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《鲁滨孙漂流记(英文版)》:I WAS born in the year 1632 in the city of York of a good familythough not of that country my father being a foreigner of Bremen who settled first at Hull. He got a good estate by merchandise and leaving off his trade lived afterwards at York from whence he had married my mother whose relations were named Robinson a very good family in that country and from whom I was called Robinson Kreutznaer; but by the usual corruption of words in England we are now called-nay we call ourselves and write our name-Crusoe; and so my companions always called me.
Rob/nson Crus0e is a novel by Daniel Defoe. Itwas first published in I7I9 and is sometimesconsidered to be the first novel in English. Thebook is a fictional autobiography of the titlecharacter an English castaway who spends 28years on a remote tropical island nearVenezuela encountering Native Americanscaptives and mutineers before being rescued.This device presenting an account ofsupposedly factual events is known as a “falsedocument” and gives a realistic frame story.
内容简介
1704年,苏格兰水手赛尔科克在船上反叛,被抛到智利外海的一座荒岛上,生活了五年。笛福受到这一事件的启发,写成此书。《鲁滨孙漂流记》以真实具体、亲切自然的文风描写鲁滨孙孤独地在海上生活二十八年的经历,不仅在英国文学史上是个里程碑,而且在世界文学史上都可称作一部以现实主义文风写出的现代小说,由此,作者笛福就有了“现代小说之父”的美称。笛福一生笔耕不辍,作品包括新闻报道、政治宣传册等共有250种(另一说有500种)之巨。大量的写作磨练了笛福的笔锋,《鲁滨孙漂流记》不论是叙事,还是写景,大都能够使人如闯其声、如临其境,因而,阅读这部书的人在各国的小说读者群中一直高居榜首。此书自出版至今已被译成各种文字,在全球行销不衰几百版。据说,除《圣经》之外,《鲁滨孙漂流记》是世界上出版多的一本书。
作者简介
Daniel Defoe(c.I659——I73I, bornDaniel Foe), was an Englishwriter, journalist, andpamphleteer, who gainedenduring fame for his novelRobinson Crusoe. Defoe is notablefor being one of the earliestpractitioners of the novel, as hehelped to popularize the form inBritain, and is even referred to bysome as one of the founders ofthe English novel. As a prolificand versatile writer, he wrotemore than five hundred books,pamphlets, and journals onvarious topics (including politics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology and the supernatural). He was also a pioneer of economic journalism.
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目录
CHAPTER I START IN LIFE
CHAPTER II SLAVERY AND ESCAPE
CHAPTER III WRECKEDON A DESERT ISLAND
CHAPTER IV FIRST WEEKS ON THEISLAND
CHAPTER V BUILDS A HOUSE THE JOURNAL
CHAPTER VI ILL AND CONSCIENCE STRICKEN
CHAPTER VII AGRICULTURAL EXPERIENCE
CHAPTER VIII SURVEYS HIS POSITION
CHAPTER IX A BOAT
CHAPTER X TAMES GOATS
CHAPTER XI FINDS PRINT OF MAN'S FOOT ON THE SAND
CHAPTER XII A CAVE RETREAT
CHAPTER XIII WRECK OF A SPANISH SHIP
CHAPTER XIV A DREAM REALISED
CHAPTER XV FRIDAY'S EDUCATION
CHAPTER XVI RESCUE OF PRISONERS FROM CANNIBALS
CHAPTER XVII VISIT OF MUTINEERS
CHAPTER XVIII THE SHIP RECOVERED
CHAPTER XIX RETURN TO ENGLAND
CHAPTER XX FIGHT BETWEEN FRIDAY AND A BEAR
精彩书摘
CHAPTER I START IN LIFE
Was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull. He got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at York, from whence he had married my mother, whose relations were named Robinson, a very good family in that country, and from whom I was called Robinson Kreutznaer; but, by the usual corruption of words in England, we are now called--nay we call ourselves and write our name Crusoe; and so my companions always called me.
I had two elder brothers, one of whom was lieutenant-colonel to an English regiment of foot in Flanders, formerly commanded by the famous Colonel Lockhart, and was killed at the battle near Dunkirk against the Spaniards. What became of
my second brother I never knew, any more than my father or mother did know what was became of me.
……
前言/序言
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探索未知,挑战极限:一部关于生存、智慧与人性的史诗 书名:荒野求生手册:从零开始的岛屿生活指南 作者:亚瑟·麦克尼尔 内容概要: 《荒野求生手册:从零开始的岛屿生活指南》并非一部虚构的冒险小说,而是一本严谨、详实、基于实际观察和多年经验总结而成的生存百科全书。本书旨在为所有对荒野生存、离岛自给自足抱有兴趣或面临突发环境剧变的人士,提供一套系统化、可操作的生存策略与技术。 本书结构清晰,内容涵盖了从灾难发生初期到长期稳定定居的每一个关键阶段。作者亚瑟·麦克尼尔,一位经验丰富的探险家和自然学家,以其在多个偏远无人岛屿上独立生活数年的亲身经历为基础,构建了这套知识体系。他摒弃了浪漫化的叙事,转而采用一种近乎科学实验的记录方式,力求将每一项技能的实施步骤、所需材料、潜在风险以及替代方案都描述得淋漓尽致。 第一部分:灾难降临与初期评估(The Immediate Aftermath and Initial Assessment) 本部分着重于在意外发生后的最初72小时内,如何最大化生存几率。麦克尼尔强调,恐慌是最大的敌人。 “三三原则”的现代应用与修正: 重新审视经典生存法则,结合现代物资分析,指出在资源匮乏的岛屿环境中,体温、水、庇护所的优先级排序需要根据当地气候(如热带湿热、温带多变)进行动态调整。 现场资源清点与有效利用: 详细指导如何从失事残骸中提取有价值的材料,例如金属碎片、布料、塑料容器等。特别提出“无用之物”的再定义,例如,旧轮胎的橡胶可以用于防水或制作工具的减震层。 初步侦查与安全选址: 介绍如何利用地形标记和自然线索(如鸟类迁徙路径、水流方向)来确定一个临时营地。营地的选择标准包括但不限于:防潮、防风、靠近淡水源但需避开潮汐线和易发生山体滑坡的区域。 第二部分:水、火与庇护所:生存基石的构建(Water, Fire, and Shelter: Establishing the Foundation) 这是确保长期存活的三个核心要素。作者以极高的细节描述了每一种技术的具体操作流程。 安全饮水技术深度解析: 本章详细对比了至少六种野外净水方法,包括简易的太阳能蒸馏器(Solar Still)的搭建精确图解、利用活性炭和沙石的多层过滤系统,以及在缺乏金属容器时如何使用天然材料(如大型竹节或特定树皮)进行煮沸消毒。特别警告了对某些海洋植物或树液的错误饮用可能导致的致命后果。 火的艺术——从点燃到维持: 涵盖了摩擦生火(Bow Drill, Hand Drill)在不同湿度条件下的操作技巧,强调了引火绒的选取和准备工作的重要性。此外,还提供了一套“低能耗”的火堆设计方案,旨在最大限度地利用燃料并保持长时间的稳定热量。 模块化庇护所设计: 介绍了一种基于“A字形框架”的升级版庇护所,该设计允许居住者根据季节变化快速增加墙体隔热层或通风口。重点介绍了热带地区防虫和温带地区防雨雪的特定加固方法。 第三部分:食物获取与资源管理(Foraging, Hunting, and Resource Management) 本部分从营养学角度出发,指导如何在缺乏外部补给的情况下实现可持续的食物来源。 植物识别与毒理学基础: 提供了上百种常见热带和温带岛屿植物的图文对比,重点区分“可食用”、“药用”和“剧毒”的界限。强调“少量测试法”的科学执行步骤。 陷阱制作与小型狩猎技术: 详细讲解了设置不同类型的陷阱(如套索陷阱、压板陷阱)以捕捉小型哺乳动物和鸟类,并配有精确的尺寸和触发机制图示。作者还分享了自制鱼叉、鱼钩和编织鱼网的技术。 食物的储存与保鲜: 探讨了如何在没有冰箱的情况下,通过烟熏(Smoking)、日晒(Drying)和利用特定盐分高的岩石进行初步腌制等方法,延长食物的保存时间,以应对季节性食物短缺。 第四部分:工具制造与技能的精进(Tool Crafting and Skill Refinement) 生存的升级在于工具的效率。麦克尼尔认为,人与动物的区别,就在于我们制造和使用工具的能力。 石器时代的高效重现: 详细描述了如何通过敲击(Percussion)、压削(Pressure Flaking)技术,从本地石材中打制出锋利的刀具、刮削器和箭头。并探讨了火山岩、燧石、黑曜石等不同材料的特性。 绳索与编织艺术: 介绍了从植物纤维(如椰子壳纤维、特定藤蔓)中提取和搓制高强度绳索的方法,这些绳索是搭建复杂结构和制作捕猎工具的基础。 基本医疗与卫生维护: 基于草药学的知识,列举了用于处理伤口、退烧和缓解腹泻的几种安全有效的本地植物。强调了保持营地和个人卫生的极端重要性,以预防在潮湿环境中爆发的感染。 结语:心智的韧性与秩序的建立 本书的最后,作者回归到生存的心理层面。他指出,物质的匮乏易于克服,但心智的崩溃才是最难挽回的损失。建立日常时间表、完成固定的工作任务、保持对未来的规划(如建造更坚固的住所、开垦小块土地),是维持心智秩序和目标感的核心。 《荒野求生手册:从零开始的岛屿生活指南》是一部实用主义者的宝典,它提供的是知识、方法和纪律,而非逃避现实的幻想。它是一份关于如何利用人类的智慧和适应性,在最极端的自然环境中重新定义“家园”的详尽蓝图。