The Meritocracy Trap

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Daniel Markovits
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Penguin Press 2019-9-10 Hardcover 9780735221994

具體描述

Daniel Markovits is Guido Calabresi Professor of Law at Yale Law School and founding director of the Center for the Study of Private Law.

A revolutionary new argument from eminent Yale Law professor Daniel Markovits attacking the false promise of meritocracy It is an axiom of American life that advantage should be earned through ability and effort. Even as the country divides itself at every turn, the meritocratic ideal - that social and economic rewards should follow achievement rather than breeding - reigns supreme. Both Democrats and Republicans insistently repeat meritocratic notions. Meritocracy cuts to the heart of who we are. It sustains the American dream. But what if, both up and down the social ladder, meritocracy is a sham? Today, meritocracy has become exactly what it was conceived to resist: a mechanism for the concentration and dynastic transmission of wealth and privilege across generations. Upward mobility has become a fantasy, and the embattled middle classes are now more likely to sink into the working poor than to rise into the professional elite. At the same time, meritocracy now ensnares even those who manage to claw their way to the top, requiring rich adults to work with crushing intensity, exploiting their expensive educations in order to extract a return. All this is not the result of deviations or retreats from meritocracy but rather stems directly from meritocracy's successes. This is the radical argument that Daniel Markovits prosecutes with rare force. Markovits is well placed to expose the sham of meritocracy. Having spent his life at elite universities, he knows from the inside the corrosive system we are trapped within. Markovits also knows that, if we understand that meritocratic inequality produces near-universal harm, we can cure it. When The Meritocracy Trap reveals the inner workings of the meritocratic machine, it also illuminates the first steps outward, towards a new world that might once again afford dignity and prosperity to the American people.

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##也許有知識社會學的讀法:What is conventionally called merit is actually an ideological conceit, constructed to launder a fundamentally unjust allocation of advantage. 作者分析瞭精英化對學術場域的影響,很貼近我的感受,之前也看到推上幾個經濟學教授在爭論。

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##批評的就是這種自以為“唯纔是舉”其實根本無視背後更深層不公平因素的評價體係。

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##關於今天的inequality以及直接反應齣的trump這樣的人當選, 有大量的討論。Dr. Markovits 歸因到唯材論。主要的支撐是1. 唯材論導緻高級工種需要的特殊精英教育以及專長使得高級工種的pay異常的高,同時擠壓普通中産工種的存在性;2.唯材論依靠的考評體係導緻精英教育的分化以...  

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