具体描述
作者简介 Marva Collins taught school for two years in Alabama, then moved to Chicago, where she taught in public schools for 14 years. Her experiences in that system, coupled with her dissatisfaction with the quality of education that her two youngest children were receiving in prestigious private schools, convinced her that children deserved better than what was passing for acceptable education. She took the $5,000 balance in her school pension fund and opened her own school on the second floor of her home.
The Westside Preparatory School was founded in 1975 in Garfield Park, a Chicago inner-city area. During the first year, Collins took in learning disabled, problem children and even one child who had been labeled by Chicago public school authorities as borderline retarded. At the end of the first year, every child scored at least five grades higher proving that the previous labels placed on these children were misguided. 60 Minutes, visited her school for the second time in 1996. That little girl who had been labeled as border line retarded, graduated from college Summa Cum Laude. Marva's graduates entered colleges and universities, such as Harvard, Yale, and Stanford. They became physicians, lawyers, engineers, and educators. In 1996 she began supervising three Chicago public schools that had been placed on probation.
In 1981, she received the Award for Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged, an award given out annually by the Jefferson Awards. In 2004 she received a National Humanities Medal for her teaching and efforts at school reform. 媒体评论 "Why is this book by Marva Collins so important? It is because this book represents her life, her convictions, and her work. Indeed, America would be infinitely better served if Marva Collins' philosophy of education somehow could become franchised and implemented on a national scale."
—Alex Haley, author of ROOTS
"Collins' unswerving faith in the abilities of her students and her 'tough love' approach are inspirational."
—Library Journal
免费在线读 Marva Collins' Creed
"Society will draw a circle that shuts me out, but my superior thoughts will draw me in. I was born to win if I do not spend too much time trying to fail. I will ignore the tags and names given me by society since only I know what I have the ability to become.
Failure is just as easy to combat as success is to obtain. Education is painful and not gained by playing games. Yet it is my privilege to destroy myself if that is what I choose to do. I have the right to fail, but I do not have the right to take other people with me.
It is my right to care nothing about myself, but I must be willing to accept the consequences for that failure, and I must never think that those who have chosen to work, while I played, rested and slept, will share their bounties with me.
My success and my education can be companions that no misfortune can depress, no crime can destroy, and no enemy can alienate. Without education, man is a slave, a savage wandering from here to there believing whatever he is told.
Time and chance come to us all. I can be either hesitant or courageous. I can swiftly stand up and shout: "This is my time and my place. I will accept the challenge." 商品详情 Marva Collins offers a beacon of hope in the midst of America's educational crises. Collins recounts her successful teaching strategies and offers inspirational advice on how to motivate children to fulfill their potential. This updated edition contains a new epilogue for parents and teachers.
教学的艺术与科学:深度探索优秀教育家的实践之路 本书旨在为教育工作者、师范专业学生以及所有对提升教学效能抱有热忱的人们,提供一个全面、深入且极具操作性的视角,来审视和实践卓越的教学方法。我们深知,教育并非简单的知识传递,而是一门融合了心理学、社会学、人文学科精髓的复杂艺术,要求实践者具备高度的敏感性、严谨的逻辑思辨能力和持续的自我革新精神。本书将从理论基石到课堂实战,层层递进地构建一个稳固的教学框架。 第一部分:教育哲学的重塑与基石的构建 成功的教学始于清晰且坚实的哲学立场。本部分着重探讨当前教育领域的核心思潮,帮助读者辨识并确立适合自身教学环境和学生群体的核心信念。 第一章:范式转移——从知识灌输到能力构建 本章首先批判性地审视了工业时代遗留下来的标准化、线性的教学模式。我们深入剖析了建构主义、认知负荷理论以及社会文化学习理论(以维果茨基的理论为核心)如何挑战传统观点。重点讨论了“做中学”(Learning by Doing)的真正含义,它不仅仅是简单的动手操作,而是指在真实情境中,通过解决复杂问题来促进深层理解和知识迁移的过程。我们将分析有效提问在引导学生建构知识体系中的决定性作用,并提供一套用于评估学生当前认知水平的工具。 第二章:学习者的心智地图——理解差异化学习的本质 我们深信,每一位学生都是一个独一无二的认知系统。本章将聚焦于如何绘制和理解“学习者心智地图”。这包括对不同学习风格(如视觉型、听觉型、动觉型)、信息处理速度差异以及先备知识结构差异的细致考察。我们引入了“近期发展区”(ZPD)的概念,并提供了一系列基于数据的、实时的诊断性评估技术,用以精准定位学生的“可塑性区域”。此外,本章还将讨论如何设计具有“脚手架”(Scaffolding)机制的教学活动,确保内容既具有挑战性,又不至于造成焦虑和阻碍。 第三章:情感联结与课堂气候的营造 教学效果与课堂的情感氛围息息相关。本章探讨了教育心理学中关于动机理论的关键发现,如自我决定理论(SDT)中的自主性、胜任感和归属感如何驱动内在学习动机。我们提供了一套“积极性反馈循环”构建指南,强调了非惩罚性错误文化的重要性。课堂管理将被重新定义为“积极性引导”,关注如何通过明确的期望、一致的规则和对学生能动性的尊重,来建立一个既安全又富有活力的学习环境。 第二部分:课程设计与内容深潜的策略 本部分将视角转向教学实施的核心——课程的精心编排与内容的有效呈现。重点在于如何将抽象概念转化为具体、可理解且具有持久影响力的学习体验。 第四章:内容的“解构”与知识的层级化呈现 如何将复杂的学科知识“切片”并按照逻辑和认知难度进行排序,是课程设计的核心挑战。本章详细介绍了“螺旋式课程设计”(Spiral Curriculum)的应用,强调关键概念应该在不同深度和复杂度上反复回归。我们将分析如何利用“概念图”(Concept Mapping)和“思维导图”来可视化知识间的内在联系,帮助学生建立宏观的认知结构。特别关注“大概念”(Big Ideas)的提炼,确保教学活动紧密围绕学科的核心驱动力展开。 第五章:精妙的讲解艺术——清晰度、节奏与叙事的力量 教师的讲解是知识传递的直接载体。本章聚焦于口头表达的技巧,远超发音清晰的范畴。我们将分析“认知负荷管理”在讲解中的应用,即如何通过分块讲解(Chunking)、使用类比(Analogies)和隐喻(Metaphors)来减轻学生的短期记忆负担。节奏的控制、停顿的运用以及如何巧妙地将个人经验和领域内的“故事”融入讲解,以增强记忆的钩子,都将是本章的实践重点。 第六章:从练习到精通——作业与评估的闭环反馈系统 作业的价值不在于数量,而在于其反馈的质量和对未来学习的指导性。本章详细论述了“形成性评估”(Formative Assessment)在日常教学中的无缝集成。我们提供了多种低风险、高信息量的形成性评估工具(如“一分钟论文”、“拇指定向”等),并强调了有效反馈的四个要素:具体性、可操作性、时效性和面向未来的指向性。同时,本章也探讨了如何设计高阶思维能力的总结性评估,确保评估真正衡量的是应用和创造能力,而非单纯的记忆复述。 第三部分:差异化教学与课堂的动态管理 卓越的教学者能够在同一间教室中满足数十种不同的需求。本部分专注于动态调整策略和技术,以应对课堂中的多变性。 第七章:实现真正的差异化:分组、任务与资源的灵活调配 差异化教学并非简单地为优秀学生提供额外阅读材料。本章深入探讨了“灵活分组”的艺术,如何根据任务目标(如技能练习、概念探索、项目合作)在不同时间点,对学生进行最优化的临时组合。我们将介绍基于兴趣、能力和学习方式的三维差异化矩阵,并提供具体的课程内容改造蓝本,例如如何针对同一目标,设计三种不同复杂度的任务卡。 第八章:批判性思维的培育——苏格拉底式探究的应用 批判性思维是高等教育和未来职业成功的基石。本章将苏格拉底问答法提升到系统化实践层面。我们提供了一套“探究性问题序列”,旨在引导学生从描述性问题逐步深入到假设性、规范性和元认知层面的思考。重点分析了如何识别和解构论证中的谬误(Logical Fallacies),并提供练习,教会学生如何构建清晰、有说服力的论点和反驳。 第九章:教学的反思与持续的专业成长 专业成长是一个永无止境的过程。本章强调了“反思性实践”的重要性。我们介绍了“行动研究”(Action Research)的简化模型,鼓励教师将自己的课堂视为小型实验室。建议的实践包括:教学日志的结构化撰写、同行观摩后的深度反馈流程(Focus on specific instructional moves, not general impressions),以及如何利用视频录像进行自我诊断。最终目标是培养一种能够自我校准、持续优化的教育家心智。 本书的宗旨是提供一套系统化、可操作的蓝图,它要求教育者超越教材的表面,深入理解学习的机制,从而构建一个真正赋能学生的学习生态系统。