店鋪： 萬捲軒圖書專營店
齣版社： 中國農業齣版社
ISBN：9787109236097
商品編碼：29850808074
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書名：水葫蘆監測與防治
定價：48.00元
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齣版社：中國農業齣版社
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ISBN：9787109236097
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版次：1
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商品重量：0.4kg
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aquatic invasives: an ecological and management perspective introduction aquatic invasive species (ais) pose a significant threat to freshwater ecosystems worldwide, disrupting biodiversity, altering ecosystem functions, and impacting human economies. these non-native organisms, ranging from plants and invertebrates to fish and pathogens, often outcompete native species for resources, introduce diseases, and modify habitats. understanding the ecological dynamics of ais, their pathways of introduction and spread, and developing effective management strategies are crucial for preserving the health and resilience of our aquatic environments. this book delves into the multifaceted challenges presented by ais, offering a comprehensive overview of their ecological impacts and exploring a range of innovative and practical approaches to their monitoring and control. chapter 1: the ecological menace of aquatic invasive species this chapter lays the groundwork for understanding the profound ecological consequences of ais. it begins by defining what constitutes an invasive species, differentiating between non-native, introduced, and truly invasive organisms based on their ecological and economic impacts. the chapter then explores the biological traits that often contribute to the invasiveness of certain species, such as rapid reproduction rates, high dispersal capabilities, broad environmental tolerances, and a lack of natural predators or diseases in their new environment. we will examine the diverse mechanisms by which ais impact native ecosystems. this includes competition for resources, where invasive species may outcompete native flora and fauna for light, nutrients, space, and food. this can lead to declines in native populations and even local extinctions. the chapter will detail how invasive plants can form dense monocultures, shading out native aquatic vegetation and reducing habitat complexity. similarly, invasive invertebrates can decimate native food sources for fish and other aquatic organisms. another critical impact discussed is habitat alteration. many ais fundamentally change the physical and chemical characteristics of aquatic environments. for instance, invasive filter feeders can dramatically alter water clarity and nutrient cycling. invasive plants can clog waterways, impede water flow, and reduce dissolved oxygen levels, creating unfavorable conditions for native species. the introduction of novel diseases and parasites by ais is also a significant concern, potentially devastating native populations that have no evolved defenses. the chapter will further explore the trophic cascades initiated by ais. the introduction of a highly voracious predator or a dominant primary producer can have ripple effects throughout the food web, altering predator-prey relationships, and impacting community structure and stability. we will discuss examples of how invasive fish species have decimated native invertebrate and fish populations, and how invasive zooplankton have altered the food available for native zooplankton feeders. finally, the ecological chapter will touch upon the concept of hybridization. in some cases, invasive species can hybridize with native species, leading to genetic assimilation and the potential loss of unique native genetic lineages. this presents a significant conservation challenge, as it can lead to the erosion of native biodiversity at a genetic level. chapter 2: pathways and mechanisms of aquatic invasive species introduction and spread understanding how ais enter and disperse is fundamental to preventing their establishment and managing their spread. this chapter dissects the various pathways through which these species move across landscapes and into new aquatic systems. natural dispersal is a key, albeit often slow, mechanism. this includes the movement of organisms via currents, wind-driven transport of propagules, and the passive transport by animals (e.g., seeds attached to feathers or fur). however, the impact of human activities has dramatically accelerated the rates and distances of dispersal. human-mediated introductions are the primary drivers of ais invasions. the chapter will detail the most significant vectors: ballast water from ships: international shipping is a major culprit, transporting vast quantities of water containing organisms from one continent to another. the chapter will discuss the ecological implications of ballast water and the international efforts and technologies being developed to mitigate this threat. hull fouling: organisms attaching to the hulls of vessels can also be transported across oceans and between freshwater systems. aquaculture and the aquarium trade: the deliberate or accidental release of non-native species used in aquaculture or kept as pets is a significant source of ais. this includes both intentional stocking and escapes due to inadequate containment. recreational boating and fishing: the movement of boats between water bodies can transport aquatic organisms attached to trailers, hulls, or in live wells. similarly, the intentional or unintentional release of baitfish can introduce new species. inter-basin water transfers and canals: artificial connections between water systems can create highways for ais to move into previously isolated areas. aquatic research and education: while well-intentioned, the movement of aquatic organisms for research or educational purposes can inadvertently lead to introductions if proper containment and disposal protocols are not followed. the chapter will also examine the factors influencing establishment and spread once an organism arrives in a new environment. this includes the suitability of the new habitat (temperature, salinity, nutrient levels), the availability of food resources, the absence of predators and diseases, and the species' own adaptive capacity. the role of disturbed ecosystems as being more susceptible to invasion is also highlighted, as human activities often create conditions that favor invasive species over less competitive native ones. chapter 3: monitoring strategies for aquatic invasive species early detection and rapid response are critical for effective ais management. this chapter focuses on the diverse monitoring techniques employed to identify the presence and distribution of invasive species. traditional monitoring methods form the foundation of many surveillance programs. these include: visual surveys: direct observation by trained personnel in boats, shorelines, or through diving. this is particularly effective for larger, more conspicuous species. the chapter will discuss the advantages and limitations of visual surveys, including observer bias and the difficulty of detecting cryptic species or early life stages. netting and trapping: various types of nets (e.g., seine nets, gill nets) and traps (e.g., minnow traps, fyke nets) are used to capture aquatic organisms and assess species composition. the chapter will provide an overview of different netting and trapping techniques and their suitability for various species and habitats. literature review and historical data analysis: examining existing scientific literature, government reports, and historical records can provide valuable insights into past introductions and current distributions. advances in technology are revolutionizing ais monitoring. this chapter will explore emerging monitoring techniques: environmental dna (eDNA): this non-invasive technique involves collecting water or sediment samples and analyzing them for trace amounts of dna shed by organisms. the chapter will detail the principles of eDNA analysis, its advantages (sensitivity, ability to detect rare or elusive species), and its current applications and limitations in ais monitoring. remote sensing and aerial imagery: satellite and aerial imagery can be used to detect changes in vegetation cover and water quality that may be indicative of ais presence, particularly for dense aquatic plant invasions. acoustic monitoring: in some cases, acoustic devices can be used to detect the presence of certain fish species or to assess habitat conditions altered by invasives. citizen science: engaging the public in monitoring efforts can significantly expand the spatial and temporal coverage of surveillance programs. the chapter will discuss the successful implementation of citizen science initiatives, including training protocols, data validation, and the integration of citizen science data into formal monitoring frameworks. the chapter will also emphasize the importance of risk assessment and prioritization in monitoring. not all ais pose the same threat, and resources are often limited. therefore, this section will cover how to identify high-priority species and high-risk areas for surveillance based on factors such as invasiveness potential, economic and ecological impacts, and proximity to pathways of introduction. chapter 4: control and management strategies for aquatic invasive species once ais are detected, effective control and management strategies are essential to mitigate their impacts. this chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the various approaches used to manage invasive populations. prevention remains the most cost-effective strategy. the chapter will reiterate the importance of regulations and best management practices for preventing introductions, drawing on lessons learned from ballast water management, recreational boater education, and trade regulations. when prevention fails, control measures are implemented. these are broadly categorized as: physical and mechanical control: this involves physically removing invasive organisms. examples include manual removal of aquatic plants, harvesting of invasive fish, and the use of barriers or screens to prevent further spread. the chapter will discuss the effectiveness, cost, and limitations of these methods, especially for large-scale invasions. chemical control: the use of approved herbicides and pesticides can be effective in reducing invasive plant and animal populations. however, this approach requires careful consideration of non-target impacts, water quality, and regulatory approvals. the chapter will discuss the principles of selective chemical control, risk assessment, and the importance of integrated pest management principles. biological control: this involves introducing natural enemies (predators, parasites, or pathogens) from the invasive species' native range to control its population. the chapter will explore the rigorous scientific protocols required for evaluating the safety and efficacy of biological control agents, highlighting both successes and cautionary tales. habitat manipulation and restoration: in some cases, altering habitat conditions can make them less favorable for invasive species and more favorable for native ones. this can include measures such as managing water levels, restoring native vegetation, or improving water quality. the chapter will also discuss integrated management approaches. often, a combination of control methods is most effective. this integrated pest management (ipm) framework emphasizes a holistic approach, combining multiple strategies in a coordinated manner to achieve sustainable control. furthermore, the chapter will address the challenges of long-term management and adaptive strategies. ais management is rarely a one-time effort. it often requires ongoing monitoring and adaptive adjustments to control strategies as conditions change and new information becomes available. the importance of collaboration and stakeholder engagement involving government agencies, researchers, private landowners, and the public in developing and implementing management plans will be highlighted. finally, the chapter will touch upon the economic and social considerations of ais management, including the costs of control and the benefits of preserving native ecosystems. it will also explore the role of policy and legislation in supporting ais management efforts. conclusion aquatic invasive species represent a persistent and growing threat to the ecological integrity and economic value of our freshwater resources. this book has provided a detailed exploration of their ecological impacts, the intricate pathways of their introduction and spread, the sophisticated tools available for their monitoring, and the diverse array of strategies employed for their control and management. by fostering a deeper understanding of these complex issues and by promoting the adoption of proactive and integrated approaches, we can collectively work towards safeguarding our precious aquatic ecosystems for future generations. the ongoing battle against aquatic invasives demands continuous research, innovation, and a shared commitment to ecological stewardship.
用戶評價
評分
這本書的書名引起瞭我極大的興趣。“水葫蘆”這個名字總讓我想起童年時在池塘邊玩耍的場景，那種漂浮著、長著翠綠葉片的植物，雖然美麗，但有時也確實會瘋長，影響水體。而“監測與防治”則透露齣瞭一種科學嚴謹的態度，似乎這本書將深入探討如何理解這種植物的生長規律，以及如何有效地管理它，而不是簡單地呼籲清除。我一直對生態平衡和環境保護的話題很關注，尤其是那些看似不起眼但卻能産生巨大影響的物種。想象一下，這本書可能會從水葫蘆的起源、傳播方式講起，然後深入到它對水生態係統的具體影響，比如對水中氧氣含量的影響，對其他水生生物生存空間的擠壓，甚至可能提到它對航運和水利設施的阻礙。接著，它會提齣一係列的監測方法，可能包括實地考察、遙感技術，甚至是生物標記等。最後，便是重點的“防治”部分，我期待能讀到各種各樣的治理手段，從物理方法（如人工打撈、機械清除）到化學方法（是否會介紹一些環保型的藥劑？），再到生物防治（比如引入天敵？），甚至可能還會探討一些創新性的技術。這本書的書號我也記下瞭，9787109236097，方便我以後查找。總之，我期待它能是一本既有學術深度，又貼近實際操作的讀物，能夠幫助我更全麵地認識水葫蘆，並為保護我們的水體環境貢獻一份力量。
評分“水葫蘆監測與防治”這個書名，帶著一種嚴謹的科學精神和解決問題的決心。它不像一本純粹的科普讀物，更多的是指嚮一種技術性的指導。我一直在思考，對於那些大規模入侵的物種，我們究竟應該如何與之相處，甚至如何將其轉化為有益的資源。這本書的書號，9787109236097，我記下來瞭。我猜測這本書的作者一定是在這個領域有深厚的研究基礎，纔敢於挑戰“監測”和“防治”這樣具有挑戰性的課題。我尤其期待在“監測”部分，能夠看到一些關於先進技術應用的介紹，比如衛星遙感、無人機技術在水葫蘆大麵積監測中的應用，以及如何通過數據分析來預測其生長趨勢和潛在風險。而在“防治”部分，我希望看到的是多種策略的整閤，不僅僅是單一的方法，而是能夠根據不同的地理環境、經濟條件以及生態目標，製定齣最優的綜閤防治方案。我好奇書中是否會探討水葫蘆的經濟價值，比如將其轉化為生物能源、肥料或飼料的可能性，這樣一來，防治工作或許就能從“治理”轉變為“利用”，實現真正的可持續發展。
評分這本《水葫蘆監測與防治》的書名，立刻勾起瞭我對於那些與自然界“鬥智鬥勇”的生物的思考。水葫蘆，這個名字本身就帶著一種野性的生命力，它在某些地方是生態的象徵，而在另一些地方，卻可能成為難以擺脫的“綠色災難”。我一直對那些能夠在環境中迅速擴張的物種感到好奇，它們是如何做到這一點的？它們的生存和繁殖機製是什麼？這本書的“監測”部分，我設想會揭示這些秘密，可能會介紹科學傢們是如何追蹤這些植物的足跡，如何預測它們的蔓延趨勢，甚至可能涉及基因層麵的研究，來理解它們的頑強生命力。而“防治”更是讓人充滿瞭期待，這不僅僅是簡單的清除，更是一種科學的博弈。我希望這本書能提供一些齣人意料的防治方法，或許是利用某些自然界的“剋星”，或許是開發齣能夠精準控製其生長的技術。我期待它能超越傳統的認知，給我帶來一些耳目一新的觀點。我會想象書中會充滿各種圖錶和數據，用來展示水葫蘆的生長模型，以及不同防治措施的效果對比。這9787109236097號的書，我希望它能打開我認識水生植物領域的新視角。
評分這本書的標題“水葫蘆監測與防治”給我一種非常實在、解決實際問題的感覺。我從事農業科研工作，雖然不是直接研究水生植物，但我們經常會遇到各種各樣的病蟲害和雜草問題，這些問題對農業生産的影響是顯而易見的。“水葫蘆”這個名字聽起來就有一種生命力旺盛、可能帶來麻煩的聯想，而“監測與防治”則錶明作者並非僅僅停留在描述問題，而是要提供解決方案。我猜這本書的受眾可能非常廣泛，包括但不限於水産養殖戶、水庫管理者、環保工作者，甚至是一些關注水環境的普通市民。我會期待書中能夠詳細介紹如何有效地“監測”水葫蘆的生長情況，比如有哪些科學的指標，如何利用現代科技手段進行大範圍、高效率的監測，這對於提前預警和製定防治策略至關重要。更重要的是“防治”部分，我希望看到的是一套係統性的、可操作的防治方案，能夠根據不同的環境條件和水葫蘆的生長階段，提供有針對性的建議。我尤其關心書中是否會提到一些長效的、對環境影響最小的防治措施，而不是簡單粗暴的化學滅殺。我想瞭解，除瞭常見的打撈之外，是否有更智慧、更可持續的解決方案。這本書的書號是9787109236097，我會在圖書館或書店留意一下。
評分當我在書店或網絡上看到“水葫蘆監測與防治”這個書名時，我的第一反應是，這一定是一本關於如何應對一種頗具挑戰性的水生雜草的書。雖然我不是植物學傢，但“水葫蘆”在我腦海中總是與“瘋長”、“堵塞”等詞語聯係在一起，尤其是在一些報道中看到它對河流、湖泊生態造成的負麵影響時，總會讓人感到頭疼。這本書的標題很直白地告訴瞭我它所要解決的問題，這讓我覺得非常實用。我期待這本書能夠提供一套完整、科學的解決方案，從如何準確地識彆和評估水葫蘆的種群規模和分布，到各種有效的控製和清除技術。我想瞭解，是否有哪些“綠色”的、對環境友好的防治方法，比如生物防治或者生態修復的手段，能夠達到事半功倍的效果，而不是僅僅依賴化學藥劑。這本書號是9787109236097，我會在搜索時把它作為關鍵詞。我希望這本書能夠深入淺齣地講解復雜的生態原理，讓非專業人士也能理解，並能在實際工作中應用。它應該是一本既有理論指導意義，又有實踐操作價值的工具書。
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