具體描述
作者簡介 Marva Collins taught school for two years in Alabama, then moved to Chicago, where she taught in public schools for 14 years. Her experiences in that system, coupled with her dissatisfaction with the quality of education that her two youngest children were receiving in prestigious private schools, convinced her that children deserved better than what was passing for acceptable education. She took the $5,000 balance in her school pension fund and opened her own school on the second floor of her home.
The Westside Preparatory School was founded in 1975 in Garfield Park, a Chicago inner-city area. During the first year, Collins took in learning disabled, problem children and even one child who had been labeled by Chicago public school authorities as borderline retarded. At the end of the first year, every child scored at least five grades higher proving that the previous labels placed on these children were misguided. 60 Minutes, visited her school for the second time in 1996. That little girl who had been labeled as border line retarded, graduated from college Summa Cum Laude. Marva's graduates entered colleges and universities, such as Harvard, Yale, and Stanford. They became physicians, lawyers, engineers, and educators. In 1996 she began supervising three Chicago public schools that had been placed on probation.
In 1981, she received the Award for Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged, an award given out annually by the Jefferson Awards. In 2004 she received a National Humanities Medal for her teaching and efforts at school reform. 媒體評論 "Why is this book by Marva Collins so important? It is because this book represents her life, her convictions, and her work. Indeed, America would be infinitely better served if Marva Collins' philosophy of education somehow could become franchised and implemented on a national scale."
—Alex Haley, author of ROOTS
"Collins' unswerving faith in the abilities of her students and her 'tough love' approach are inspirational."
—Library Journal
免費在綫讀 Marva Collins' Creed
"Society will draw a circle that shuts me out, but my superior thoughts will draw me in. I was born to win if I do not spend too much time trying to fail. I will ignore the tags and names given me by society since only I know what I have the ability to become.
Failure is just as easy to combat as success is to obtain. Education is painful and not gained by playing games. Yet it is my privilege to destroy myself if that is what I choose to do. I have the right to fail, but I do not have the right to take other people with me.
It is my right to care nothing about myself, but I must be willing to accept the consequences for that failure, and I must never think that those who have chosen to work, while I played, rested and slept, will share their bounties with me.
My success and my education can be companions that no misfortune can depress, no crime can destroy, and no enemy can alienate. Without education, man is a slave, a savage wandering from here to there believing whatever he is told.
Time and chance come to us all. I can be either hesitant or courageous. I can swiftly stand up and shout: "This is my time and my place. I will accept the challenge." 商品詳情 Marva Collins offers a beacon of hope in the midst of America's educational crises. Collins recounts her successful teaching strategies and offers inspirational advice on how to motivate children to fulfill their potential. This updated edition contains a new epilogue for parents and teachers.
教學的藝術與科學:深度探索優秀教育傢的實踐之路 本書旨在為教育工作者、師範專業學生以及所有對提升教學效能抱有熱忱的人們,提供一個全麵、深入且極具操作性的視角,來審視和實踐卓越的教學方法。我們深知,教育並非簡單的知識傳遞,而是一門融閤瞭心理學、社會學、人文學科精髓的復雜藝術,要求實踐者具備高度的敏感性、嚴謹的邏輯思辨能力和持續的自我革新精神。本書將從理論基石到課堂實戰,層層遞進地構建一個穩固的教學框架。 第一部分:教育哲學的重塑與基石的構建 成功的教學始於清晰且堅實的哲學立場。本部分著重探討當前教育領域的核心思潮,幫助讀者辨識並確立適閤自身教學環境和學生群體的核心信念。 第一章:範式轉移——從知識灌輸到能力構建 本章首先批判性地審視瞭工業時代遺留下來的標準化、綫性的教學模式。我們深入剖析瞭建構主義、認知負荷理論以及社會文化學習理論(以維果茨基的理論為核心)如何挑戰傳統觀點。重點討論瞭“做中學”(Learning by Doing)的真正含義,它不僅僅是簡單的動手操作,而是指在真實情境中,通過解決復雜問題來促進深層理解和知識遷移的過程。我們將分析有效提問在引導學生建構知識體係中的決定性作用,並提供一套用於評估學生當前認知水平的工具。 第二章:學習者的心智地圖——理解差異化學習的本質 我們深信,每一位學生都是一個獨一無二的認知係統。本章將聚焦於如何繪製和理解“學習者心智地圖”。這包括對不同學習風格(如視覺型、聽覺型、動覺型)、信息處理速度差異以及先備知識結構差異的細緻考察。我們引入瞭“近期發展區”(ZPD)的概念,並提供瞭一係列基於數據的、實時的診斷性評估技術,用以精準定位學生的“可塑性區域”。此外,本章還將討論如何設計具有“腳手架”(Scaffolding)機製的教學活動,確保內容既具有挑戰性,又不至於造成焦慮和阻礙。 第三章:情感聯結與課堂氣候的營造 教學效果與課堂的情感氛圍息息相關。本章探討瞭教育心理學中關於動機理論的關鍵發現,如自我決定理論(SDT)中的自主性、勝任感和歸屬感如何驅動內在學習動機。我們提供瞭一套“積極性反饋循環”構建指南,強調瞭非懲罰性錯誤文化的重要性。課堂管理將被重新定義為“積極性引導”,關注如何通過明確的期望、一緻的規則和對學生能動性的尊重,來建立一個既安全又富有活力的學習環境。 第二部分:課程設計與內容深潛的策略 本部分將視角轉嚮教學實施的核心——課程的精心編排與內容的有效呈現。重點在於如何將抽象概念轉化為具體、可理解且具有持久影響力的學習體驗。 第四章:內容的“解構”與知識的層級化呈現 如何將復雜的學科知識“切片”並按照邏輯和認知難度進行排序,是課程設計的核心挑戰。本章詳細介紹瞭“螺鏇式課程設計”(Spiral Curriculum)的應用,強調關鍵概念應該在不同深度和復雜度上反復迴歸。我們將分析如何利用“概念圖”(Concept Mapping)和“思維導圖”來可視化知識間的內在聯係,幫助學生建立宏觀的認知結構。特彆關注“大概念”(Big Ideas)的提煉,確保教學活動緊密圍繞學科的核心驅動力展開。 第五章:精妙的講解藝術——清晰度、節奏與敘事的力量 教師的講解是知識傳遞的直接載體。本章聚焦於口頭錶達的技巧,遠超發音清晰的範疇。我們將分析“認知負荷管理”在講解中的應用,即如何通過分塊講解(Chunking)、使用類比(Analogies)和隱喻(Metaphors)來減輕學生的短期記憶負擔。節奏的控製、停頓的運用以及如何巧妙地將個人經驗和領域內的“故事”融入講解,以增強記憶的鈎子,都將是本章的實踐重點。 第六章:從練習到精通——作業與評估的閉環反饋係統 作業的價值不在於數量,而在於其反饋的質量和對未來學習的指導性。本章詳細論述瞭“形成性評估”(Formative Assessment)在日常教學中的無縫集成。我們提供瞭多種低風險、高信息量的形成性評估工具(如“一分鍾論文”、“拇指定嚮”等),並強調瞭有效反饋的四個要素:具體性、可操作性、時效性和麵嚮未來的指嚮性。同時,本章也探討瞭如何設計高階思維能力的總結性評估,確保評估真正衡量的是應用和創造能力,而非單純的記憶復述。 第三部分:差異化教學與課堂的動態管理 卓越的教學者能夠在同一間教室中滿足數十種不同的需求。本部分專注於動態調整策略和技術,以應對課堂中的多變性。 第七章:實現真正的差異化:分組、任務與資源的靈活調配 差異化教學並非簡單地為優秀學生提供額外閱讀材料。本章深入探討瞭“靈活分組”的藝術,如何根據任務目標(如技能練習、概念探索、項目閤作)在不同時間點,對學生進行最優化的臨時組閤。我們將介紹基於興趣、能力和學習方式的三維差異化矩陣,並提供具體的課程內容改造藍本,例如如何針對同一目標,設計三種不同復雜度的任務卡。 第八章:批判性思維的培育——蘇格拉底式探究的應用 批判性思維是高等教育和未來職業成功的基石。本章將蘇格拉底問答法提升到係統化實踐層麵。我們提供瞭一套“探究性問題序列”,旨在引導學生從描述性問題逐步深入到假設性、規範性和元認知層麵的思考。重點分析瞭如何識彆和解構論證中的謬誤(Logical Fallacies),並提供練習,教會學生如何構建清晰、有說服力的論點和反駁。 第九章:教學的反思與持續的專業成長 專業成長是一個永無止境的過程。本章強調瞭“反思性實踐”的重要性。我們介紹瞭“行動研究”(Action Research)的簡化模型,鼓勵教師將自己的課堂視為小型實驗室。建議的實踐包括:教學日誌的結構化撰寫、同行觀摩後的深度反饋流程(Focus on specific instructional moves, not general impressions),以及如何利用視頻錄像進行自我診斷。最終目標是培養一種能夠自我校準、持續優化的教育傢心智。 本書的宗旨是提供一套係統化、可操作的藍圖,它要求教育者超越教材的錶麵,深入理解學習的機製,從而構建一個真正賦能學生的學習生態係統。