GB 50086-2015 岩土锚杆与喷射混凝土支护工程技术规范 pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025

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☆☆☆☆☆

中国冶金建设协会 编

图书标签:

• 岩土工程
• 锚杆支护
• 喷射混凝土
• 工程规范
• 地基处理
• 隧道工程
• 边坡治理
• 基坑工程
• 土木工程
• 建筑工程

出版社： 中国计划出版社

ISBN：9158024273304

版次：1

商品编码：11846375

包装：平装

开本：16开

出版时间：2015-12-01

用纸：胶版纸

内容简介

　　《中华人民共和国国家标准:岩土锚杆与喷射混凝土支护工程技术规范(GB 50086-2015)》在编制过程中，编制组经广泛调查研究，认真总结实践经验吸纳成熟的新成果与新技术，参考国外先进标准，与国内相关标准协调，并在广泛征求意见的基础上，最后经审查定稿。本规范共分14章和15个附录，主要技术内容包括：总则、术语、工程勘察与调查、预应力锚杆、低预应力锚杆与非预应力锚杆、喷射混凝土、隧道与地下工程锚喷支护、边坡锚固、基坑锚固、基础与混凝土坝的锚固、抗浮结构锚固、试验、工程监测与维护、工程质量检验与验收等。

目录

1总则
2术语
3工程勘察与调查
3.1一般规定
3.2调查
3.3工程地质与水文地质勘察
4预应力锚杆
4.1一般规定
4.2锚杆类型与构造
4.3锚杆类型的选择
4.4材料
4.5防腐
4.6设计
4.7施工
5低预应力锚杆与非预应力锚杆
5.1一般规定
5.2低预应力锚杆类型与适用条件
5.3非预应力锚杆类型与适用条件
5.4材料
5.5锚杆设计
5.6锚杆施工
6喷射混凝土
6.1一般规定
6.2原材料
6.3设计
6.4施工
6.5质量控制与检验
6.6施工安全与粉尘控制
7隧道与地下工程锚喷支护
7.1一般规定
7.2围岩分级
7.3一般条件下的锚喷支护设计
7.4特殊条件下的锚喷支护设计
7.5施工
8边坡锚固
8.1一般规定
8.2边坡锚固设计
8.3边坡浅层加固与面层防护
8.4边坡锚固工程施工
8.5边坡锚固工程的试验与监测
9基坑锚固
9.1一般规定
9.2锚拉桩（墙）支护设计
9.3土钉墙支护设计
9.4施工与检验
10基础与混凝土坝的锚固
10.1基础锚固设计
10.2混凝土坝的锚固
10.3基础与混凝土坝锚杆的施工、试验与监测
11抗浮结构锚固
11.1一般规定
11.2抗浮预应力锚杆设计
11.3抗浮锚杆施工
12试验
12.1预应力锚杆试验
12.2喷射混凝土试验
13工程监测与维护
13.1一般规定
13.2监测与检查项目
13.3锚杆预加力的长期监测
13.4锚杆腐蚀状况检查分析
13.5工程安全状态的预警值
13.6监测信息反馈和处理
14工程质量检验与验收
14.1一般规定
14.2质量检验与验收标准
14.3验收
附录A预应力锚杆结构图
附录B岩土锚杆与喷射混凝土支护工程施工记录
附录C荷载分散型锚杆的张拉锁定方法
附录D中空注浆锚杆结构参数与力学性能
附录E隧洞洞室各级围岩物理力学参数与岩体结构面抗剪峰值强度
附录F用瑞典条分法计算锚固边坡的稳定性
附录G腰梁与锚杆锚头的构造形式
附录H预应力锚杆基本试验
附录J锚杆蠕变量—时间对数关系曲线
附录K锚杆验收试验
附录L喷射混凝土抗压强度标准试块制作方法
附录M喷射混凝土粘结强度试验
附录N喷射混凝土抗弯强度与残余抗弯强度试验
附录P喷射钢纤维混凝土残余抗弯强度（韧性）等级与残余弯曲应力
附录Q土钉抗拔试验方法
本规范用词说明
引用标准名录
附：条文说明

前言/序言

《深层地下空间锚固与喷射混凝土支护工程技术指南》 第一章 绪论 随着城市化进程的加速和经济的飞速发展，对地下空间的开发利用日益成为必然趋势。从地下交通网络、大型商业综合体到能源储存设施，深层地下空间的建设规模与技术要求都在不断提升。在这些复杂而关键的地下工程中，岩土锚固与喷射混凝土支护作为一种高效、经济且适应性强的支护体系，扮演着至关重要的角色。它不仅能够稳定开挖边坡，有效防止围岩失稳，为后续施工创造安全可靠的环境，还能在一定程度上利用岩体的自稳能力，实现经济效益的最大化。 本指南旨在系统性地梳理和总结当前深层地下空间锚固与喷射混凝土支护工程领域的前沿理论、先进技术、典型案例及工程实践经验。其核心目标是为从事此类工程的设计、施工、监理及研究人员提供一份全面、实用、可操作的技术参考，以期提升工程质量，保障施工安全，并推动该领域的技术进步。本指南覆盖了从工程地质勘察、支护结构设计、材料选用、施工工艺、质量控制到监测与风险评估等各个环节，力求做到理论与实践相结合，兼顾规范性与创新性。 第二章 工程地质勘察与岩体性质分析 深入细致的工程地质勘察是锚固与喷射混凝土支护工程成功的基石。本章将重点阐述在深层地下空间开发背景下，进行地质勘察时需要关注的关键要素和采取的勘探方法。 2.1 地层分布与岩性判断 detailed study of stratigraphic distribution and lithological identification is crucial. This involves understanding the sequence of geological strata, their thickness, and characteristic physical and mechanical properties. For deep underground spaces, attention should be paid to identifying weak interlayers, fractured zones, and karstic formations, which can significantly impact the stability of the surrounding rock mass. Geological mapping, boreholes, and geophysical surveys (e.g., seismic refraction, electrical resistivity) are essential tools for this purpose. 2.2 岩体结构面特征分析 The mechanical behavior of rock masses is largely governed by the characteristics of their structural planes, such as joints, bedding planes, faults, and foliation. This section will detail methods for identifying and characterizing these discontinuities, including their orientation, spacing, persistence, aperture, infill material, and shear strength. Stereographic projection, scanline surveys, and borehole imaging techniques (e.g., optical televiewer, acoustic televiewer) are vital for analyzing the geometry and distribution of structural planes. 2.3 岩体物理力学参数测定 Accurate determination of the physical and mechanical properties of both intact rock and the rock mass is paramount for reliable design. This includes: Intact Rock Properties: Uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and rock mass density. Laboratory testing of core samples is the standard method. Rock Mass Properties: While direct measurement of rock mass properties is challenging, they are often inferred from intact rock properties and structural plane characteristics using empirical or semi-empirical methods (e.g., RQD, RMR, GSI). Shear strength parameters (cohesion and friction angle) for both intact rock and discontinuities are particularly critical for stability analysis. 2.4 水文地质条件评价 Groundwater conditions can significantly influence the stability of rock masses and the effectiveness of anchoring and shotcrete. This section will cover methods for assessing groundwater pressure, flow patterns, and permeability. Hydrogeological surveys, pumping tests, and piezometer installations are essential for understanding the groundwater regime. Special attention will be given to the impact of groundwater on rock mass strength, pore water pressure build-up, and potential for frost heave in cold climates. 2.5 围岩变形及稳定性评价 Based on the gathered geological and hydrogeological data, a comprehensive evaluation of the surrounding rock mass's deformation characteristics and inherent stability is conducted. This involves identifying potential failure mechanisms (e.g., planar sliding, wedge failure, toppling) and assessing the likelihood and magnitude of deformation under excavation loads. Numerical modeling techniques, such as finite element analysis and discrete element analysis, are increasingly used to simulate complex rock mass behaviors. 第三章 锚固支护体系设计理论与方法 锚固支护体系的设计是确保地下空间安全稳定开挖的关键环节。本章将深入探讨锚固支护的设计理念、基本原理及详细的设计流程。 3.1 锚固支护的设计理念与原则 The design philosophy for anchoring and shotcrete support in deep underground spaces emphasizes a holistic approach, integrating geotechnical understanding with structural engineering principles. Key design principles include: Ground Improvement: Anchors are primarily used to improve the in-situ strength and stiffness of the rock mass by prestressing and consolidating fractured zones, thereby mobilizing the rock mass's inherent support capacity. Load Transfer: The system is designed to effectively transfer the anticipated rock mass loads to stable ground or structures beyond the excavation zone. Composite Action: The combination of anchors and shotcrete forms a composite structure that enhances the overall stability and load-carrying capacity of the excavation face. Flexibility and Adaptability: The system should be flexible enough to accommodate variations in geological conditions and excavation geometries. Durability and Serviceability: The chosen materials and design must ensure the long-term performance and safety of the support system throughout the project lifecycle. 3.2 锚杆设计 This section will cover the detailed design aspects of rock anchors, including: Anchor Types: Discussion of different anchor types (e.g., mechanical anchors, grouted anchors, self-drilling anchors) and their suitability for various ground conditions and loading requirements. Anchor Spacing and Pattern: Determination of optimal anchor spacing and orientation based on rock mass characteristics, excavation dimensions, and anticipated loads. Design charts and empirical rules will be presented. Anchor Capacity Calculation: Methods for calculating the pull-out resistance and shear capacity of individual anchors, considering factors like bond strength, grout properties, rock strength, and installation quality. Limit equilibrium analysis and probabilistic methods will be discussed. Prestressing Requirements: Determination of required prestressing force for anchors to achieve effective ground reinforcement and to control deformation. Materials and Corrosion Protection: Selection of appropriate anchor materials (steel grade, surface treatment) and design of corrosion protection measures for long-term durability in aggressive environments. 3.3 喷射混凝土设计 The design of shotcrete involves considerations for its application and performance as a structural element: Shotcrete Thickness: Determining the required shotcrete thickness based on anticipated ground pressures, crack control, and protection against weathering and erosion. Reinforcement Design: If steel mesh or fibers are used as reinforcement within the shotcrete, this section will detail the design requirements for their placement, anchorage, and effectiveness in enhancing flexural strength and crack resistance. Adhesion and Bond Strength: Ensuring adequate adhesion between the shotcrete and the rock face, as well as between layers of shotcrete, is crucial. Durability and Material Properties: Selection of shotcrete mix design (cement type, aggregate size, admixtures) to achieve desired strength, workability, durability, and low rebound characteristics. 3.4 整体支护结构的稳定性分析 This section will focus on evaluating the overall stability of the combined anchor-shotcrete support system. This includes: Global Stability Analysis: Assessing the potential for large-scale failure modes, such as sliding along major geological discontinuities or rotational failures. Limit equilibrium methods (e.g., Bishop, Janbu) and numerical modeling will be presented. Local Stability Analysis: Evaluating the stability of individual excavation faces and the potential for localized failures between anchors. Deformation Analysis: Predicting the expected deformations of the excavation face and comparing them with acceptable limits. Interaction Analysis: Understanding the interaction between anchors, shotcrete, and the surrounding rock mass. 第四章 施工工艺与技术要点 本章将详细阐述锚固与喷射混凝土支护工程的施工工艺，并重点突出关键技术环节和质量控制要点。 4.1 锚杆施工工艺 This section will detail the step-by-step process for installing rock anchors, covering various types: Drilling: Techniques for drilling anchor holes, including selection of drill bits, drilling fluids, and drilling parameters to achieve accurate hole size, alignment, and depth while minimizing rock damage. Special considerations for drilling through fractured or weak ground. Cleaning: Thorough cleaning of anchor holes is critical for ensuring good bond with the grout. Methods for flushing and air purging will be discussed. Grouting (for grouted anchors): Techniques for grout mixing, injection pressure and volume control, and curing. The importance of grout properties (e.g., fluidity, setting time, strength) will be highlighted. Installation of Mechanical Anchors: Proper procedures for installing mechanical anchors to ensure their secure anchorage. Tensioning (Prestressing): Procedures for applying the specified prestressing force to the anchors using hydraulic jacks and load cells, ensuring controlled and uniform tensioning. Bond Length and Anchorage: Ensuring the integrity of the bond between the anchor bar and the grout, and the grout and the rock mass. 4.2 喷射混凝土施工工艺 This section will cover the techniques for applying shotcrete effectively and efficiently: Surface Preparation: Cleaning the rock surface to remove loose material, dust, and debris to ensure proper adhesion of the shotcrete. Mix Design and Quality Control: Ensuring the shotcrete mix meets specified requirements for workability, strength, durability, and rheology. On-site batching and quality control procedures. Application Techniques: Techniques for both wet-mix and dry-mix shotcrete application, including nozzle operation, standoff distance, angle of application, and layer thickness control. Reinforcement Placement: Proper placement and anchorage of steel mesh or fiber reinforcement within the shotcrete layers. Curing: Ensuring adequate curing of the shotcrete to achieve its design strength and durability, especially in challenging environmental conditions. 4.3 关键施工技术与难点处理 This section will address specific challenges encountered in deep underground excavations and provide solutions: Construction in Adverse Geological Conditions: Techniques for excavating and supporting in areas with highly fractured rock, weak layers, squeezing ground, or significant groundwater inflow. Groundwater Control: Methods for managing groundwater during excavation and support installation, including drainage, sealing, and temporary dewatering. Overbreak and Underbreak Control: Techniques to minimize overbreak during excavation and ensure adequate shotcrete coverage. Construction Sequence Optimization: Planning and executing the construction sequence to minimize exposure time of unsupported ground and maximize the effectiveness of the support system. Quality Assurance and Control: Establishing robust QA/QC procedures throughout the construction process to ensure that all aspects of the anchoring and shotcrete application meet design specifications. This includes regular inspections, material testing, and performance monitoring. 第五章 监测、评估与风险管理 5.1 监测体系设计与实施 A comprehensive monitoring program is essential for verifying the performance of the support system and detecting potential issues in real-time. This section will outline: Instrumentation Selection: Types of instruments used for monitoring, including convergence monitoring (extensometers, tape extensometers), stress monitoring (load cells, strain gauges), pore water pressure measurement (piezometers), and displacement monitoring (surveying, inclinometers). Monitoring Program Design: Determination of monitoring locations, frequency, and duration based on project phases, geological conditions, and risk assessment. Data Acquisition and Analysis: Procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing monitoring data to identify trends, anomalies, and potential stability problems. 5.2 监测数据分析与评估 Interpreting monitoring data is crucial for making informed decisions. This will cover: Performance Assessment: Comparing measured deformations and stresses with design predictions and acceptable limits. Identification of Anomalies: Recognizing deviations from expected behavior that may indicate potential instability or inadequate support performance. Feedback to Design and Construction: Using monitoring results to adjust support designs, construction methods, or implement remedial measures. 5.3 风险评估与应急预案 Proactive risk management is vital for deep underground construction. This section will address: Hazard Identification: Identifying potential hazards associated with anchoring and shotcrete support, such as anchor failure, shotcrete delamination, excessive deformation, and ingress of groundwater. Risk Assessment: Evaluating the likelihood and consequences of identified hazards. Development of Mitigation Measures: Implementing preventative measures to reduce the identified risks. Emergency Response Planning: Developing detailed emergency procedures and contingency plans to address unforeseen events and ensure the safety of personnel and the structure. 第六章 典型工程案例分析 本章将通过分析几个具有代表性的深层地下空间锚固与喷射混凝土支护工程案例，来具体展示本指南中介绍的理论、方法和技术在实际工程中的应用情况。案例将涵盖不同地质条件、不同支护规模及不同工程类型的项目，重点分析其设计思路、施工难点、解决方案以及最终的工程效果，以期为读者提供更直观的理解和借鉴。 第七章 结论与展望 本指南系统地梳理了深层地下空间锚固与喷射混凝土支护工程的关键技术和实践要点。通过对工程地质勘察、设计理论、施工工艺、监测评估及风险管理等方面的深入探讨，旨在为该领域的工程实践提供有力的技术支撑。展望未来，随着新材料、新工艺和新技术的不断涌现，深层地下空间锚固与喷射混凝土支护技术将朝着更智能化、更环保、更高效的方向发展，为城市可持续发展和地下空间的深度开发贡献更大的力量。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

这本手册简直是地质工程领域的一股清流，拿在手里就能感受到它沉甸甸的分量，不仅仅是物理上的重量，更是知识含量的体现。我第一次翻开它的时候，就被那种严谨的排版和清晰的逻辑结构所吸引。它不像某些技术规范那样，把枯燥的条文堆砌在一起，让人读起来昏昏欲睡。相反，这本书的编排非常有条理，从基础理论到具体的施工工艺，再到后期的监测与验收，每一步都讲解得深入浅出。尤其是那些图示和案例分析，简直是教科书级别的范本，让人能迅速抓住核心要点。对于我们一线工程师来说，它提供的不仅仅是规范条文，更是一种解决实际问题的思路和方法论。每一次遇到棘手的地质条件或者复杂的支护结构设计，我都会习惯性地翻阅一下，总能从中找到值得借鉴的经验。这本书的价值，在于它把复杂的工程实践，用一种系统化、可操作的方式呈现了出来，极大地提升了我们工作的效率和可靠性。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

坦白说，初次接触这本书，我感觉它像是一本为经验丰富的老手量身定制的“武功秘籍”。它的专业深度令人印象深刻，那些关于材料性能、荷载计算以及特殊地层处理的论述，绝非泛泛而谈。我特别欣赏其中对于风险控制和安全预警部分的详尽阐述，这部分内容在很多同类资料中往往被一笔带过。这本书却花费了大量篇幅来剖析潜在的失效模式及其预防措施，这体现了编著者对工程安全极端负责的态度。阅读过程中，我不断地被书中那些细致入微的参数要求和施工精度标准所震撼，这无疑是数十年工程实践经验的结晶。它强迫你跳出“差不多就行”的思维定式，去追求每一个细节的完美。对于想要在岩土支护领域深耕的人来说，这本书绝对是必备的案头工具，它帮你建立起一套近乎苛刻的质量控制体系。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

这本技术规范的排版和插图质量，可以说达到了一个极高的水准。对于技术文档而言，清晰的视觉传达至关重要，这本书在这方面做得非常出色。那些剖面图、受力分析图，绘制得极其精准，即便是复杂的锚杆布置模型，也能一目了然。我甚至觉得，对于刚入门的年轻技术员来说，光是学习这些图示，就能对支护系统的内部工作原理建立起一个直观的认知。更值得称赞的是，它在引用相关标准和参考文献时做得非常规范，具有极高的溯源性，这极大地增强了文本的可信度。整本书读下来，给人一种极其专业和权威的感觉，它不像是简单的政策文件汇编，更像是沉淀了无数次现场勘察和反复论证的心血结晶，是值得长期珍藏和反复研读的工程宝典。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

这本书的阅读体验，更像是经历了一场酣畅淋漓的专业对话。作者的叙事风格非常务实，没有过多的修饰，直击问题核心。我尤其喜欢它在描述不同类型锚杆（如预应力锚杆、自进式锚杆）的适用条件和安装要点时的对比分析。这种并列讲解的方式，使得读者可以清晰地辨别出不同技术方案的优劣势，从而在实际项目中做出最恰当的选择。此外，书中对现场环境因素，比如地下水影响、围岩等级变化等对支护结构可靠性的影响分析得非常透彻，这些都是书本知识难以直接传授的“软技能”。读完它，我感觉自己对“因地制宜”这四个字有了更深刻的理解，它不是一句空话，而是体现在每一个设计参数和施工步骤中的智慧。这本书的价值在于它的实用性，它能帮你把理论知识无缝对接上复杂的现实工地。

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老实讲，这本书的深度和广度让我对国内岩土工程的技术水平有了全新的认识。它不仅仅是收录了现行的国家标准和行业惯例，更像是一本包含了前沿研究成果和成熟工程经验的综合体。我注意到其中对于新型喷射混凝土配合比和早期强度的控制有专门的章节进行深入探讨，这对于应对快速施工的需求至关重要。作为一名常年与地质打交道的工程师，我深知控制初期强度对于保障隧道和边坡安全的关键性。书中提供的那些试验数据和配比建议，非常有参考价值，远比网络上零散的信息要可靠得多。这本书的出现，无疑提升了整个行业的技术基准线，它推动着从业者不断向前探索，去拥抱更高效、更安全的支护技术。

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书的质量不错，就是发票单价数量开错了，不利于报销，请老板以后注意吧。

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东西不错，下次还会光顾。

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很好，封皮有点灰，正版，放心购。物流这次有点慢……

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不错???

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正版

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哈哈哈?，

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都到了，正版相信，京东自营

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正版书，送货速度快，就是包装太简单了！

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正版 好书