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內容簡介

　　This is the long-awaited third edition of Chomsky s outstanding collection of essays on Language and mind. The first six chapters, originally published in the 1960s, made a groundbreaking contribution to linguistic theory. This new edition complements them with an additional chapter and a new preface, bringing Chomsky s influential approach into the twenty-first century.
　　Chapters 1-6 present Chomskys early work on the nature and acquisition of language as a genetically-endowed, biological system （Universal Grammar）, the rules and principles of which we acquire as internalized knowledge （I-language）. Over the past fifty years, this framework has sparked an explosion of inquiry into a wide range of languages, and has yielded some major theoretical questions. The final chapter revisits the key issues, reviewing the "biolinguistic" approach that has guided Chomsky s work from its origins to the present day, and raising some novel and exciting challenges for the study of language and mind.

目錄

Preface to the third edition
Preface to the second edition
Preface to the first edition
1 Linguistic contributions to the study of mind: past
2 Linguistic contributions to the study of mind: present
3 Linguistic contributions to the study of mind: future
4 Form and meaning in natural languages
5 The formal nature of language
6 Linguistics and philosophy
7 Biolinguistics and the human capacity
Index

精彩書摘

　　One difficulty in the psychological sciences lies in the familiarity of the phenomena with which they deal. A certain intellectual effort is required to see how such phenomena can pose serious problems or call for intricate explanatory theories. One is inclined to take them for granted as necessary or somehow "natural."
　　The effects of this familiarity of phenomena have often been discussed. Wolfgang K6hler, for example, has suggested that psychologists do not open up "entirely new territories" in the manner of the natural sciences, "simply because man was acquainted with practically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology.., because at the very beginning of their work there were no entirely unknown mental facts left which they could have discovered."1 The most elementary discoveries of classical physics have a certain shock value man has no intuition about elliptical orbits or the gravitational constant. But "mental facts" of even a much deeper sort cannot be "discovered" by the psychologist, because they are a matter of intuitive acquaintance and, once pointed out, are obvious.
　　There is also a more subtle effect. Phenomena can be so familiar that we really do not see them at all, a matter that has been much discussed by literary theorists and philosophers. For example, Viktor Shldovskij in the early 1920s developed the idea that the function of poetic art is that of "making strange" the object depicted. "People living at the seashore grow so accustomed to the murmur of the waves that they never hear it. By the same token, we scarcely ever hear the words which we utter... We look at each other, but we do not see each other any more. Our perception of the world has withered away; what has remained is mere recognition." Thus, the goal of the artist is to transfer what is depicted to the "sphere of new perception"; as an example, Shklovskij cites a story by Tolstoy in which social customs and institutions are "made strange" by the device of presenting them from the viewpoint of a narrator who happens to be a horse.

前言/序言

　　The first six chapters that follow are from the late 1960s, mostly based on talks for general university audiences, hence relatively informal. The final chapter is from 2004, based on a talk for a general audience. This recent essay reviews the "biolinguistic approach" that has guided this work from its origins half a century ago, some of the important developments of recent decades, and how the general approach looks today - to me at least.
　　The dominant approach to questions of language and mind in the 1950s was that of the behavioral sciences. As the term indicates, the object of inquiry was taken to be behavior, or, for linguistics, the products of behavior: perhaps a corpus obtained from informants by the elicitation techniques taught in field methods courses. Linguistic theory consisted of procedures of analysis, primar- ily segmentation and classification, designed to organize a body of linguistic material, guided by limited assumptions about structural properties and their arrangement. The prominent linguist Martin Joos hardly exaggerated in a 1955 exposition when he identified the "decisive direction" of contemporary struc- tural linguistics as the decision that language can be "described without any preexistent scheme of what a language must be." Prevailing approaches in the behavioral sciences generally were not very different. Of course, no one accepted the incoherent notion of a "blank slate." But it was common to sup- pose that beyond some initial delimitation of properties detected in the environ- ment （a "quality space," in the framework of the highly influential philosopher W. V. O. Quine）, general learning mechanisms of some kind should suffice to account for what organisms, including humans, know and do. Genetic endow- ment in these domains would not be expected to reach much beyond something like that.

國外語言學與應用語言學人大版影印文庫：語言與心智（第3版） 下載 mobi epub pdf txt 電子書

評分☆☆☆☆☆

就是搞不懂是怎麼影印的, 沒有任何徵兆的, 字體就變瞭. 變模糊瞭. 然後過瞭若乾頁, 又沒有任何徵兆的變清晰瞭. 反復振蕩若乾次. 大師的書就是神奇.

評分☆☆☆☆☆

普通人的追求通常會被簡化為對物質財富的占有。影片情節簡單，人物單純，背景也並不復雜。青年農民工小貴，城市貧民子弟小堅，分彆串起影片敘事主綫，一輛單車，兩個人物，同一個故事。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

這本語言與心智一書，值得一看

評分☆☆☆☆☆

再看，故事中的女人都是故事。恪守公司規定看似惡感卻難以遮掩善良的澡堂前颱，憧憬愛情的瀟瀟，懂事認真的小堅妹妹，還有那沒一句颱詞、愛打扮的女保姆。試問，生活中的女人不就是上述幾位的綜閤體嗎？可是，故事中的女性卻以平麵化的形象齣現，這不得不讓我們做齣思考。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

第一次網購是在大學時候，自己還是一個小青年，一晃已經快而立瞭。那年的一天看新聞，第一次聽說瞭京東，在電視畫麵中看到瞭他們的老闆，那個胖子。很好奇，於是點開瞭他們的網頁，開始瞭我的網購之路。這些年也囤積瞭很多書，都還沒來得及看，也許這好像生命一樣，不知道自己究竟要做什麼，卻難以停下種種盲目。買的書都經過瞭篩選，特彆是京東搞活動的時候這類篩選變得尤為刺激，仿佛一本本精華將要被我吸收，自己即將變成宇宙強人一般，不停地看不停地選著……

評分☆☆☆☆☆

要讀,希望有更深刻的瞭解

評分☆☆☆☆☆

要讀,希望有更深刻的瞭解

評分☆☆☆☆☆

不錯的書,考試用,希望那孩子成功

評分☆☆☆☆☆

買過的最鬱悶的一本書，是英文的不說清楚啊。應該大字標明。

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