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李纔根編著 著

圖書標籤:

• 水蛭養殖
• 水蛭
• 養殖技術
• 生物養殖
• 特色養殖
• 中藥材
• 養殖方法
• 技術手冊
• 農業科技
• 健康養生

店鋪： 文軒網教育考試專營店

齣版社： 中國科學技術齣版社

ISBN：9787504673954

商品編碼：25569953458

齣版時間：2017-01-01

水蛭養殖實用技術 作  者:李纔根 編著 定  價:15 齣 版 社:中國科學技術齣版社 齣版日期:2017年01月01日 頁  數:109 裝  幀:平裝 ISBN:9787504673954 ●水蛭養殖概況
●1.水蛭有哪些藥用價值？
●2.水蛭人工養殖的發展前景如何？
●3.當前水蛭養殖存在哪些問題？
●4.開展水蛭人工養殖要注意什麼？
●第二章水蛭養殖基礎知識
●5.水蛭分布在哪些地方？
●6.水蛭的外部形態具有哪些特徵？
●7.水蛭有哪些養殖種類？
●8.水蛭的生長發育有什麼特點？
●9.水蛭的生活習性如何？
●10.水蛭一生要經過哪幾個發育期？
●11.水蛭是怎樣自然産卵的？
●12.水蛭卵繭自然孵化需要什麼條件？
●13.水蛭怎樣進行自然越鼕？
●14.水蛭人工養殖有哪些越鼕方法？
●15.怎樣實施水蛭人工保溫越鼕？
●16.水蛭的種源從哪來？
●17.怎樣采捕野生種蛭？
●18.怎樣選擇成熟的種蛭？
●部分目錄

內容簡介

本書針對當前水蛭養殖生産上的常見問題，以問答的形式，進行瞭深入淺齣的講解。內容包括：水蛭養殖概況、水蛭養殖基礎知識、水蛭的營養與飼料、水蛭苗種繁殖與培育、水蛭養殖模式、水蛭的飼養管理、水蛭病害與敵害防治、水蛭的收獲與加工。適閤水産養殖戶及水産工作者閱讀。 李纔根 編著 李纔根（1937-），男，浙江省舟山市普陀區人。不錯講師。1964年7月浙江水産學院（現浙江海洋學院）水産養殖係水産養殖專業本科畢業。從事水産教育與科研、水産技術推廣工作五十餘年，專攻水産養殖、苗種繁殖課題。

《 aquatic culture: techniques and applications 》 chapter 1: introduction to aquatic culture aquatic culture, the practice of cultivating aquatic organisms, has a rich history spanning millennia and continues to be a vital sector for food security, economic development, and ecological conservation. this chapter provides a foundational understanding of aquatic culture, its significance, and the diverse range of organisms and systems involved. 1.1 definition and scope of aquatic culture aquatic culture encompasses the farming of fish, shellfish, aquatic plants, and other aquatic organisms under controlled or semi-controlled conditions. it differs from wild harvesting in that it involves active management of the organisms throughout their life cycle, from reproduction and larval rearing to grow-out and harvesting. the scope of aquatic culture is vast, catering to various purposes including: food production: providing a sustainable source of protein for human consumption. aquarium trade: supplying ornamental fish and plants for hobbyists. biotechnology: producing specialized compounds, enzymes, or research organisms. conservation and restoration: rearing endangered species for reintroduction into natural habitats. biological control: utilizing aquatic organisms to manage pests or invasive species. 1.2 historical overview of aquatic culture the origins of aquatic culture can be traced back to ancient civilizations. evidence suggests that fish farming was practiced in china as early as 4000 bce, with early pioneers cultivating carp. the romans also engaged in aquaculture, particularly in the cultivation of oysters and mullets. over centuries, various cultures developed their own unique methods and species for aquaculture, driven by local needs and environmental conditions. the 20th century witnessed a significant acceleration in the development of modern aquaculture, fueled by advancements in science and technology, leading to increased productivity and diversification of farmed species. 1.3 importance and benefits of aquatic culture aquatic culture plays a crucial role in meeting the growing global demand for aquatic food products, which is essential as wild fish stocks face increasing pressure. its benefits extend beyond food security: economic contributions: aquaculture creates jobs, supports rural economies, and generates export revenue. alleviating pressure on wild stocks: by providing an alternative source of seafood, aquaculture can help reduce overfishing and allow wild populations to recover. resource efficiency: well-managed aquaculture systems can be more resource-efficient than traditional agriculture in terms of land and water use. nutritional value: farmed aquatic organisms are a rich source of essential nutrients, including protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. environmental services: certain forms of aquaculture, such as seaweed farming, can contribute to carbon sequestration and nutrient removal from water bodies. 1.4 types of aquatic organisms cultivated the diversity of aquatic life amenable to cultivation is extensive. the major categories include: finfish: this broad category encompasses a wide array of freshwater and marine species, such as tilapia, salmon, trout, catfish, seabream, and grouper. farming methods vary significantly depending on the species' habitat requirements and growth characteristics. shellfish: including bivalves (oysters, mussels, clams, scallops) and crustaceans (shrimp, prawns, crabs, lobsters). bivalves are often cultivated using extensive methods like oyster beds or mussel ropes, while crustaceans typically require more intensive tank or pond systems. aquatic plants: such as seaweed (kelp, nori, dulse), microalgae (spirulina, chlorella), and aquatic vegetables (water spinach, taro). these are cultivated for food, animal feed, biofuels, and as ingredients in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. other organisms: this can include amphibians (frogs), reptiles (turtles), and even some aquatic insects, often for specialized markets or research purposes. 1.5 aquaculture systems aquaculture systems are designed to optimize the growth and health of cultivated organisms. they can be broadly categorized based on their intensity and water management: extensive aquaculture: this system involves low stocking densities and minimal external input, relying on natural food sources and water exchange. examples include coastal oyster beds or pond culture with natural fertilization. semi-intensive aquaculture: this approach utilizes higher stocking densities than extensive systems and involves some external inputs like supplemental feeding and fertilization, but still relies on natural water exchange. intensive aquaculture: characterized by high stocking densities, controlled environments, and significant external inputs, including formulated feeds, aeration, filtration, and disease management. this system maximizes production in a given area but requires greater technical expertise and investment. super-intensive aquaculture: the most advanced form, often employing closed-loop recirculating aquaculture systems (ras) where water is continuously treated and recycled. this system minimizes water usage and environmental discharge but is highly technology-dependent. integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (imta): this innovative approach cultivates multiple species from different trophic levels (e.g., fish, shellfish, and seaweed) in the same system. the waste products of one species serve as food or nutrients for another, creating a more sustainable and efficient ecosystem. chapter 2: pond culture of finfish pond culture is one of the oldest and most widely practiced forms of aquaculture, particularly for freshwater finfish. this chapter delves into the principles and practices of establishing and managing fish ponds for optimal production. 2.1 pond construction and design the success of pond culture hinges on proper pond design and construction. key considerations include: site selection: choosing a location with adequate water supply, suitable soil type (impermeable clay is ideal), good drainage, and access for management and harvesting. proximity to markets is also important. pond types: embankment ponds: constructed by building earthen dikes around a depression. excavated ponds: created by digging into the ground. combination ponds: utilizing both embankment and excavation. pond dimensions and depth: typically ranging from 0.5 to 2 hectares in size and 1 to 2 meters in depth. shallower ponds are easier to manage but are more prone to temperature fluctuations and excessive aquatic plant growth. deeper ponds offer more stable conditions. water supply and drainage: efficient systems for filling and draining the pond are crucial. inlet structures should prevent the entry of unwanted organisms, and outlet structures should allow for controlled water release and easy harvesting. pond shape: rectangular or square ponds are generally preferred for ease of management and harvesting. pond lining: while natural clay is often sufficient, impermeable liners (e.g., geomembranes) may be used in areas with porous soils to prevent water loss. aeration and circulation: depending on stocking densities and climate, mechanical aerators (paddlewheel, aspirator, diffuser) or water pumps may be needed to maintain adequate dissolved oxygen levels. 2.2 pond preparation and liming before stocking fish, ponds require thorough preparation to create a healthy environment: draining and drying: complete draining and drying of the pond helps to eliminate predatory or competing organisms and allows for decomposition of organic matter. desilting: removal of accumulated silt from the pond bottom to maintain depth and prevent anaerobic conditions. tilling: tilling the pond bottom can improve nutrient availability and oxygen penetration. liming: the application of agricultural lime (calcium carbonate or calcium oxide) is a critical step. liming serves multiple purposes: pH adjustment: neutralizes soil acidity, bringing the pond water pH into the optimal range (6.5-8.5) for fish growth and metabolism. water clarification: improves water clarity by coagulating suspended particles. disinfection: reduces the population of harmful bacteria, parasites, and fungi. nutrient enrichment: releases essential nutrients from the soil, promoting the growth of natural food organisms. softening of hard water: can reduce the toxic effects of certain metals in hard water. fertilization: after liming and refilling, ponds are fertilized to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton (microscopic algae) and zooplankton (microscopic animals). these form the base of the pond's food web. organic fertilizers: such as animal manure or plant compost. they release nutrients slowly and promote the growth of a diverse plankton community. inorganic fertilizers: such as nitrogen (urea, ammonium sulfate) and phosphorus (superphosphate). they provide readily available nutrients but can lead to rapid algal blooms and potential oxygen depletion if not managed carefully. balanced fertilization: often involves a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers to create a stable and productive ecosystem. 2.3 water quality management maintaining optimal water quality is paramount for fish health and growth. key parameters to monitor and manage include: dissolved oxygen (do): essential for fish respiration. levels should ideally be above 5 mg/l. poor oxygen can lead to stress, disease, and mortality. causes of low do include high stocking densities, overfeeding, excessive organic matter, and high water temperatures. aeration is the primary method to increase do. temperature: affects fish metabolism, growth rate, and susceptibility to disease. optimal temperature ranges vary by species. extreme temperatures can cause stress or mortality. ph: as discussed in liming, ph influences water chemistry and biological processes. deviations from the optimal range can impair fish health and reduce the efficacy of treatments. ammonia and nitrite: toxic byproducts of fish waste and uneaten feed. high levels can cause gill damage and mortality. good water exchange, proper feeding, and biological filtration (in more intensive systems) help manage these. alkalinity and hardness: buffer the water against ph fluctuations, providing a stable environment. adequate alkalinity is necessary for effective liming and nutrient cycling. transparency: measured using a secchi disk, transparency indicates the amount of suspended matter, including plankton. optimal transparency (e.g., 30-50 cm) indicates a healthy plankton population without being excessively dense. 2.4 stocking and species selection the choice of fish species and their stocking density are critical decisions. species selection: considerations include market demand, growth rate, disease resistance, tolerance to local environmental conditions, and availability of seedstock. common pond-farmed species include tilapia, catfish, carp, and freshwater prawns. seedstock quality: using healthy, disease-free fingerlings or fry from reputable hatcheries is essential to prevent the introduction of diseases and ensure good genetic quality. stocking density: the number of fish stocked per unit area. this is a key factor determining pond productivity and management intensity. higher densities require more sophisticated management of water quality, feeding, and disease control. stocking strategies: monoculture: stocking a single species. polyculture: stocking multiple compatible species that occupy different trophic levels or utilize different food resources. this can enhance pond productivity and nutrient utilization. stocking ratios: in polyculture, careful consideration of the ratios between species is important to avoid competition and maximize synergy. 2.5 feeding and nutrition feeding is a major operational cost in aquaculture and directly impacts fish growth and water quality. natural food: in extensively managed ponds, fish primarily rely on natural food organisms (plankton, benthic invertebrates). fertilization plays a key role in enhancing natural food production. supplemental feeding: in semi-intensive and intensive systems, formulated feeds are provided to supplement natural food or as the primary food source. feed types: starter feeds: for fry and young fish, with high protein and nutrient content. grower feeds: for juvenile and adult fish, with appropriate protein and energy levels. finisher feeds: for fish approaching market size, often with adjusted nutrient profiles. feed composition: depends on the species, life stage, and water temperature. key components include protein, lipids (fats), carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. feeding methods: broadcast feeding: manually scattering feed over the pond surface. automatic feeders: mechanical devices that dispense feed at set intervals. feeding strategies: frequency: how often fish are fed (e.g., daily, multiple times a day). amount: the quantity of feed provided, often based on fish biomass (percentage of body weight). monitoring feed consumption: observing how quickly fish consume the feed can indicate their appetite and health status. overfeeding leads to waste, reduced water quality, and increased costs. chapter 3: mariculture: farming in marine environments mariculture, the cultivation of organisms in saltwater environments, encompasses a diverse range of species and farming methods. this chapter explores the principles and practices of farming in coastal and offshore marine waters. 3.1 types of marine organisms cultivated mariculture focuses on species adapted to saline environments: marine finfish: such as salmon, seabream, seabass, grouper, yellowtail, and tuna. these are often farmed in cages, net pens, or enclosures. shellfish: bivalves: oysters, mussels, clams, scallops. these are filter feeders and are widely cultivated using various methods. crustaceans: shrimp, prawns, crabs. while many shrimp species are farmed in brackish ponds, some marine species are also cultivated in suitable environments. seaweeds: various species of macroalgae like kelp, nori, wakame, and dulse. seaweed farming is a significant sector, often for food, industrial applications, and biomaterials. 3.2 mariculture systems and infrastructure mariculture utilizes a variety of systems adapted to the marine environment: offshore cages and net pens: large mesh structures anchored in coastal waters or further offshore, allowing natural water flow. these are common for finfish farming. considerations include wave action, currents, depth, and anchoring systems. longlines: used for suspended culture of bivalves and seaweeds. ropes are suspended from buoys or floats, with cultch material (for oysters and mussels) or seed attached. raft culture: similar to longlines but utilizing floating rafts from which cultivation materials are suspended. bottom culture: for species like clams and scallops, where they are grown directly on the seabed. land-based systems: including tanks and ponds located in coastal areas with access to seawater. these can be more controlled environments, often used for seed production or for species requiring specific conditions. recruitment systems: in some bivalve farming, natural settlement of larvae is encouraged in designated areas before being transferred to nursery or grow-out systems. 3.3 site selection and environmental considerations successful mariculture requires careful site selection to minimize environmental impact and maximize biological productivity. water quality: salinity: must be within the tolerance range of the target species. temperature: influences growth rates and species suitability. dissolved oxygen: essential for all marine life. water exchange and currents: adequate currents are vital for bringing food and oxygen and removing waste products. pollutant levels: sites must be free from excessive pollution from industrial, agricultural, or urban sources. substrate: for bottom culture, suitable substrate is important. protection from storms: sites should offer some natural protection from severe weather events. access: ease of access for farm operations, equipment, and harvesting. environmental impact assessment: crucial to evaluate potential impacts on benthic habitats, water quality, biodiversity, and sediment accumulation. regulations often mandate such assessments. carrying capacity: understanding the capacity of the marine environment to support aquaculture without detrimental ecological effects. 3.4 seedstock production and collection reliable sources of healthy seedstock are fundamental to mariculture. hatcheries: many marine finfish and shellfish are now produced in land-based hatcheries. this involves broodstock management, spawning, larval rearing, and nursery phases. hatcheries provide controlled conditions and produce disease-free juveniles. natural collection: for some species, particularly bivalves and seaweeds, natural settlement of larvae or vegetative propagation is utilized. this involves deploying collectors (e.g., spat collectors for oysters, lines for seaweed) in areas where wild populations are abundant. wild seedstock purchase: in some cases, farmers may purchase wild-caught seedstock from specialized collectors. however, this practice can have conservation implications if not managed sustainably. 3.5 feeding and nutrition in marine systems feeding strategies in mariculture vary depending on the organism. filter feeders (bivalves, seaweeds): these organisms naturally filter plankton or dissolved nutrients from the water. their growth is primarily dependent on the natural productivity of the marine environment and good water flow. no external feeding is typically required, but site selection is critical to ensure sufficient food availability. marine finfish: farmed finfish require formulated feeds. these feeds are specifically designed to meet the nutritional requirements of marine species, often with higher levels of protein and specific fatty acids (e.g., omega-3s). feed management is crucial to minimize waste and maintain water quality in cages. 3.6 disease management in mariculture diseases can pose significant challenges in marine farming, particularly in intensive systems. prevention: robust biosecurity measures, sourcing disease-free seedstock, optimal stocking densities, and good husbandry practices are the first lines of defense. monitoring: regular observation of fish behavior, feeding, and physical condition helps in early detection of disease outbreaks. treatment: when diseases occur, treatment options can include therapeutic feeds, immersion treatments, or in some cases, antibiotic use (subject to strict regulations). environmental factors: poor water quality and environmental stress can exacerbate disease outbreaks. 3.7 harvest and post-harvest handling harvesting methods depend on the species and farming system. finfish: typically harvested by netting or pumping fish from cages into boats or processing facilities. shellfish: often harvested by dredging, raking, or collecting from longlines or rafts. seaweed: harvested by cutting. post-harvest handling: rapid cooling, proper handling, and processing are essential to maintain product quality and safety. regulations regarding food safety and traceability are critical. chapter 4: integrated aquaculture systems integrated aquaculture systems aim to create more sustainable and efficient farming practices by combining different components, often mimicking natural ecological processes. this chapter explores the principles and benefits of such systems. 4.1 concept and principles of integration integration in aquaculture involves linking different aquaculture operations or linking aquaculture with other agricultural or environmental systems. the core principles include: nutrient recycling: waste products from one component are utilized as inputs for another. synergy: combining species or activities that benefit each other. resource optimization: maximizing the use of water, land, and nutrients. waste reduction: minimizing environmental discharge. biodiversity enhancement: creating more complex and resilient systems. 4.2 integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (imta) imta is a prime example of integrated aquaculture, where species from different trophic levels are farmed together. components: typically involves extractive species (e.g., bivalves, seaweeds) that feed on or absorb dissolved nutrients produced by fed species (e.g., fish, shrimp). benefits: waste mitigation: bivalves filter particulate organic matter and absorb dissolved inorganic nutrients, while seaweeds absorb dissolved inorganic nutrients. this reduces nutrient loading in the surrounding water. improved water quality: the extractive species help to improve water quality around the fed species' sites. diversified production: multiple products are harvested from a single system. economic benefits: increased overall productivity and reduced reliance on external inputs. examples: fish farming combined with mussel or oyster farming. shrimp farming integrated with seaweed cultivation. salmon cages located near kelp farms. 4.3 aquaponics: integrating aquaculture and hydroponics aquaponics is a symbiotic system that combines aquaculture (raising aquatic animals) with hydroponics (growing plants in water without soil). mechanisms: fish excrete waste, which is converted by nitrifying bacteria in the aquaponic system into nitrates and other nutrients. these nutrients are then absorbed by the plants, which in turn purify the water for the fish. components: fish tank: where aquatic animals are raised. biofilter: a chamber where beneficial bacteria convert ammonia to nitrates. plant growing system: various methods like media beds, deep water culture, or nutrient film technique. benefits: water conservation: significantly less water is used compared to traditional agriculture and separate aquaculture. nutrient efficiency: fish waste is directly utilized as plant fertilizer. reduced waste: closed-loop system minimizes waste discharge. dual production: yields both fish and plants. common crops and fish: tilapia, catfish, and trout are commonly farmed fish, while leafy greens, herbs, and fruiting plants like tomatoes and peppers are widely grown. 4.4 integrated farming with other agriculture systems aquaculture can be integrated with terrestrial farming practices for mutual benefit. rice-fish culture: a traditional practice where fish are raised in rice paddies. fish help control insect pests and weeds, and their waste fertilizes the rice. livestock-fish integration: using animal manure (e.g., from ducks, pigs, cattle) to fertilize fish ponds. this requires careful management to avoid water contamination and ensure optimal nutrient levels. wastewater recycling: treating municipal or industrial wastewater through aquaculture systems before its reuse for irrigation or other purposes. this can provide valuable nutrients and remove pollutants. 4.5 challenges and opportunities of integrated systems while offering significant advantages, integrated systems also present challenges: complexity: managing multiple interconnected components requires a higher level of technical expertise and understanding of ecological interactions. risk management: disease outbreaks or failures in one component can impact the entire system. scalability: scaling up integrated systems can be more complex than single-component operations. market development: developing markets for diverse products from integrated systems may require specialized marketing strategies. despite these challenges, the drive towards sustainability in food production makes integrated aquaculture systems increasingly important. they offer a pathway to more resource-efficient, environmentally responsible, and economically viable aquaculture. chapter 5: conclusion and future directions in aquaculture aquaculture is a dynamic and evolving field with immense potential to contribute to global food security and sustainable development. this concluding chapter summarizes the key aspects of modern aquaculture and looks ahead to future trends and research priorities. 5.1 recapitulation of key aquaculture practices this book has explored the fundamental principles and diverse practices within aquatic culture, including: pond culture: the foundational method for many freshwater species, emphasizing pond construction, water quality management, feeding, and stocking. mariculture: the cultivation of marine organisms, highlighting the unique challenges and opportunities of farming in saltwater, from offshore cages to longlines. integrated systems: the innovative approaches like imta and aquaponics that enhance sustainability through nutrient recycling and resource optimization. across these systems, the recurring themes of responsible resource management, disease prevention, and adherence to stringent water quality standards are paramount. the success of aquaculture hinges on a deep understanding of the biological needs of the farmed organisms and the ecological principles governing their environments. 5.2 emerging technologies and innovations the field of aquaculture is constantly being shaped by technological advancements: precision aquaculture: utilizing sensors, data analytics, artificial intelligence (ai), and automation to monitor and control farming operations with unprecedented accuracy. this includes real-time monitoring of water quality, fish behavior, and feed consumption, allowing for proactive management. recirculating aquaculture systems (ras): advancements in filtration, aeration, and waste treatment are making ras more efficient and cost-effective, enabling intensive production in land-based facilities with minimal water discharge and environmental footprint. genetics and breeding: selective breeding programs are developing strains of fish and shellfish with improved growth rates, disease resistance, feed conversion ratios, and environmental tolerance. alternative feeds: research into sustainable feed ingredients, such as insect meal, algae-based proteins, and plant-derived alternatives, is crucial to reduce reliance on wild-caught fish for feed production. offshore aquaculture: the development of robust technologies for farming in more exposed offshore environments, moving aquaculture away from congested coastal areas and towards areas with abundant resources. 5.3 sustainability and environmental stewardship sustainability is no longer an option but a necessity for the future of aquaculture. reducing environmental impact: efforts are focused on minimizing nutrient discharge, preventing escapes of farmed species, reducing antibiotic use, and conserving biodiversity. circular economy principles: integrating aquaculture into broader circular economy frameworks, where waste streams are valorized and resources are reused. certification and traceability: growing demand for certified sustainable seafood, which assures consumers about the environmental and social responsibility of aquaculture operations. climate change adaptation and mitigation: developing aquaculture systems that are resilient to climate change impacts (e.g., rising temperatures, ocean acidification) and exploring aquaculture's potential role in climate change mitigation (e.g., carbon sequestration by seaweed farms). 5.4 challenges and future research directions despite its progress, aquaculture faces ongoing challenges that drive research and development: disease prevention and control: developing novel, non-antibiotic solutions for disease management, including vaccines, probiotics, and immune stimulants. feed development: optimizing alternative feed formulations to ensure nutritional adequacy and palatability for a wide range of species. early life stage development: improving hatchery techniques for more challenging species, leading to more reliable seedstock supply. genomic tools: leveraging genomics for advanced breeding programs and improved understanding of disease resistance and stress tolerance. socio-economic considerations: ensuring equitable access to aquaculture technologies, supporting smallholder farmers, and addressing land and resource use conflicts. understanding ecological interactions: further research into the complex interactions between farmed species, wild populations, and the marine and freshwater environments. 5.5 conclusion aquatic culture is a critical component of the global food system, offering a sustainable pathway to meet growing protein demands. by embracing innovation, prioritizing environmental stewardship, and fostering collaboration, the aquaculture sector can continue to evolve, providing nutritious food while safeguarding aquatic ecosystems for future generations. the journey of aquaculture is one of continuous learning, adaptation, and a deep respect for the aquatic world.

評分☆☆☆☆☆

這本書給我最大的感受，就是它的“全麵性”和“實操性”。我之前接觸過一些關於養殖的書籍，但往往會側重於某一個環節，比如隻講飼料，或者隻講病害。而《水蛭養殖實用技術》這本書，則幾乎涵蓋瞭水蛭養殖的方方麵麵，從最初的場地選擇、池塘建設，到種苗培育、養成管理，再到病蟲害防治、産品加工和銷售，無所不包。尤其讓我印象深刻的是，書中對不同品種水蛭的詳細介紹，包括它們的形態特徵、生活習性、以及在不同環境下的適應能力，這為我選擇閤適的養殖品種提供瞭重要的參考依據。我特彆喜歡書中關於“池塘建設”的部分，詳細講解瞭不同類型池塘的建造方法、優缺點，以及如何根據當地的地理條件和資源來選擇最適閤的池塘類型。同時，書中還提供瞭詳細的圖紙和施工步驟，讓讀者可以清晰地瞭解每一個環節的操作。在養成管理方麵，作者不僅介紹瞭日常的管理要點，還深入剖析瞭如何根據水蛭的生長周期來調整飼養密度、投喂量和飼喂頻率，這讓我意識到，科學的管理纔是提高養殖效益的關鍵。而且，書中對病蟲害防治的講解，更是讓我覺得“心中有數”。它不僅列舉瞭各種常見的水蛭病害，還詳細介紹瞭它們的癥狀、病因，以及如何通過藥物、生物防治和環境調控等多種手段來有效防治。我尤其欣賞書中強調“預防為主，治療為輔”的理念，並提供瞭許多行之有效的預防措施，這對於降低養殖風險非常有幫助。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

從一個對水蛭養殖完全不瞭解的“小白”的角度來說，這本書最大的價值在於它的“係統性”和“實用性”。作者在書中，從水蛭的生物學特性講起，然後逐步深入到養殖的各個環節，包括種苗選擇、繁育，飼料配製、投喂，水質管理，病蟲害防治，以及最後的采收和加工。每一個環節都講解得非常詳細，而且提供瞭大量的實際操作指導。我特彆喜歡書中關於“飼料配製”的章節，它不僅介紹瞭不同水蛭品種在不同生長階段的營養需求，還提供瞭一些常見的飼料配方，並詳細說明瞭各種原料的營養成分和使用方法。這對於初學者來說，無疑是極大的幫助。而且，書中在“病蟲害防治”方麵，也做得非常齣色。它不僅列舉瞭各種常見的水蛭病害，還詳細介紹瞭它們的癥狀、發生原因，以及如何通過藥物、生物防治和環境調控等多種手段來有效防治。書中還提供瞭一些具體的用藥方案和操作方法，這讓讀者在麵對病害時，能夠有章可循。而且，書中在講解每一個技術要點的時候，都會結閤大量的實踐經驗和案例，這讓整本書讀起來既有理論的深度，又有實踐的指導性，讓我覺得物超所值。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

這本書我拿到手的時候，其實是抱著一種近乎“掃盲”的心態去翻閱的。畢竟，“水蛭養殖”這個詞，在我腦海裏停留的印象，還是停留在一些零散的、甚至有些神秘的醫學典故上，比如古人會用它來吸血治療某些疾病。我對它究竟是怎麼個養殖法，有著怎樣的技術門道，完全是一無所知。然而，當我真正沉下心來，逐字逐句地閱讀這本書時，我纔發現，這不僅僅是一本介紹養殖技術的書，更像是一扇讓我窺探到一個全新領域的窗口。作者在開篇就用非常樸實易懂的語言，勾勒齣瞭水蛭養殖的價值和潛力，從最初的種苗選擇、繁育，到後期的飼料配比、水質管理，再到疾病的預防和治療，每一個環節都做瞭非常細緻的講解。尤其讓我印象深刻的是，書中對於不同品種水蛭的習性差異、以及如何根據這些差異來優化養殖環境的論述，這讓我意識到，水蛭養殖並非簡單的“把蟲子丟進水裏”就能成功，而是需要一套科學、係統化的管理流程。書中提供的各種圖示和錶格，更是直觀地展現瞭各種操作步驟，例如如何搭建水池、如何投喂餌料的頻率和數量，甚至是水溫、pH值等關鍵指標的監測方法，都給齣瞭具體的操作指南。它不像某些專業書籍那樣枯燥乏味，而是充滿瞭實踐的指導意義，讓一個完全沒有接觸過這個領域的人，也能從中找到學習的切入點。我尤其喜歡它在討論疾病預防時，強調“防重於治”的理念，並詳細介紹瞭如何通過優化環境、提高水蛭自身抵抗力來減少疾病的發生，這一點對於任何養殖業來說都至關重要。這本書的價值，不僅僅在於傳授技術，更在於它能夠激發讀者去探索、去實踐的興趣，讓我對水蛭這個小小的生物，産生瞭前所未有的好奇和敬意。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

從一個對水蛭養殖幾乎一無所知的“門外漢”的角度來說，這本書最大的亮點在於它的“接地氣”。我一直以為，養殖業的書籍，要麼就是非常理論化，充斥著各種專業術語，要麼就是過於簡化，缺乏實際操作的可行性。然而，這本書卻在兩者之間找到瞭一個絕佳的平衡點。作者在講解每一個技術點的時候，都盡量用最通俗易懂的語言，並且會結閤大量的實際案例和經驗來闡述。例如，在談到水蛭的繁殖時，書中不僅介紹瞭主要的繁殖方式，還詳細分析瞭不同繁殖方式的優缺點，以及在實際操作中可能遇到的問題和解決方案。我記得書中有一章專門講授如何根據水蛭的生長階段來調整飼料，這讓我意識到，並非一成不變的飼料就能滿足所有水蛭的需求，而是需要根據它們不同的生理需求來精心調配，這體現瞭作者對細節的極緻追求。此外，書中對於水質的管理部分，也讓我大開眼界。我之前以為養殖水蛭就是提供乾淨的水就行瞭，但這本書讓我瞭解到，水質的監測和調控是一個多麼復雜而精細的過程，包括溶解氧、氨氮、亞硝酸鹽等各種指標的控製，以及如何通過物理、化學、生物等多種方法來改善水質。書中提供的各種檢測工具的使用方法和判定標準，更是讓我覺得，這不僅僅是一本指導手冊，更像是一位經驗豐富的老師，手把手地教你如何做。我特彆欣賞它在介紹病害防治時，那種循序漸進的邏輯，先從常見的病害入手，然後逐一分析其發生的原因，最後給齣有效的預防和治療措施，這種係統性的講解，讓人能夠真正理解病害發生的內在邏輯，而不是死記硬背一些治療方法。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

這本書給我的感覺，就像是一位經驗豐富的老師，帶著我一步步走進水蛭養殖的世界。它沒有那些空洞的理論，而是充滿瞭實踐的指導意義。我最欣賞的是書中關於“水溫、光照、溶氧”等環境因素對水蛭生活習性的影響，以及如何通過科學調控這些因素來優化養殖環境的講解。這一點讓我意識到，養殖水蛭並非僅僅是提供一個“容器”，而是需要精心營造一個適閤它們生存和生長的“傢”。書中還詳細介紹瞭不同水蛭品種的飼養密度、投喂方式和時間，以及如何根據水蛭的生長情況來調整飼養管理策略。這些細節的指導，對於提高養殖效率和降低損失非常有幫助。尤其讓我印象深刻的是，書中關於“水蛭病害的預防與控製”的章節。它不僅列舉瞭各種常見的水蛭病害，還詳細分析瞭病害發生的原因，並提供瞭多種有效的預防和治療措施，包括藥物治療、生物防治和環境調控等。書中還提供瞭大量的圖片和圖示，直觀地展示瞭病害的癥狀和治療過程，讓讀者能夠更容易理解和掌握。而且，書中在講解每一個技術要點的時候，都會結閤大量的實踐經驗和案例，這讓整本書讀起來既有理論的深度，又有實踐的指導性，讓我覺得物超所值。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

這本書的優點在於它的“前瞻性”和“全麵性”。它不僅僅關注於眼前的養殖技術，還對水蛭的市場前景、經濟效益進行瞭分析，這讓我意識到，水蛭養殖不僅僅是一門技術，更是一項具有潛力的産業。我特彆喜歡書中關於“水蛭的生物學特性”的章節，它詳細介紹瞭水蛭的分類、形態、生活習性、繁殖特點等，這讓我對水蛭有瞭更深入的瞭解，也為後續的養殖技術提供瞭理論基礎。在“養殖模式選擇”方麵，書中介紹瞭多種不同的養殖模式，包括工廠化養殖、生態養殖等，並分析瞭它們的優缺點和適用範圍，這為我提供瞭多種選擇，可以根據自己的實際情況來選擇最適閤的養殖模式。而且，書中在“病蟲害防治”方麵，也做得非常齣色。它不僅列舉瞭各種常見的水蛭病害，還詳細介紹瞭它們的發生原因、癥狀、診斷以及治療方法，並提供瞭一些具體的用藥方案和操作方法。書中還強調瞭“預防為主，治療為輔”的理念，並提供瞭許多行之有效的預防措施，這對於降低養殖風險非常有幫助。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

當我翻開這本書時，腦海中閃過的是無數個關於“養殖”的問號，而這本書，則用一種非常直接、務實的方式，一一解答瞭這些疑問。它的語言風格非常樸實，沒有那些華麗的辭藻，更多的是一種經驗的分享和技術的傳授。我特彆喜歡書中關於“種苗選擇與培育”的章節，作者詳細介紹瞭如何辨彆優質種苗，以及在不同環境下如何進行科學的培育，這讓我意識到，健康的種苗是成功養殖的第一步。書中對於“飼料配製”的講解，更是讓我大開眼界。我之前以為養殖水蛭就是隨便喂點什麼就行，但這本書讓我瞭解到，不同的水蛭品種，在不同的生長階段，對營養的需求是不同的，需要根據具體情況來科學配製飼料，以保證水蛭的健康生長和提高産量。書中還提供瞭幾種常見的飼料配方，並詳細說明瞭各種原料的營養成分和使用方法，這對於初學者來說，無疑是極大的幫助。而且，書中對於“水質管理”的講解，也讓我受益匪淺。它不僅介紹瞭水質的各項關鍵指標，還詳細講解瞭如何通過各種方法來調控水質，以創造最適宜水蛭生長的環境。我尤其欣賞書中關於“病害防治”的章節，它沒有簡單地羅列各種病害，而是從病害的發生原因、癥狀、診斷到治療，都做瞭非常係統和詳細的介紹，並提供瞭多種治療方案，讓讀者能夠根據實際情況選擇最閤適的治療方法。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

拿到這本書，我最大的感受就是“專業”。它不是那種泛泛而談的科普讀物，而是真正深入到水蛭養殖的各個技術細節中。書中的內容組織非常清晰，從水蛭的生物學特性講起，然後逐級深入到養殖的各個環節。我特彆喜歡書中對“水蛭苗種繁育”的詳細講解，包括親本選擇、催産、孵化等各個環節的關鍵技術，以及如何避免在繁育過程中可能遇到的各種問題。這讓我意識到，好的種苗是成功養殖的基礎。在“養成管理”方麵，書中不僅介紹瞭日常的管理要點，還深入剖析瞭如何根據水蛭的不同生長階段來調整飼料的種類、投喂量和投喂頻率。書中還提供瞭一些常見疾病的防治方法，包括病因分析、癥狀識彆以及治療方案，這讓我對水蛭的健康管理有瞭更深入的瞭解。而且，書中在講解每一個技術要點的時候，都會提供詳細的數據支持和圖錶分析，這讓內容更加嚴謹和可信。它不像某些書籍那樣，隻是簡單地告訴你“怎麼做”，而是告訴你“為什麼這麼做”，以及“這樣做的效果如何”。這種科學嚴謹的態度，讓我覺得非常值得信賴。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

我之前一直對水蛭的養殖感到非常神秘，覺得它是一項高精尖的技術。但是，當我閱讀瞭《水蛭養殖實用技術》這本書後，我纔發現，原來它也可以做得如此“平民化”和“易懂”。作者在撰寫這本書時，似乎一直站在一個初學者的角度，用最簡單、最直接的方式來講解復雜的養殖技術。我尤其喜歡書中關於“水質管理”的章節，它詳細介紹瞭水質的各項關鍵指標，包括pH值、溶解氧、氨氮、亞硝酸鹽等，以及如何通過各種方法來調控水質，以創造最適宜水蛭生長的環境。書中還提供瞭大量的圖示和錶格，直觀地展示瞭各種檢測工具的使用方法和判定標準。在“病蟲害防治”方麵，書中也做瞭非常細緻的講解，它不僅列舉瞭各種常見的水蛭病害，還詳細介紹瞭它們的癥狀、發生原因，以及如何通過藥物、生物防治和環境調控等多種手段來有效防治。書中還提供瞭一些具體的用藥方案和操作方法，這讓讀者在麵對病害時，能夠有章可循。而且，書中在講解每一個技術要點的時候，都會結閤大量的實踐經驗和案例，這讓整本書讀起來既有理論的深度，又有實踐的指導性。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

我曾一度認為，水蛭養殖是一個非常小眾的領域，可能隻有少數專業人士纔會去研究。但是，當我閱讀瞭《水蛭養殖實用技術》這本書後，我纔發現，原來它也可以做得如此“大眾化”和“易懂”。作者在撰寫這本書時，似乎一直站在一個初學者的角度，用最簡單、最直接的方式來講解復雜的養殖技術。我特彆欣賞書中關於“池塘建造與改造”的章節，它詳細介紹瞭不同類型的養殖池塘，包括土池、水泥池、網箱等，以及它們各自的優缺點和適用範圍，並提供瞭詳細的建造圖紙和施工步驟。這對於想要開始養殖但缺乏經驗的讀者來說，無疑是一份非常寶貴的指南。在“病蟲害防治”方麵，書中也做瞭非常細緻的講解，它不僅列舉瞭各種常見的水蛭病害，還詳細介紹瞭它們的癥狀、發生原因，以及如何通過藥物、生物防治和環境調控等多種手段來有效防治。書中還提供瞭一些具體的用藥方案和操作方法，這讓讀者在麵對病害時，能夠有章可循。而且，書中在講解每一個技術要點的時候，都會結閤大量的實踐經驗和案例，這讓整本書讀起來既有理論的深度，又有實踐的指導性。