書名:宇宙膨脹和大尺度結構
定價:86.00元
售價:64.5元,便宜21.5元,摺扣75
作者:(英)安德魯(Andrew,R.L)
齣版社:世界圖書齣版公司
齣版日期:2009-01-01
ISBN:9787506292788
字數:
頁碼:
版次:1
裝幀:平裝
開本:16開
商品重量:0.740kg
The 1990s have seen substantial consolidation of theoretical cosmology, coupled with dramatic observational advances, including the emergence of an entirely new field of observational astronomy - the study of irregularities in the cosmic microwave background radiation. A key idea of modem cosmology is cosmological inflation, which is a possible theory for the origin of all structures in the Universe, including ourselves! The time is ripe for a new book describing this field of research.
Frequently used symbols
Preface
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 This book
1.2 The Universe we see
1.3 Overview: From cosmological inflation to large-scale structure
1.4 Notes on examples
2 THE HOT BIG BANG COSMOLOGY
2.1 The expanding Universe
2.2 Epochs
2.3 Scales
2.4 The cosmic microwave background
2.5 Ingredients for a model of the Universe
2.6 History of our Universe
Examples
3 INFLATION
3.1 Motivation for inflation
3.2 Inflation in the abstract
3.3 Scalar fields in cosmology
3.4 Slow-roll inflation
3.5 Exact solutions
3.6 Hamilton-Jacobi formulation of inflation
3.7 Inflationary attractor
3.8 Reheating: Recovering the Hot Big Bang
3.9 Thermal inflation
Examples
4 SIMPLEST MODEL FOR THE ORIGIN OF STRUCTURE I
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Sequence of events
4.3 Gaussian perturbations
4.4 Density perturbation: Newtonian treatment
4.5 The Baryon density contrast: Newtonian treatment
4.6 Cosmological perturbation theory
4.7 Evolution equations
4.8 Outside the horizon
4.9 Peculiar velocity in the relativistic domain
Examples
5 SIMPLEST MODEL FOR THE ORIGIN OF STRUCTURE II
5.1 From horizon entry to galaxy formation
5.2 The cosmic microwave background anisotropy
5.3 Polarization
5.4 Reionization
Examples
6 EXTENSIONS TO THE SIMPLEST MODEL
6.1 Modifying the cold dark matter hypothesis
6.2 ACDM model
6.3 Open CDM model
6.4 Fine tuning issues
6.5 Gravitational waves
6.6 Isocurvature perturbations
Examples
7 SCALAR FIELDS AND THE VACUUM FLUCTUATION
7.1 Classical scalar field
7.2 Quantized free scalar field in fiat space-time
7.3 Several scalar fields
7.4 Vacuum fluctuation of inflaton field
7.5 Spectrum of the primordial curvature perturbation
7.6 Beyond the slow-roll approximation
7.7 Gravitational waves
7.8 Generating an isocurvature perturbation
7.9 A multiponent inflaton
Examples
8 BUILDING AND TESTING MODELS OF INFLATION
8.1 Overview
8.2 Form of the scalar field potential
8.3 Single-field models
8.4 Hybrid inflation models
8.5 The spectral index as a discriminator
8.6 Models from extended theories of gravity
8.7 Open inflation models
Examples
9 THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND
9.1 Large angles and the cosmic background explorer (COBE) satellite
9.2 Degree-scale observations and acoustic oscillations
9.3 Aspects of microwave anisotropy satellites
Examples
10 GALAXY MOTIONS AND CLUSTERING
10.1 Clustering of galaxies
10.2 Galaxy velocities
Examples
11 THE QUASI-LINEAR REGIME
11.1 Gravitational collapse
11.2 Press-Schechter theory
11.3 Theory of peaks
11.4 Numerical simulations
11.5 Applications of Press-Schechter theory
11.6 Reionization of the Universe
Examples
12 PUTTING OBSERVATIONS TOGETHER
12.1 Observations
12.2 Critical-density models
12.3 Low-density models
12.4 Other options
12.5 Summary
13 OUTLOOK FOR THE FUTURE
14 ADVANCED TOPIC: COSMOLOGICAL PERTURBATION THEORY
14.1 Special relativity
14.2 Fluid flow in special relativity
14.3 Special relativity using generic coordinates
14.4 General relativity
14.5 Cosmological perturbations
14.6 Evolution of the perturbations
Examples
15 ADVANCED TOPIC: DIFFUSION AND FREESTREAMING
15.1 Matter
15.2 Gas dynamics in flat space-time
15.3 Gas dynamics in the perturbed Universe
15.4 Multipoles and the Boltzmann hierarchy
15.5 Polarization
15.6 Initial conditions and the u'ansfer functions
Examples
Appendix: Constants and parameters
Numerical solutions and hints for selected examples
References
Index
對於一個非專業讀者來說,這本書的深度是挑戰,但同時也是樂趣所在。我必須承認,有些關於‘柳樹定律’或是‘相場模型’的討論,我需要反復閱讀纔能領會其精髓。但作者的魅力就在於,即使在最深奧的部分,他也總能找到一個接地氣的類比。比如,當他解釋‘宇宙微波背景’的各嚮異性時,他沒有堆砌愛因斯坦方程,而是用瞭一個關於‘烘烤蛋糕’的例子,說明溫度的微小差異如何決定瞭最終的‘結構’。這讓我對‘尺度’的概念有瞭全新的認識——在宇宙尺度上,‘微小’的偏差往往決定瞭‘巨大’的未來。這本書的結構安排也很巧妙,它不像教科書那樣死闆,更像是一場由不同領域的專傢引導的、跨學科的沙龍對話。
評分這本書,我拿起來的時候就覺得它的標題帶著一股子宏大敘事的氣息,但讀進去之後,纔發現它遠不止於此。作者的筆觸非常細膩,尤其是在描繪早期宇宙背景輻射的那些章節,簡直就像一幅幅流動的水彩畫。我本來以為會是一本枯燥的物理教材,但裏麵關於‘結構形成’的論述,卻充滿瞭哲學思辨的味道。它沒有直接告訴你‘暗物質’到底是什麼,而是通過解釋觀測到的星係團是如何在引力作用下‘凝聚’的,讓你自己去體會那種宇宙尺度的‘聚閤美學’。讀到後麵,你會發現,我們對宇宙的理解,其實就是對‘為什麼現在是這個樣子’的一種不斷追問。那種從均勻到不均勻的轉變過程,被寫得非常富有戲劇性,仿佛宇宙本身就是一個巨大的、緩慢展開的史詩。我特彆喜歡其中一個比喻,把宇宙網比作一張拉伸到極緻的、有著各種孔洞的橡膠膜,每一個節點都是一個星係團的雛形,這個畫麵感極強。
評分這本書的敘述節奏把握得極好,它沒有一下子就把你推入那些復雜的數學模型裏,而是采取瞭一種‘層層遞進’的講解方式。一開始,你隻是跟著作者在‘想象’那些看不見的暗能量是如何推動星係加速遠離的,那種‘被推著走’的無力感,讓人深思。但最精彩的部分,是作者引入瞭‘重子聲學振蕩’的這個概念。我之前對這個詞隻是模糊的印象,但在這裏,它被解釋得如此清晰,仿佛作者親自帶你穿越迴幾十億年前,去‘傾聽’那些宇宙初期的聲波留下的‘指紋’。這種將宏大理論與微小波動聯係起來的寫作技巧,非常高明。它讓你明白,我們現在看到的星係分布圖,其實是那個遙遠年代‘聲音’的迴聲。讀完這部分,我甚至開始懷疑,我們所感知的‘空間’本身,是不是也帶著某種‘頻率’上的信息。
評分這本書給我的最大感受是‘敬畏’。它不僅僅是關於‘東西’是怎麼運動的,更是關於‘為什麼’它們以這種方式組織起來。作者在探討‘大尺度結構’的演化時,引入瞭大量的觀測數據——那些星係紅移巡天的結果,被描繪得如同星辰大海的‘族譜’。我尤其被‘星係團’的形成過程所震撼。想象一下,原本彌散在真空中的物質,是如何在引力的‘雕塑’下,耗費瞭上百億年,纔最終凝結成我們今天看到的那些龐大、引力束縛的‘島嶼’。這其中蘊含的‘時間’和‘物質’的尺度感,是任何科幻小說都無法比擬的。讀完之後,我看待夜空的方式都變瞭,不再隻是看到閃爍的光點,而是看到這些光點背後,那張無比復雜、仍在不斷生長的‘宇宙網’的縴維。
評分這本書的寫作風格是那種非常剋製而又充滿力量的風格。它避免瞭過度的煽情,但其所描繪的宇宙圖景本身就帶著一種不可抗拒的史詩感。我尤其欣賞作者在分析‘霍金輻射’和‘信息悖論’時所展現齣的嚴謹態度,雖然這部分內容似乎是‘跨界’的,但它有效地解釋瞭我們目前對宇宙‘邊緣’狀態的理解。它告訴你,我們對‘膨脹’的認識,必須建立在對‘終極命運’的猜想之上。與其說這是一本物理書,不如說這是一部關於‘存在’的編年史。它讓你體會到,我們所處的‘現在’,不過是這場宇宙大戲中一個極其短暫的、但又至關重要的‘快照’。閱讀過程像是在攀登一座信息量巨大的山峰,雖然辛苦,但頂峰的視野絕對值得。
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