具體描述
編輯推薦
埃德加·沙因是美國麻省理工學院斯隆商學院教授,世界百位具有影響力的管理大師之一,企業文化理論之父,企業文化與組織心理學領域的開創者和奠基人,國際上享有盛譽的組織文化大師。
《新職業錨:職位和工作角色的戰略新規劃》一書的主要目標,是幫助職場人士重新定義他們的工作角色,並幫助他們適應不斷變化甚至有些動蕩的工作環境;幫助企業管理者與人力資源實時改進工作規劃以及進行工作診斷,並將這些變化傳達給繼任者。
湛廬文化齣品。 內容簡介
身處職場,你是否很難搞清楚一些利益相關者現在或未來對你的期望是什麼?如果關鍵利益相關者對你的期望的總和已經遠遠超齣瞭你的能力範圍,你該怎麼辦?而如果兩個或更多的利益相關者對你的期望互相衝突時,你又該如何抉擇?《新職業錨:職位和工作角色的戰略新規劃》一書對於職場人士可能麵臨的三個睏境,提齣瞭角色模糊、角色超載和角色衝突的概念,並結閤具體案例,給齣瞭解決方案。
著名管理大師、組織文化奠基人沙因教授在本書中為讀者如何構建職業生涯,如何麵臨職業挑戰給齣瞭明智的建議。書中分六步詳細講述瞭職位和工作角色的戰略新規劃,並提供瞭測試,以便讀者對自己過去和現在的工作進行比較;並適當留白,讓讀者記錄與自己目前工作相關的一些信息。這是企業管理者與人力資源必讀的一本書。 作者簡介
埃德加·沙因,美國麻省理工學院斯隆商學院教授,世界百位最具影響力的管理大師之一,企業文化理論之父,企業文化與組織心理學領域的開創者和奠基人,國際上享有盛譽的組織文化大師。在組織文化領域,他率先提齣瞭關於文化本質的概念,業界公認“企業文化”一詞是由他“創立”的,他還率先提齣瞭職業發展、職業錨、過程谘詢、強製性說服等概念。曾為蘋果、花旗、寶潔、摩托羅拉、惠普、殼牌、DEC、國際原子能機構等知名企業做管理谘詢。代錶作有:《組織文化與領導力》《沙因組織心理學》《職業錨》《企業文化生存指南》等。
精彩書評
★從斯隆商學院畢業後,我被聯閤國派往非洲工作,要處理很多文化融閤上的棘手問題,十分頭疼,於是我就跑迴斯隆請沙因教授齣馬,擔任我的谘詢顧問。有瞭他的幫助,問題迎刃而解。所以我一直特彆感謝我的老師埃德加·沙因。
——聯閤國前秘書長 科菲·安南
目錄
序言 當組織快速變化,工作角色頻繁轉換時
前言 職位和工作角色規劃該如何進行
01 從關鍵利益相關者到角色網絡
02 職位和工作角色分析與規劃的6大步驟
03 Step 1:盤點當前的職位和工作角色
04 Step 2:識彆環境中的變化
05 Step 3:評估環境變化對利益相關者期望的影響
06 Step 4:確定環境變化對職位和工作角色的影響
07 Step 5:重新定義工作要求
08 Step 6:擴大戰略性的職位和工作角色規劃活動
09 讓個體需求與組織需求保持一緻
譯者後記
精彩書摘
分析模糊、超載和衝突
關鍵利益相關者的期望確定後,你可能會注意到以下三個占主導地位的問題:角色模糊、角色超載和角色衝突。以下內容會為你如何處理這些情況提供一些指導性建議。
角色模糊
你首先會注意到:你很難搞清楚一些利益相關者現在或未來對你的期望是什麼,這就是所謂的角色模糊。目前,角色模糊問題在組織中越來越普遍。
如果你正在經曆角色模糊問題,可以有以下兩種選擇:
建立溝通渠道以減少模糊。與利益相關者交談,讓他們分享對你的期望或者主動將你的看法告訴他們,尋求他們的建議。
決定“與模糊共存”。觀察利益相關者未來的行為,直到你能夠把這些行為錶現當作綫索去理解他們想要的是什麼。
顯然,如果你能夠獲得“角色澄清”,那麼第一種選擇無疑是最佳的。然而,由於利益相關者可能並沒有意思到自己的期望是不清晰的。因此,你必須采取主動。
角色超載
第二個問題就是角色超載,即你意識到關鍵利益相關者對你期望的總和已經遠遠超齣瞭你的能力範圍。
如果幾個利益相關者不是同等重要,角色超載通常可以通過忽略不太重要的利益相關者的期望來應對。然而,這種應對方法往往會帶來一些麻煩。因為,被忽略的利益相關者可能會對此産生一些消極反應。
角色超載的第二種應對方法是:通過滿足利益相關者的部分期望來予以妥協。不幸的是,這可能會讓他們産生“你足以勝任”的錯覺。
實際上,應對角色超載最好的方法是與你的利益相關者溝通實際狀況,讓他們幫助你安排事務的輕重緩急。你需要厘清對他們而言什麼是最重要的。有時候,這些利益相關者可能甚至都不知道自己對你的所有期望。一旦你告訴他們你已經超載,他們纔能決定對其本人而言什麼纔是最重要的,或者他們纔願意授權你自己做齣決策。
角色衝突
當你意識到兩個或更多的利益相關者對你的期望互相衝突時,這就意味著發生瞭角色衝突。
角色衝突通常有三種錶現形式:
你的上級所期望的與你的下屬所期望的相衝突;
你的某個同事(利益相關者)所期望的與另一個同事(利益相關者)所期望的相衝突;
你的某個關鍵利益相關者所期望的與你的個人期望相衝突。
我們每個人都是自己工作的利益相關者,因為我們都有個人期望。通常,我們的本能決定瞭我們不需要任何理由就會去盡力實現自己的期望。這就容易使得我們在倫理道德和個人動機之間陷入兩難境地。
在以上各種情況中,與利益相關者重新進行角色協商是很重要的,這有利於減少衝突所造成的情感損失。當然,這也意味著你必須找到一種方法與利益相關者進行溝通,讓他們知道各自的期望是如何衝突的,這樣就可以使得他們參與到協商中來或者授權你來解決衝突。反之,如果你未經溝通單方麵地采取行動,就可能會産生一些消極的後果:比如,會導緻某個利益相關者對你失望,或給他留下你不情願或沒有能力去實現他的期望的印象。
在角色超載或角色衝突中,會有一種特殊情況,那就是傢庭或朋友的期望與工作的期望相衝突。這種“工作—傢庭”超載和“工作—傢庭”衝突正愈演愈烈,並且隨著組織邊界的模糊而日益嚴重。如果人們更多地選擇在傢工作,超載可能會減少。但是,在傢工作的前提是現有文化可以充分理解員工平衡“工作—傢庭”的責任和義務,而這一前提與當前人們對“組織—員工”關係的主流態度並不一緻。解決這類問題,不僅需要理解組織未來的發展形勢,而且需要與組織和傢庭進行復雜的溝通與協商。最後,也需要對工作的文化性質進行改變。
完成瞭當前的職位和工作角色分析後,需要繼續進行下一步:識彆環境中的變化。
……
前言/序言
大多數管理者和員工都一緻認為,組織正在快速地發生變化,而且這種變化的速度越來越快。其中,最主要的變化就是,對職位或工作本身的定義變得越來越不清晰瞭。如果真像人們所推測的那樣,減少層級、趨於扁平化和以項目為基礎進行工作是大勢所趨,那麼大多數管理型、專業型和技術型的員工將會發現,他們自身的工作角色正處於頻繁的轉換當中。
職位描述(job descriptions)將會變得越來越不適用,原因是:(1)職位描述是為瞭營造和維持組織的穩定性而設計的;(2)職位描述對於職位和工作角色是如何相互聯係的並沒有進行充分的說明。鑒於此,我們需要如下動態的過程:
允許任職者重新定義他們不斷變化的工作角色,並適應不斷變化甚至有些動蕩的環境;幫助主管和經理實時追蹤組織中工作角色所發生的變化,並將這些變化傳達給繼任者。
本書中所描述的“戰略性的職位和工作角色規劃”正是這樣一個動態的過程。書中講述的所有活動指南和概念性材料都是根據《職業動力學:將個人與組織的需要結閤起來》(Career Dynamics : Matching Individual and Organizational Needs)一書中首次公布的研究資料所撰寫的。此後,這種動態方法就在各種類型的組織中開始廣泛試用。
誰需要進行職位和工作角色規劃
每個人都應該定期地評估自己的工作情況,確定自己的職業目標能否與行業市場狀況、個人的長期規劃保持一緻。然而,下列幾類員工尤其需要把職位和工作角色規劃擺在優先考慮的位置。
正在經曆變化的組織中,那些技術型、專業型和管理型的員工及主管;
被列入繼任計劃和(或)負責下屬職業谘詢的管理者;對工作職責不確定、睏惑或接受瞭新任務的員工。
作為一名員工,職位和工作角色規劃將幫助你:
理解你的工作所處的社會網絡;確定你的工作要求和關鍵的利益相關者;增加你對於組織和組織動力學的理解;分析組織變革會給你造成的影響。
作為一名管理者,職位和工作角色規劃將幫助你:
理解你的工作是如何影響你的下屬的,以及他們對你的期望是什麼;嚮下屬解釋清楚工作要素的動態性,並嚮他們說明如何為將來的工作做準備;將你本人和下屬的工作與組織的使命和戰略聯係起來;進行更多、更有效的組織規劃和人力資源規劃。
navigatING a changing world: charting Your career through evolving landscapes In an era defined by unprecedented technological advancement, shifting economic paradigms, and evolving societal expectations, the very notion of a "job for life" has become increasingly elusive. The traditional career ladder, once a clearly defined path, now resembles a complex, interconnected web, demanding a new approach to professional development and personal fulfillment. This book delves into the dynamic nature of the modern workplace, not as a static entity, but as a constantly evolving ecosystem where adaptability, strategic foresight, and a profound understanding of one's own evolving capabilities are paramount to sustained success and enduring career satisfaction. We are living through a period of profound transformation, where industries are being reshaped at an astonishing pace. Automation, artificial intelligence, and the gig economy are not simply buzzwords; they are powerful forces actively restructuring the employment landscape. Roles that were once considered stable and secure are being redefined, and entirely new professions are emerging with breathtaking speed. This necessitates a fundamental re-evaluation of how we approach our professional lives. Gone are the days of simply climbing a pre-determined hierarchical structure. Instead, the contemporary professional must become a strategic navigator, capable of charting a course through this fluid terrain, anticipating future needs, and proactively shaping their own trajectory. This exploration begins by dissecting the very foundations of career planning in the 21st century. It moves beyond outdated notions of static job descriptions and fixed career paths to embrace a more dynamic and personalized perspective. We will investigate how the concept of a "career" itself has undergone a radical metamorphosis. 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It is about building resilience, fostering a mindset of perpetual learning, and embracing the idea that career progression may not always follow a straight line, but rather a series of strategic pivots and calculated adaptations. We will delve into the practical strategies for identifying and navigating these evolving landscapes. This includes understanding the critical importance of continuous learning, not just in formal educational settings, but through informal channels, on-the-job training, and the proactive pursuit of new knowledge and skills. The book will explore how to identify "future-proof" skills, those that are transferable across industries and resilient to automation. This might involve developing strong critical thinking abilities, enhancing problem-solving prowess, cultivating creativity, and mastering the art of effective communication and collaboration. These are the enduring human qualities that will continue to hold immense value regardless of technological advancements. Furthermore, the book will address the burgeoning influence of the "gig economy" and portfolio careers. For many, the traditional employer-employee relationship is being augmented or replaced by project-based work, freelance engagements, and the development of multiple income streams. This requires a different set of skills and a new entrepreneurial mindset. Readers will learn how to cultivate their personal brand, market their services effectively, and manage multiple projects and clients simultaneously. The emphasis will be on building a robust network, fostering strong client relationships, and developing the discipline and self-management necessary to thrive in a more independent work environment. The notion of "role planning" is equally critical. Instead of fixating on specific job titles, which may become obsolete, individuals are encouraged to think in terms of the roles they can fulfill and the value they can deliver. This involves understanding the underlying functions and responsibilities of various positions and identifying how one's skills can be applied to a diverse range of contexts. This broader perspective allows for greater flexibility and opens up new avenues for professional engagement. It encourages individuals to see themselves as providers of solutions and valuable contributors, rather than simply occupants of a particular position. This book will also explore the vital importance of building and leveraging professional networks. In an increasingly interconnected world, the people we know and the relationships we cultivate can be invaluable assets. We will discuss strategies for expanding one's network strategically, fostering meaningful connections, and understanding how to tap into collective knowledge and opportunities. This is not about superficial networking, but about building authentic relationships based on mutual respect and shared interests. Moreover, the psychological and emotional aspects of career navigation will be addressed. The constant flux of the modern workplace can be a source of anxiety. This book will offer insights into developing resilience, managing stress, and maintaining a positive outlook in the face of uncertainty. It will emphasize the importance of work-life integration, ensuring that professional ambitions do not come at the expense of personal well-being and fulfillment. Finding a sustainable balance is crucial for long-term career satisfaction and overall happiness. Ultimately, this book aims to empower individuals to take control of their professional destinies. It is a call to action, urging readers to move beyond passive acceptance of career trajectories and to embrace a proactive, strategic, and continuously evolving approach to their working lives. By understanding the forces shaping the modern workplace and by cultivating the skills and mindset necessary to adapt and thrive, individuals can not only survive but flourish in this dynamic and exciting new era of work. It is about transforming challenges into opportunities, uncertainty into a catalyst for innovation, and the pursuit of a fulfilling career into a lifelong journey of growth and discovery. This is not merely about finding a job; it is about crafting a meaningful and impactful professional life that aligns with one's evolving self and contributes positively to the world around us.