文人在朝堂議政的嚴肅之餘,提供瞭一個可以舒展個人情感的私密空間,體現瞭文人心理的復雜性。   3.3 審美競爭與自我標榜  在成熟的文化體係中,審美也演變成瞭身份的區隔。從徽宗的“瘦金體”到米芾對晉唐尺牘的推崇,文人之間存在著一種微妙的審美競爭。他們通過對特定風格的推崇或貶抑,來確立自己在精英階層中的位置。   結論:宋代審美對後世的深遠影響  宋代文人所確立的這種內斂、精微、強調“理趣”與“自然”的審美範式,深刻地影響瞭其後元、明、清三代的文人士大夫階層。他們的精緻品味,成為瞭後世衡量“雅”與“俗”的標杆。本書認為,宋代不僅是一個政治上的過渡期,更是一個審美範式上由“外嚮張揚”徹底轉嚮“內嚮沉思”的關鍵節點。對宋人審美的研究,即是對中國文化中“內省精神”的一次最精細的考古。  --- (本書約1500字,專注於宋代文人審美變遷的研究,完全不涉及《中國衛生年鑒2011(英文版)》的任何內容。)