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出版社： 中国农业出版社
ISBN：9787109236097
商品编码：29850808074
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书名：水葫芦监测与防治
定价：48.00元
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出版社：中国农业出版社
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ISBN：9787109236097
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版次：1
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商品重量：0.4kg
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aquatic invasives: an ecological and management perspective introduction aquatic invasive species (ais) pose a significant threat to freshwater ecosystems worldwide, disrupting biodiversity, altering ecosystem functions, and impacting human economies. these non-native organisms, ranging from plants and invertebrates to fish and pathogens, often outcompete native species for resources, introduce diseases, and modify habitats. understanding the ecological dynamics of ais, their pathways of introduction and spread, and developing effective management strategies are crucial for preserving the health and resilience of our aquatic environments. this book delves into the multifaceted challenges presented by ais, offering a comprehensive overview of their ecological impacts and exploring a range of innovative and practical approaches to their monitoring and control. chapter 1: the ecological menace of aquatic invasive species this chapter lays the groundwork for understanding the profound ecological consequences of ais. it begins by defining what constitutes an invasive species, differentiating between non-native, introduced, and truly invasive organisms based on their ecological and economic impacts. the chapter then explores the biological traits that often contribute to the invasiveness of certain species, such as rapid reproduction rates, high dispersal capabilities, broad environmental tolerances, and a lack of natural predators or diseases in their new environment. we will examine the diverse mechanisms by which ais impact native ecosystems. this includes competition for resources, where invasive species may outcompete native flora and fauna for light, nutrients, space, and food. this can lead to declines in native populations and even local extinctions. the chapter will detail how invasive plants can form dense monocultures, shading out native aquatic vegetation and reducing habitat complexity. similarly, invasive invertebrates can decimate native food sources for fish and other aquatic organisms. another critical impact discussed is habitat alteration. many ais fundamentally change the physical and chemical characteristics of aquatic environments. for instance, invasive filter feeders can dramatically alter water clarity and nutrient cycling. invasive plants can clog waterways, impede water flow, and reduce dissolved oxygen levels, creating unfavorable conditions for native species. the introduction of novel diseases and parasites by ais is also a significant concern, potentially devastating native populations that have no evolved defenses. the chapter will further explore the trophic cascades initiated by ais. the introduction of a highly voracious predator or a dominant primary producer can have ripple effects throughout the food web, altering predator-prey relationships, and impacting community structure and stability. we will discuss examples of how invasive fish species have decimated native invertebrate and fish populations, and how invasive zooplankton have altered the food available for native zooplankton feeders. finally, the ecological chapter will touch upon the concept of hybridization. in some cases, invasive species can hybridize with native species, leading to genetic assimilation and the potential loss of unique native genetic lineages. this presents a significant conservation challenge, as it can lead to the erosion of native biodiversity at a genetic level. chapter 2: pathways and mechanisms of aquatic invasive species introduction and spread understanding how ais enter and disperse is fundamental to preventing their establishment and managing their spread. this chapter dissects the various pathways through which these species move across landscapes and into new aquatic systems. natural dispersal is a key, albeit often slow, mechanism. this includes the movement of organisms via currents, wind-driven transport of propagules, and the passive transport by animals (e.g., seeds attached to feathers or fur). however, the impact of human activities has dramatically accelerated the rates and distances of dispersal. human-mediated introductions are the primary drivers of ais invasions. the chapter will detail the most significant vectors: ballast water from ships: international shipping is a major culprit, transporting vast quantities of water containing organisms from one continent to another. the chapter will discuss the ecological implications of ballast water and the international efforts and technologies being developed to mitigate this threat. hull fouling: organisms attaching to the hulls of vessels can also be transported across oceans and between freshwater systems. aquaculture and the aquarium trade: the deliberate or accidental release of non-native species used in aquaculture or kept as pets is a significant source of ais. this includes both intentional stocking and escapes due to inadequate containment. recreational boating and fishing: the movement of boats between water bodies can transport aquatic organisms attached to trailers, hulls, or in live wells. similarly, the intentional or unintentional release of baitfish can introduce new species. inter-basin water transfers and canals: artificial connections between water systems can create highways for ais to move into previously isolated areas. aquatic research and education: while well-intentioned, the movement of aquatic organisms for research or educational purposes can inadvertently lead to introductions if proper containment and disposal protocols are not followed. the chapter will also examine the factors influencing establishment and spread once an organism arrives in a new environment. this includes the suitability of the new habitat (temperature, salinity, nutrient levels), the availability of food resources, the absence of predators and diseases, and the species' own adaptive capacity. the role of disturbed ecosystems as being more susceptible to invasion is also highlighted, as human activities often create conditions that favor invasive species over less competitive native ones. chapter 3: monitoring strategies for aquatic invasive species early detection and rapid response are critical for effective ais management. this chapter focuses on the diverse monitoring techniques employed to identify the presence and distribution of invasive species. traditional monitoring methods form the foundation of many surveillance programs. these include: visual surveys: direct observation by trained personnel in boats, shorelines, or through diving. this is particularly effective for larger, more conspicuous species. the chapter will discuss the advantages and limitations of visual surveys, including observer bias and the difficulty of detecting cryptic species or early life stages. netting and trapping: various types of nets (e.g., seine nets, gill nets) and traps (e.g., minnow traps, fyke nets) are used to capture aquatic organisms and assess species composition. the chapter will provide an overview of different netting and trapping techniques and their suitability for various species and habitats. literature review and historical data analysis: examining existing scientific literature, government reports, and historical records can provide valuable insights into past introductions and current distributions. advances in technology are revolutionizing ais monitoring. this chapter will explore emerging monitoring techniques: environmental dna (eDNA): this non-invasive technique involves collecting water or sediment samples and analyzing them for trace amounts of dna shed by organisms. the chapter will detail the principles of eDNA analysis, its advantages (sensitivity, ability to detect rare or elusive species), and its current applications and limitations in ais monitoring. remote sensing and aerial imagery: satellite and aerial imagery can be used to detect changes in vegetation cover and water quality that may be indicative of ais presence, particularly for dense aquatic plant invasions. acoustic monitoring: in some cases, acoustic devices can be used to detect the presence of certain fish species or to assess habitat conditions altered by invasives. citizen science: engaging the public in monitoring efforts can significantly expand the spatial and temporal coverage of surveillance programs. the chapter will discuss the successful implementation of citizen science initiatives, including training protocols, data validation, and the integration of citizen science data into formal monitoring frameworks. the chapter will also emphasize the importance of risk assessment and prioritization in monitoring. not all ais pose the same threat, and resources are often limited. therefore, this section will cover how to identify high-priority species and high-risk areas for surveillance based on factors such as invasiveness potential, economic and ecological impacts, and proximity to pathways of introduction. chapter 4: control and management strategies for aquatic invasive species once ais are detected, effective control and management strategies are essential to mitigate their impacts. this chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the various approaches used to manage invasive populations. prevention remains the most cost-effective strategy. the chapter will reiterate the importance of regulations and best management practices for preventing introductions, drawing on lessons learned from ballast water management, recreational boater education, and trade regulations. when prevention fails, control measures are implemented. these are broadly categorized as: physical and mechanical control: this involves physically removing invasive organisms. examples include manual removal of aquatic plants, harvesting of invasive fish, and the use of barriers or screens to prevent further spread. the chapter will discuss the effectiveness, cost, and limitations of these methods, especially for large-scale invasions. chemical control: the use of approved herbicides and pesticides can be effective in reducing invasive plant and animal populations. however, this approach requires careful consideration of non-target impacts, water quality, and regulatory approvals. the chapter will discuss the principles of selective chemical control, risk assessment, and the importance of integrated pest management principles. biological control: this involves introducing natural enemies (predators, parasites, or pathogens) from the invasive species' native range to control its population. the chapter will explore the rigorous scientific protocols required for evaluating the safety and efficacy of biological control agents, highlighting both successes and cautionary tales. habitat manipulation and restoration: in some cases, altering habitat conditions can make them less favorable for invasive species and more favorable for native ones. this can include measures such as managing water levels, restoring native vegetation, or improving water quality. the chapter will also discuss integrated management approaches. often, a combination of control methods is most effective. this integrated pest management (ipm) framework emphasizes a holistic approach, combining multiple strategies in a coordinated manner to achieve sustainable control. furthermore, the chapter will address the challenges of long-term management and adaptive strategies. ais management is rarely a one-time effort. it often requires ongoing monitoring and adaptive adjustments to control strategies as conditions change and new information becomes available. the importance of collaboration and stakeholder engagement involving government agencies, researchers, private landowners, and the public in developing and implementing management plans will be highlighted. finally, the chapter will touch upon the economic and social considerations of ais management, including the costs of control and the benefits of preserving native ecosystems. it will also explore the role of policy and legislation in supporting ais management efforts. conclusion aquatic invasive species represent a persistent and growing threat to the ecological integrity and economic value of our freshwater resources. this book has provided a detailed exploration of their ecological impacts, the intricate pathways of their introduction and spread, the sophisticated tools available for their monitoring, and the diverse array of strategies employed for their control and management. by fostering a deeper understanding of these complex issues and by promoting the adoption of proactive and integrated approaches, we can collectively work towards safeguarding our precious aquatic ecosystems for future generations. the ongoing battle against aquatic invasives demands continuous research, innovation, and a shared commitment to ecological stewardship.
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这本《水葫芦监测与防治》的书名，立刻勾起了我对于那些与自然界“斗智斗勇”的生物的思考。水葫芦，这个名字本身就带着一种野性的生命力，它在某些地方是生态的象征，而在另一些地方，却可能成为难以摆脱的“绿色灾难”。我一直对那些能够在环境中迅速扩张的物种感到好奇，它们是如何做到这一点的？它们的生存和繁殖机制是什么？这本书的“监测”部分，我设想会揭示这些秘密，可能会介绍科学家们是如何追踪这些植物的足迹，如何预测它们的蔓延趋势，甚至可能涉及基因层面的研究，来理解它们的顽强生命力。而“防治”更是让人充满了期待，这不仅仅是简单的清除，更是一种科学的博弈。我希望这本书能提供一些出人意料的防治方法，或许是利用某些自然界的“克星”，或许是开发出能够精准控制其生长的技术。我期待它能超越传统的认知，给我带来一些耳目一新的观点。我会想象书中会充满各种图表和数据，用来展示水葫芦的生长模型，以及不同防治措施的效果对比。这9787109236097号的书，我希望它能打开我认识水生植物领域的新视角。
评分“水葫芦监测与防治”这个书名，带着一种严谨的科学精神和解决问题的决心。它不像一本纯粹的科普读物，更多的是指向一种技术性的指导。我一直在思考，对于那些大规模入侵的物种，我们究竟应该如何与之相处，甚至如何将其转化为有益的资源。这本书的书号，9787109236097，我记下来了。我猜测这本书的作者一定是在这个领域有深厚的研究基础，才敢于挑战“监测”和“防治”这样具有挑战性的课题。我尤其期待在“监测”部分，能够看到一些关于先进技术应用的介绍，比如卫星遥感、无人机技术在水葫芦大面积监测中的应用，以及如何通过数据分析来预测其生长趋势和潜在风险。而在“防治”部分，我希望看到的是多种策略的整合，不仅仅是单一的方法，而是能够根据不同的地理环境、经济条件以及生态目标，制定出最优的综合防治方案。我好奇书中是否会探讨水葫芦的经济价值，比如将其转化为生物能源、肥料或饲料的可能性，这样一来，防治工作或许就能从“治理”转变为“利用”，实现真正的可持续发展。
评分这本书的标题“水葫芦监测与防治”给我一种非常实在、解决实际问题的感觉。我从事农业科研工作，虽然不是直接研究水生植物，但我们经常会遇到各种各样的病虫害和杂草问题，这些问题对农业生产的影响是显而易见的。“水葫芦”这个名字听起来就有一种生命力旺盛、可能带来麻烦的联想，而“监测与防治”则表明作者并非仅仅停留在描述问题，而是要提供解决方案。我猜这本书的受众可能非常广泛，包括但不限于水产养殖户、水库管理者、环保工作者，甚至是一些关注水环境的普通市民。我会期待书中能够详细介绍如何有效地“监测”水葫芦的生长情况，比如有哪些科学的指标，如何利用现代科技手段进行大范围、高效率的监测，这对于提前预警和制定防治策略至关重要。更重要的是“防治”部分，我希望看到的是一套系统性的、可操作的防治方案，能够根据不同的环境条件和水葫芦的生长阶段，提供有针对性的建议。我尤其关心书中是否会提到一些长效的、对环境影响最小的防治措施，而不是简单粗暴的化学灭杀。我想了解，除了常见的打捞之外，是否有更智慧、更可持续的解决方案。这本书的书号是9787109236097，我会在图书馆或书店留意一下。
评分这本书的书名引起了我极大的兴趣。“水葫芦”这个名字总让我想起童年时在池塘边玩耍的场景，那种漂浮着、长着翠绿叶片的植物，虽然美丽，但有时也确实会疯长，影响水体。而“监测与防治”则透露出了一种科学严谨的态度，似乎这本书将深入探讨如何理解这种植物的生长规律，以及如何有效地管理它，而不是简单地呼吁清除。我一直对生态平衡和环境保护的话题很关注，尤其是那些看似不起眼但却能产生巨大影响的物种。想象一下，这本书可能会从水葫芦的起源、传播方式讲起，然后深入到它对水生态系统的具体影响，比如对水中氧气含量的影响，对其他水生生物生存空间的挤压，甚至可能提到它对航运和水利设施的阻碍。接着，它会提出一系列的监测方法，可能包括实地考察、遥感技术，甚至是生物标记等。最后，便是重点的“防治”部分，我期待能读到各种各样的治理手段，从物理方法（如人工打捞、机械清除）到化学方法（是否会介绍一些环保型的药剂？），再到生物防治（比如引入天敌？），甚至可能还会探讨一些创新性的技术。这本书的书号我也记下了，9787109236097，方便我以后查找。总之，我期待它能是一本既有学术深度，又贴近实际操作的读物，能够帮助我更全面地认识水葫芦，并为保护我们的水体环境贡献一份力量。
评分当我在书店或网络上看到“水葫芦监测与防治”这个书名时，我的第一反应是，这一定是一本关于如何应对一种颇具挑战性的水生杂草的书。虽然我不是植物学家，但“水葫芦”在我脑海中总是与“疯长”、“堵塞”等词语联系在一起，尤其是在一些报道中看到它对河流、湖泊生态造成的负面影响时，总会让人感到头疼。这本书的标题很直白地告诉了我它所要解决的问题，这让我觉得非常实用。我期待这本书能够提供一套完整、科学的解决方案，从如何准确地识别和评估水葫芦的种群规模和分布，到各种有效的控制和清除技术。我想了解，是否有哪些“绿色”的、对环境友好的防治方法，比如生物防治或者生态修复的手段，能够达到事半功倍的效果，而不是仅仅依赖化学药剂。这本书号是9787109236097，我会在搜索时把它作为关键词。我希望这本书能够深入浅出地讲解复杂的生态原理，让非专业人士也能理解，并能在实际工作中应用。它应该是一本既有理论指导意义，又有实践操作价值的工具书。
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