内容简介
In 1862 Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, a shy Oxford mathematician with a stammer, created a story about a little girl tumbling down a rabbit hole. Thus began the immortal adventures of Alice, perhaps the most popular heroine in English literature. Countless scholars have tried to define the charm of the Alice books–with those wonderfully eccentric characters the Queen of Hearts, Tweedledum, and Tweedledee, the Cheshire Cat, Mock Turtle, the Mad Hatter et al.–by proclaiming that they really comprise a satire on language, a political allegory, a parody of Victorian children's literature, even a reflection of contemporary ecclesiastical history. Perhaps, as Dodgson might have said, Alice is no more than a dream, a fairy tale about the trials and tribulations of growing up–or down, or all turned round–as seen through the expert eyes of a child.
作者简介
"Lewis Carroll," creator of the brilliantly witty Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, was a pseudonym for Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, a shy Oxford don with a stammer.
He was born at Daresbury, Cheshire on January 27, 1832, son of a vicar. As the eldest boy among eleven children, he learned early to amuse his siblings by writing and editing family magazines. He was educated at Christ Church College, Oxford, where he lectured in mathematics from1855 to 1881. In 1861 he was ordained as a deacon.
Dodgson's entry into the world of fiction was accidental. It happened one "golden afternoon" as he escorted his colleague's three daughters on a trip up the river Isis. There he invented the story that might have been forgotten if not for the persistence of the youngest girl, Alice Liddell. Thanks to her, and to her encouraging friends, Alice was published in 1865, with drawings by the political cartoonist, John Tenniel. After Alice, Dodgson wrote Phantasmagoria and Other Poems (1869), Through the Looking-Glass (1871), The Hunting of Shark (1876, and Rhyme? and Reason? (1883).
As a mathematician Dodgson is best known for Euclid and His Modern Rivals (1879). He was also a superb children's photographer, who captured the delicate, sensuous beauty of such little girls as Alice Liddell and Ellen Terry, the future actress. W.H. Auden called him "one of the best portrait photographer of the century." Dodgson was also an inventor; his projects included a game of arithmetic croquet, a substitute for glue, and an apparatus for making notes in the dark. Though he sought publication for his light verse, he never dreamed his true gift–telling stories to children–merited publication or lasting fame, and he avoided publicity scrupulously Charles Dodgson died in 1898 of influenza.
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精彩书评
"Only Lewis Carroll has shown us the world upside down as a child sees it, and has made us laugh as children laugh."
--Virginia Woolf
精彩书摘
Chaoter I
Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, "and what is the use of a book," thought Alice, "without pictures or conversations?"
So she was considering, in her own mind (as well as she could, for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure of making a daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.
There was nothing so very remarkable in that; nor did Alice think it so very much out of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself "Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be too late!" (when she thought it over afterwards it occurred to her that she ought to have wondered at this, but at the time it all seemed quite natural); but, when the Rabbit actually took a watch out of its waistcoat-pocket, and looked at it, and then hurried on, Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind that she had never before seen a rabbit with either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch to take out of it, and burning with curiosity, she ran across the field after it, and was just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit-hole under the hedge.
In another moment down went Alice after it, never once considering how in the world she was to get out again.
The rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way, and then dipped suddenly down, so suddenly that Alice had not a moment to think about stopping herself before she found herself falling down what seemed to be a very deep well.
Either the well was very deep, or she fell very slowly, for she had plenty of time as she went down to look about her, and to wonder what was going to happen next. First, she tried to look down and make out what she was coming to, but it was too dark to see anything: then she looked at the sides of the well, and noticed that they were filled with cupboards and book-shelves: here and there she saw maps and pictures hung upon pegs. She took down a jar from one of the shelves as she passed: it was labelled "ORANGE MARMALADE" but to her great disappointment it was empty: she did not like to drop the jar, for fear of killing somebody underneath, so managed to put it into one of the cupboards as she fell past it.
"Well!" thought Alice to herself. "After such a fall as this, I shall think nothing of tumbling down-stairs! How brave they'll all think me at home! Why, I wouldn't say anything about it, even if I fell off the top of the house!" (Which was very likely true.)
Down, down, down. Would the fall never come to an end? "I wonder how many miles I've fallen by this time?" she said aloud. "I must be getting somewhere near the centre of the earth. Let me see: that would be four thousand miles down, I think–" (for, you see, Alice had learnt several things of this sort in her lessons in the school-room, and though this was not a very good opportunity for showing off her knowledge, as there was no one to listen to her, still it was good practice to say it over) "–yes, that's about the right distance–but then I wonder what Latitude or Longitude I've got to?" (Alice had not the slightest idea what Latitude was, or Longitude either, but she thought they were nice grand words to say.)
Presently she began again. "I wonder if I shall fall right through the earth! How funny it'll seem to come out among the people that walk with their heads downwards! The antipathies, I think–" (she was rather glad there was no one listening, this time, as it didn't sound at all the right word) "–but I shall have to ask them what the name of the country is, you know. Please, Ma'am, is this New Zealand? Or Australia?" (and she tried to curtsey as she spoke–fancy, curtseying as you're falling through the air! Do you think you could manage it?) "And what an ignorant little girl she'll think me for asking! No, it'll never do to ask: perhaps I shall see it written up somewhere."
Down, down, down. There was nothing else to do, so Alice soon began talking again. "Dinah'll miss me very much to-night, I should think!" (Dinah was the cat.) "I hope they'll remember her saucer of milk at tea-time. Dinah, my dear! I wish you were down here with me! There are no mice in the air, I'm afraid, but you might catch a bat, and that's very like a mouse, you know. But do cats eat bats, I wonder?" And here Alice began to get rather sleepy, and went on saying to herself, in a dreamy sort of way, "Do cats eat bats? Do cats eat bats?" and sometimes "Do bats eat cats?" for, you see, as she couldn't answer either question, it didn't much matter which way she put it. She felt that she was dozing off, and had just begun to dream that she was walking hand in hand with Dinah, and was saying to her, very earnestly, "Now, Dinah, tell me the truth: did you ever eat a bat?" when suddenly, thump! thump! down she came upon a heap of sticks and dry leaves, and the fall was over.
Alice was not a bit hurt, and she jumped up on to her feet in a moment: she looked up, but it was all dark overhead: before her was another long passage, and the White Rabbit was still in sight, hurrying down it. There was not a moment to be lost: away went Alice like the wind, and was just in time to hear it say, as it turned a corner, "Oh my ears and whiskers, how late it's getting!" She was close behind it when she turned the corner, but the Rabbit was no longer to be seen: she found herself in a long, low hall, which was lit up by a row of lamps hanging from the roof.
There were doors all around the hall, but they were all locked; and when Alice had been all the way down one side and up the other, trying every door, she walked sadly down the middle, wondering how she was ever to get out again.
Suddenly she came upon a little three-legged table, all made of solid glass: there was nothing on it but a tiny golden key, and Alice's first idea was that this might belong to one of the doors of the hall; but, alas! either the locks were too large, or the key was too small, but at any rate it would not open any of them. However, on the second time round, she came upon a low curtain she had not noticed before, and behind it was a little door about fifteen inches high: she tried the little golden key in the lock, and to her great delight it fitted!
Alice opened the door and found that it led into a small passage, not much larger than a rat-hole: she knelt down and looked along the passage into the loveliest garden you ever saw. How she longed to get out of that dark hall, and wander about among those beds of bright flowers and those cool fountains, but she could not even get her head through the doorway; "and even if my head would go through," thought poor Alice, "it would be of very little use without my shoulders. Oh, how I wish I could shut up like a telescope! I think I could, if I only knew how to begin." For, you see, so many out-of-the-way things had happened lately, that Alice had begun to think that very few things indeed were really impossible.
There seemed to be no use in waiting by the little door, so she went back to the table, half hoping she might find another key on it, or at any rate a book of rules for shutting people up like telescopes: this time she found a little bottle on it ("which certainly was not here before," said Alice), and tied around the neck of the bottle was a paper label, with the words "DRINK ME" beautifully printed on it in large letters.
It was all very well to say "Drink me," but the wise little Alice was not going to do that in a hurry. "No, I'll look first," she said, "and see whether it's marked 'poison' or not"; for she had read several nice little stories about children who had got burnt, and eaten up by wild beasts, and other unpleasant things, all because they would not remember the simple rules their friends had taught them: such as, that a red-hot poker will burn you if you hold it too long; and that, if you cut your finger very deeply with a knife, it usually bleeds; and she had never forgotten that, if you drink much from a bottle marked "poison," it is almost certain to disagree with you, sooner or later.
However, this bottle was not marked "poison," so Alice ventured to taste it, and, finding it very nice (it had, in fact, a sort of mixed flavour of cherry-tart, custard, pineapple, roast turkey, toffee, and hot buttered toast), she very soon finished it off.
"What a curious feeling!" said Alice. "I must be shutting up like a telescope!"
And so it was indeed: she was now only ten inches high, and her face brightened up at the thought that she was now the right size for going through the little door into that lovely garden. First, however, she waited for a few minutes to see if she was going to shrink any further: she felt a little nervous about this; "for it might end, you know," said Alice to herself, "in my going out altogether, like a candle. I wonder what I should be like then?" And she tried to fancy what the flame of a candle looks like after the candle is blown out, for she could not remember ever having seen such a thing.
After a while, finding that nothing more happened, she decided on going into the garden at once; but, alas for poor Alice! when she got to the door, she found she had forgotten the little golden key, and when she went back to the table for it, she found she could not possibly reach it: she could see it quite plainly through the glass, and she tried her best to climb up one of the legs of the table, but it was too slippery; and when she had tired herself out with trying, the poor little thing sat down and cried.
《格林童话全集》 一部跨越世纪的德国民间文学瑰宝,汇集了人类想象力的无限可能与对淳朴人性的深刻洞察。 卷首语: 每一个孩子心中都藏着一个等待被唤醒的魔法世界。在这个世界里,善良终将战胜邪恶,智慧的光芒能够穿透最深的黑暗,而即便是最渺小的生物,也可能拥有改变命运的力量。我们的祖先通过口耳相传,为我们留下了这些宝贵的财富,它们不仅是睡前的甜美梦境,更是我们理解世界、塑造品格的最初基石。《格林童话全集》正是这样一座丰饶的宝库,它穿越时空的界限,至今仍以其独特的魅力,滋养着一代又一代读者的心灵。 第一部分:起源与传承——德意志精神的深层回响 本书汇集了雅各布·格林(Jacob Grimm)和威廉·格林(Wilhelm Grimm)兄弟毕生心血的结晶。他们并非单纯的文学创作者,而是严谨的语言学家和文化人类学家。在十九世纪初的德意志,民族认同感正处于萌芽阶段,格林兄弟肩负起抢救和记录民间口头文学的使命。他们走访民间,细致入微地收集那些流传于村庄、酒馆和炉火旁的古老故事。 这套童话并非是为迎合儿童市场而“美化”的作品,它们保留了早期口述文学的原始质感——质朴、直率,有时甚至带着一丝残酷的真实。这些故事深深植根于德意志的社会结构、民间信仰和道德观念之中。从茂密的黑森林到宁静的农舍,每一个地理场景都成为故事发生的背景,赋予了作品一种强烈的地域色彩和历史厚重感。 核心主题解析: 格林兄弟的童话超越了简单的善恶二元对立,它们更深入地探讨了人类生存的复杂性与困境: 生存的智慧(Pragmatism): 在资源匮乏的年代,生存是第一要义。《汉塞尔与格蕾特》(Hansel and Gretel)中,孩子通过机智地标记路径和利用巫婆的贪婪来反制,展现了在极端困境中,智慧和合作远胜于盲目的顺从。 命运的抗争与救赎(Destiny and Redemption): 许多故事的主人公(通常是受虐待的继子女或贫困的第三子)从社会底层出发,通过正直、勤劳和坚韧,最终获得王冠和幸福。《灰姑娘》(Aschenputtel,即德语原名)的故事核心,强调了内在纯洁的美德终将得到外界的认可和回报。 自然的二元性(The Duality of Nature): 森林在格林童话中既是庇护所,也是危险的象征。它是迷失的场所,藏匿着妖精、巨人与邪恶的魔法。这反映了早期社会对不可控自然力量的敬畏与恐惧。 家庭伦理的挑战(Familial Ethics): 继母、嫉妒的姐妹、遗弃孩子的父母,这些形象构成了对传统家庭单元稳定性的深刻拷问。童话通过夸张的手法,揭示了权力结构内部的紧张关系,并最终通过魔法的力量寻求伦理秩序的重建。 第二部分:经典故事赏析——永恒叙事的魅力 本全集收录了包括《白雪公主》、《睡美人》、《小红帽》、《长发公主乐佩》、《渔夫和他的妻子》在内的超过两百个经典篇目。每一篇都是一个结构精妙的叙事模型: 1. 魔法的逻辑(The Logic of Magic): 与后世一些浪漫主义童话不同,格林童话中的魔法往往遵循一套严格的“代价与回报”的逻辑。魔法不是无缘无故发生的,它通常是某种契约、诅咒或对特定道德行为(如无私的帮助、轻易的承诺)的直接反应。例如,《布莱梅的城市乐手》中,四只年老的动物通过集体行动,创造了一个新的、更适宜它们生存的社会结构,展现了“弱者联盟”的早期形态。 2. 语言的穿透力(Linguistic Penetration): 格林兄弟的德语原文,以其简洁、精准而富有韵律的叙事风格著称。故事中反复出现的固定句式和重复结构,如“于是,他/她走了,走了,走了……”,不仅增强了故事的节奏感,也强化了时间的流逝感和旅途的漫长与艰辛。这种叙事技巧是口头文学对书面文学影响的直接体现。 3. 黑暗与光明的辩证(Dialectics of Dark and Light): 我们必须正视这些故事中令人不安的元素:被吃掉的祖母、被丢弃在荒野的孩子、被残忍惩罚的恶人(如被穿上烧红的铁鞋跳舞)。这些看似“残忍”的情节,在当时的历史语境下,是维护社会道德底线、震慑潜在犯罪的有效叙事手段。它们教育孩子,世界的秩序并非总是一帆风顺,不正义的行为必然招致相应的后果。这使得《格林童话》拥有了远超一般“哄睡故事”的教育深度。 第三部分:文学史的地位与当代价值 《格林童话全集》的出版,不仅是德语文学史上的里程碑,它彻底改变了西方儿童文学的面貌。它影响了后来的安徒生、王尔德等无数作家,并成为了研究欧洲神话、宗教符号和民间心理学的核心文本。 对现代读者的意义: 在信息爆炸、节奏飞快的当代社会,重温这些古老的故事,提供了一种必要的“慢下来”的体验。它们提醒我们: 对抗虚假: 在充斥着滤镜和表象的世界里,格林童话教导我们透过表象看本质,识别出隐藏在甜言蜜语下的“巫婆”。 拥抱韧性: 面对生活中的“继母”和“挫折”,故事中的英雄们教导我们,真正的力量源于内心的纯净和不屈的意志。 文化溯源: 阅读这些故事,就是与欧洲数百年来的集体潜意识进行对话,理解西方文化符号和思维模式的深层根源。 本书收录的版本,力求还原格林兄弟最初的版本风貌,辅以详尽的背景注释和文化解读,旨在让今天的读者,无论是成人还是孩子,都能跨越语言和时代的隔阂,直接触摸到这些故事最初、最原始的生命力。 《格林童话全集》,不只是给孩子的礼物,更是献给所有渴望探寻人性深处与古老智慧的成年人的一部不朽经典。