内容简介
Both bifurcation theory and catastrophe theory are studies of smooth systems,tbcusing on properties that seem manifestly non-smooth. Bifurcations are sudden changes that occur in a system as one or more parameters are varied.Catastrophe theory is accurately described as singularity theory and its applications.
These two theories are important tools in the study of differential equations and of related physical systems.Analyzing the bifurcations or singularities of a system provides useful qualitative information about its behaviour. The authors have written this book with reffeshing clarity.Theexposition is masterful,with penetrating insights.
内页插图
目录
Preface
Chapter 1. Bifurcations of Equilibria
1. Families and Deformations
1.1. Families of Vector Fields
1.2. The Space of Jets
1.3. Sard's Lemma and Transversality Theorems
1.4. Simplest Applications: Singular Points of Generic Vector Fields
1.5. Topologically Versal Deformations
1.6. The Reduction Theorem
1.7. Generic and Principal Families
2. Bifurcations of Singular Points in Generic One-Parameter Families
2.1 Typical Germs and Principal Families
2.2. Soft and Hard Loss of Stability
3. Bifurcations of Singular Points in Generic Multi-Parameter Families with Simply Degenerate Linear Parts
3.1. Principal Families
3.2. Bifurcation Diagrams of the Principal Families (3-+) in Table 1
3.3. Bifurcation Diagrams with Respect to Weak Equivalence and Phase Portraits of the Principal Families (4-+) in Table 1
4. Bifurcations of Singular Points of Vector Fields with a Doubly-Degenerate Linear Part
4.1. A List of Degeneracies
4.2. Two Zero Eigenvalues
4.3. Reductions to Two-Dimensional Systems
4.4. One Zero and a Pair of Purely Imaginary Eigenvalues
4.5. Two Purely Imaginary Pairs
4.6. Principal Deformations of Equations of Difficult Type in Problems with Two Pairs of Purely Imaginary Eigenvalues (Following Zolitdek)
5. The Exponents of Soft and Hard Loss of Stability
5.1. Definitions
5.2. Table of Exponents
Chapter 2. Bifurcations of Limit Cycles
1. Bifurcations of Limit Cycles in Generic One-Parameter Families
1.1. Multiplier I
1.2. Multiplier-1 and Period-Doubling Bifurcations
1.3. A Pair of Complex Conjugate Multipliers
1.4. Nonlocal Bifurcations in One-Parameter Families of Diffeomorphisms
1.5. Nonlocal Bifurcations of Periodic Solutions
1.6. Bifurcations Resulting in Destructions of Invariant Tori
2. Bifurcations of Cycles in Generic Two-Parameter Families with an
Additional Simple Degeneracy
2.1. A List of Degeneracies
2.2. A Multiplier+1or-1 with Additional Degeneracy in the Nonlinear Terms
2.3. A Pair of Multipliers on the Unit Circle with Additional Degeneracy in the Nonlinear Terms
3. Bifurcations of Cycles in Generic Two-Parameter Families with Strong Resonances of Orders q≠4
3.1. The Normal Form in the Case of Unipotent Jordan Blocks
3.2. Averaging in the Seifert and the M6bius Foliations
3.3. Principal Vector Fields and their Deformations
3.4. Versality of Principal Deformations
3.5. Bifurcations of Stationary Solutions of Periodic Differential Equations with Strong Resonances of Orders q≠4
4. Bifurcations of Limit Cycles for a Pair of Multipliers Crossing the
Unit Circle at±i
4.1. Degenerate Families
4.2. Degenerate Families Found Analytically
4.3. Degenerate Families Found Numerically
4.4. Bifurcations in Nondegenerate Families
4.5. Limit Cycles of Systems with a Fourth Order Symmetry
5. Finitely-Smooth Normal Forms of Local Families
5.1. A Synopsis of Results
5.2. Definitions and Examples
5.3. General Theorems and Deformations of Nonresonant Germs
5.4. Reduction to Linear Normal Form
5.5. Deformations of Germs of Diffeomorphisms of Poincare Type
5.6. Deformations of Simply Resonant Hyperbolic Germs
5.7. Deformations of Germs of Vector Fields with One Zero Eigenvalue at a Singular Point
5.8. Functional Invariants of Diffeomorphisms of the Line
5.9. Functional Invariants of Local Families of Diffeomorphisms
5.10. Functional Invariants of Families of Vector Fields
5.11. Functional Invariants of Topological Classifications of Local Families of Diffeomorphisms of the Line
6. Feigenbaum Universality for Diffeomorphisms and Flows
6.1. Period-Doubling Cascades
6.2. Perestroikas of Fixed Points
6.3. Cascades of n-fold Increases of Period
6.4. Doubling in Hamiltonian Systems
6.5. The Period-Doubling Operator for One-Dimensional Mappings
6.6. The Universal Period-Doubling Mechanism for Diffeomorphisms
Chapter 3. Nonlocal Bifurcations
1. Degeneracies of Codimension 1. Summary of Results
1.1. Local and Nonlocal Bifurcations
1.2. Nonhyperbolic Singular Points
1.3. Nonhyperbolic Cycles
1.4. Nontransversal Intersections of Manifolds
1.5. Contours
1.6. Bifurcation Surfaces
1.7. Characteristics of Bifurcations
1.8. Summary of Results
2. Nonlocal Bifurcations of Flows on Two-Dimensional Surfaces
2.1. Semilocal Bifurcations of Flows on Surfaces
2.2. Nonlocal Bifurcations on a Sphere: The One-Parameter Case .
2.3. Generic Families of Vector Fields
2.4. Conditions for Genericity
2.5. One-Parameter Families on Surfaces different from the Sphere
2.6. Global Bifurcations of Systems with a Global Transversal Section on a Torus
2.7. Some Global Bifurcations on a Klein bottle
2.8. Bifurcations on a Two-Dimensional Sphere: The Multi-Parameter Case
2.9. Some Open Questions
3. Bifurcations of Trajectories Homoclinic to a Nonhyperbolic Singular Point
3.1. A Node in its Hyperbolic Variables
3.2. A Saddle in its Hyperbolic Variables: One Homoclinic Trajectory
3.3. The Topological Bernoulli Automorphism
3.4. A Saddle in its Hyperbolic Variables: Several Homoclinic Trajectories
3.5. Principal Families
4. Bifurcations of Trajectories Homoclinic to a Nonhyperbolic Cycle
4.1. The Structure of a Family of Homoclinic Trajectories
4.2. Critical and Noncritical Cycles
4.3. Creation of a Smooth Two-Dimensional Attractor
4.4. Creation of Complex Invariant Sets (The Noncritical Case) ...
4.5. The Critical Case
4.6. A Two-Step Transition from Stability to Turbulence
4.7. A Noncompact Set of Homoclinic Trajectories
4.8. Intermittency
4.9. Accessibility and Nonaccessibility
4.10. Stability of Families of Diffeomorphisms
4.11. Some Open Questions
5. Hyperbolic Singular Points with Homoclinic Trajectories
5.1. Preliminary Notions: Leading Directions and Saddle Numbers
5.2. Bifurcations of Homoclinic Trajectories of a Saddle that Take Place on the Boundary of the Set of Morse-Smale Systems
5.3. Requirements for Genericity
5,4, Principal Families in R3 and their Properties
5.5. Versality of the Principal Families
5.6. A Saddle with Complex Leading Direction in R3
5.7. An Addition: Bifurcations of Homoclinic Loops Outside the Boundary of a Set of Morse-Smale Systems
5.8. An Addition: Creation of a Strange Attractor upon Bifurcation of a Trajectory Homoclinic to a Saddle
6. Bifurcations Related to Nontransversal Intersections
6.1. Vector Fields with No Contours and No Homoclinic Trajectories
6.2. A Theorem on Inaccessibility
6.3. Moduli
6.4. Systems with Contours
6.5. Diffeomorphisms with Nontrivial Basic Sets
6.6, Vector Fields in R3 with Trajectories Homoclinic to a Cycle
6.7. Symbolic Dynamics
6.8. Bifurcations of Smale Horseshoes
6.9. Vector Fields on a Bifurcation Surface
6.10. Diffeomorphisms with an Infinite Set of Stable Periodic Trajectories
7. Infinite Nonwandering Sets
7.1. Vector Fields on the Two-Dimensional Torus
7.2. Bifurcations of Systems with Two Homoclinic Curves of a Saddle
7.3. Systems with Feigenbaum Attractors
7.4. Birth of Nonwandering Sets
7.5. Persistence and Smoothness of Invariant Manifolds
7.6. The Degenerate Family and Its Neighborhood in Function Space
7.7. Birth of Tori in a Three-Dimensional Phase Space
8. Attractors and their Bifurcations
8.1. The Likely Limit Set According to Milnor (1985)
8.2. Statistical Limit Sets
8.3. Internal Bifurcations and Crises of Attractors
8.4. Internal Bifurcations and Crises of Equilibria and Cycles
8.5. Bifurcations of the Two-Dimensional Torus
Chapter 4. Relaxation Oscillations
1. Fundamental Concepts
1.1. An Example: van der Pors Equation
1.2. Fast and Slow Motions
1.3. The Slow Surface and Slow Equations
1.4. The Slow Motion as an Approximation to the Perturbed Motion
1.5. The Phenomenon of Jumping
2. Singularities of the Fast and Slow Motions
2.1. Singularities of Fast Motions at Jump Points of Systems with One Fast Variable
2.2. Singularities of Projections of the Slow Surface
2.3. The Slow Motion for Systems with One Slow Variable
2.4. The Slow Motion for Systems with Two Slow Variables
2.5. Normal Forms of Phase Curves of the Slow Motion
2.6. Connection with the Theory of Implicit Differential Equations
2.7. Degeneration of the Contact Structure
3. The Asymptotics of Relaxation Oscillations
3.1. Degenerate Systems
3.2. Systems of First Approximation
3.3. Normalizations of Fast-Slow Systems with Two Slow Variables for
3.4. Derivation of the Systems of First Approximation
3.5. Investigation of the Systems of First Approximation
3.6. Funnels
3.7. Periodic Relaxation Oscillations in the Plane
4. Delayed Loss of Stability as a Pair of Eigenvalues Cross the Imaginary Axis
4.1. Generic Systems
4.2. Delayed Loss of Stability
4.3. Hard Loss of Stability in Analytic Systems of Type 2
4.4. Hysteresis
4.5. The Mechanism of Delay
4.6. Computation of the Moment of Jumping in Analytic Systems
4.7. Delay Upon Loss of Stability by a Cycle
4.8. Delayed Loss of Stability and “Ducks” .
5. Duck Solutions
5.1. An Example: A Singular Point on the Fold of the Slow Surface
5.2. Existence of Duck Solutions
5.3. The Evolution of Simple Degenerate Ducks
5.4. A Semi-local Phenomenon: Ducks with Relaxation
5.5. Ducks in R3 and Rn
Recommended Literature
References
Additional References
前言/序言
好的,这是一份关于该系列中不包含《动力系统5:分歧理论和突变理论》内容的图书简介,旨在详细介绍该系列中其他分册的主题和价值,总字数控制在1500字左右。 --- 国外数学名著系列50(续一 影印版):探索数学前沿的经典构建 “国外数学名著系列50(续一 影印版)”旨在系统性地引进和呈现一批在各自领域内具有里程碑意义的国外经典数学著作。该系列涵盖了从基础理论到前沿研究的广阔领域,是数学工作者、高年级本科生、研究生及科研人员的重要参考资料库。本续集精选了若干在20世纪后期对数学发展产生深远影响的著作,以其原版影印的形式,最大限度地保留了作者的原始思想和表达方式。本系列不同分册关注的领域各异,共同构成了一部跨学科的、具有高度学术价值的数学丛书。 以下是对该系列中其他分册内容的简要介绍,这些内容着重于介绍非动力系统分歧与突变理论的其他重要数学分支: 1. 经典分析与拓扑学:结构与极限的严谨构建 本系列中收录的部分卷册深度聚焦于经典分析和拓扑学的核心议题,为理解现代数学的抽象结构奠定了坚实的分析基础。 专题聚焦:泛函分析的深化与应用 本系列中的重要组成部分深入探讨了泛函分析,特别是那些超越初级勒贝格积分理论和希尔伯特空间基础的进阶主题。这部分内容侧重于Banach空间的深入结构研究,探索更一般的拓扑向量空间的性质,如局部凸空间、测度论在无穷维空间中的推广,以及算子理论的进一步发展。例如,其中一些卷册详细论述了Schwartz分布的理论,这对于现代偏微分方程(PDE)的弱解理论至关重要。读者将接触到关于紧算子、Fredholm理论的拓扑证明方法,以及如何利用泛函分析工具来解决边缘值问题和特征值问题。这些分析方法不仅是研究动力系统(如周期轨道稳定性分析)的基石,也是量子场论和概率论中重要的数学工具。 拓扑学的几何直观与代数工具 另一个核心板块聚焦于代数拓扑和微分拓扑的交汇点。这些著作不再局限于点集拓扑的连通性和紧致性讨论,而是转向了同调论和同伦论的构建。内容可能涵盖奇异同调、Cech上同调,以及如何利用纤维丛和示性类(如Chern类、Pontryagin类)来描述流形上的几何结构。例如,对纤维丛理论的深入探讨,包括连接、曲率的定义和计算,是理解几何分析和现代微分几何(如规范场理论)不可或缺的知识。这些理论通过代数化的方式,揭示了空间内在的洞和结构,提供了超越直观几何的严密框架。 2. 代数几何与数论:抽象结构与整数的深层联系 本系列同样包含了对代数几何和数论领域具有基础性意义的影印版著作,它们代表了数学中抽象化和精确性的巅峰成就。 代数几何:从簇到概形 本系列中有关代数几何的部分,往往影印了奠基性的工作,它们标志着从经典代数簇理论向现代概形理论的转变。核心内容围绕Grothendieck的范畴论方法展开,引入了诸如纤维积、极限、上推(pushforward)等关键概念。读者将深入学习如何利用栈(Stacks)的概念来处理更一般的几何对象,以及Scholze的完美空间(Perfectoid Spaces)等更现代的工具在$p$-adic几何中的应用。重点可能在于描述代数空间的基本性质,如何通过局部化、粘合(gluing)构造出全局对象,以及椭圆曲线、高维Calabi-Yau流形上的算术性质。这些内容对于解决费马大定理的推广问题、黎曼猜想的函数域类似物等方面具有决定性作用。 现代数论:L-函数与自守形式 数论部分则集中于解析数论和代数数论的交汇处,特别是围绕L-函数的构造和性质。本系列中的经典著作详细阐述了自守表示的理论基础,如Weil群的构造,以及Langlands纲领的早期表述。内容可能包括对Hecke特征和Hecke代数的详细分析,如何利用这些工具来研究模形式的性质,以及它们与椭圆曲线的BSD猜想之间的深刻联系。这些著作不仅仅是计算性的,更是高度概念化的,旨在揭示数域、表示论和分析之间的内在统一性。 3. 数学物理的基石:概率论与随机过程 在连接纯数学与应用科学方面,本系列也收录了关于概率论和随机过程的经典著作,这些内容为理解复杂系统的演化提供了严格的框架。 测度论在概率论中的应用 本部分内容基于严格的测度论基础,超越了初级的概率公理,深入探讨了随机过程的构造和性质。核心关注点在于鞅论(Martingale Theory)的全面展开,包括Doob不等式、Doob-Meyer分解以及各种鞅收敛定理。这些理论是金融数学、信息论以及统计推断的基石。此外,对于连续时间随机过程,如布朗运动的精细性质(如二次变差、局部时间)以及伊藤积分的构造与应用(如伊藤公式),会有详尽的论述,这对于研究随机微分方程(SDEs)至关重要。 随机微分方程与随机力学 不同于侧重于分歧和稳定性分析的动力系统理论,该系列中的相关部分更侧重于引入随机扰动后系统的行为。内容会详细介绍随机偏微分方程(SPDEs)的解的存在性、唯一性以及平稳态分布的性质。这要求读者掌握泛函分析、概率论和PDE理论的交叉知识。这些模型是描述介观物理、材料科学中涨落现象以及复杂生物网络行为的必要工具。 总结 “国外数学名著系列50(续一 影印版”)通过收录上述涵盖泛函分析、代数几何、数论及高级概率论等领域的经典著作,构建了一个全面的、具有历史纵深感的数学知识体系。这些卷册虽然彼此独立,共同反映了20世纪后半叶数学研究的广度和深度,为读者提供了一个接触原始、严谨、富有创造力的数学思想的难得机会。它们为深入理解更专业的领域(如动力系统的分歧理论和突变理论)提供了必要的分析和结构性背景,但内容本身独立于该特定分支的细节展开。