內容簡介
For a book of its genre, our previous book, An introduction to gauge theories and the "new physics" (1982) was a great success. It was not, alas, sold in airport lounges, but it did run to two additional printings (1983, 1985), and to extensively revised editions in Russian (1990), and in Polish (1991). More importantly, it seemed to achieve the principal goal which we had set ourselves, namely, to present a pedagogical account of modern particle physics with a balance of theory and experiment, which would be intelligible and stimulating for both theoretical and experimental graduate students. We did not try to write a profound book on field theory, nor a treatise on sophisticated experimental techniques. But we did wish to stress the deep, intimate and fruitful interaction between theoretical ideas and experimental results. Indeed, for us, it is just this aspect of physics which makes it seem so much more exciting than say pure mathematics.
內頁插圖
目錄
Preface
Acknowledgements
Notational conventions
Note added in proof: the discovery of the top quark (?)
Note added in proof: the demise of the SSC
18 Determination of the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix
19 Mixing and CP violation
20 Regularization, renormalization and introduction to the renormalization group
21 Gauge theories, QCD and the renormalization group
22 Applications of the QCD renormalization group
23 The parton model in QCD
24 Large Pr phenomena and jets in hadronic reactions
25 Jets and hadrons in e+e- physics
26 Low Pr or soft hadronic physics
27 Some non-perturbative aspects of gauge theories
28 Beyond the standard model
Appendix 1: Elements of field theory
Appendix 2: Feynman rules for QED, QCD and the SM
Appendix 3: Conserved vector currents and their charges
Appendix 4: Operator form of Feynman amplitudes and effective Hamiltonians
Appendix 5: S-matrix, T-matrix and Feynman amplitude
Appendix 6: Consequences of CPT invariance for matrix elements
Appendix 7: Formulae for the basic partonic 2 → 2 processes
Appendix 8: Euclidean space conventions
References
Analytic subject index for vols. 1 and2
前言/序言
For a book of its genre, our previous book, An introduction to gauge theories and the "new physics" (1982) was a great success. It was not, alas, sold in airport lounges, but it did run to two additional printings (1983, 1985), and to extensively revised editions in Russian (1990), and in Polish (1991). More importantly, it seemed to achieve the principal goal which we had set ourselves, namely, to present a pedagogical account of modern particle physics with a balance of theory and experiment, which would be intelligible and stimulating for both theoretical and experimental graduate students. We did not try to write a profound book on field theory, nor a treatise on sophisticated experimental techniques. But we did wish to stress the deep, intimate and fruitful interaction between theoretical ideas and experimental results. Indeed, for us, it is just this aspect of physics which makes it seem so much more exciting than say pure mathematics. Our greatest pleasure came from the favourable reaction of students who were working through the book and from those reviewers who caught what we hoped was its essential fiavour——the writing creates the feeling of an active progression of ideas arising from the repeated interaction of theoretical prejudice with experimental observation, unlike most textbooks, it is highly readable, and makes everything appear simple and obvious. Well, the last comment is surely an exaggeration but that was our aim.
In thinking about a second edition we were faced with a serious conceptual problem. Ten years ago we were in a state of excited expectation.A beautiful theory had been created and led, via the simplest of calculations, to absolutely dramatic experimental predictions; principally the existence and basic properties of the heavy vector bosons W+ and Z0.A host of interesting new phenomena could be studied with no more elfort than the calculation of a lowest order Born diagram. Much of the new physics could be discussed and understood from rather qualitative arguments. That idyllic situation is much changed now.
After the few years during which the experimentalists were struggling to demonstrate the very existence of these new phenomena, when the world of physics was electrified by the discovery of one single W or Z event, we have moved into an era when LEP is mass-producing millions of Z0s!
好的,以下是基於您提供的書名《規範理論和現代粒子物理學導論(第2捲)》[An Introduction to Gauge Theories and Modern Particle Physics Vol.2] 撰寫的、不包含該書內容的、詳細的圖書簡介。 --- 經典電動力學與場論的深刻洞察:從麥剋斯韋到量子場論的過渡 圖書名稱:《經典電磁場論:場、波與相對論基礎》 作者: [此處可填入虛構的資深物理學傢姓名] 頁數: 約 850 頁 齣版年份: [虛構年份] 內容概述 《經典電磁場論:場、波與相對論基礎》是一部全麵且深入的教科書,旨在為物理學、工程學及相關領域的高年級本科生和研究生提供一個堅實、嚴謹的經典電磁場理論基礎。本書著重於從麥剋斯韋方程組的嚴格推導和精確應用齣發,係統地闡述電場、磁場以及電磁波的性質,並將其完美地融入狹義相對論的框架之中。 本書的結構設計精巧,旨在彌閤初級電磁學教學與現代場論研究之間的鴻溝。我們認為,對規範理論和現代粒子物理學的深刻理解,必須建立在對經典場論的無懈可擊的掌握之上。因此,本書聚焦於經典物理學的巔峰成就——麥剋斯韋理論的完整錶述、其在不同參考係下的協變性分析,以及其在宏觀和微觀尺度上的經典應用。 第一部分:靜電學與靜磁學的嚴謹基礎 本書伊始,我們便以靜力學為起點,而非經驗主義的堆砌。 第一章:靜電場的數學描述 本章詳細介紹瞭電荷密度、電流密度、電位移矢量 $mathbf{D}$ 與電場強度 $mathbf{E}$ 之間的關係,特彆強調瞭在介質中處理邊界條件的必要性。庫侖定律被提升到微分形式,並引入瞭泊鬆方程和拉普拉斯方程作為求解靜電勢的基石。本章的核心是探討靜電學中的唯一性定理,這為後續場的求解提供瞭理論保障。我們通過球對稱、柱對稱等典型幾何結構(如無限長導綫、同軸電纜、帶電球殼)的實際解耦問題,訓練讀者運用坐標係變換來簡化復雜的邊界條件問題。 第二章:靜磁場的麥剋斯韋基礎 相較於靜電學,靜磁學需要引入電流的概念。本章詳細推導瞭畢奧-薩伐爾定律和安培環路定律。關鍵在於磁感應強度 $mathbf{B}$ 與磁場強度 $mathbf{H}$ 的區分,尤其是在存在磁性材料時的處理方法。我們深入探討瞭磁標勢 $mathbf{A}$ 的引入,並證明瞭它在解決具有特定幾何對稱性的磁場問題中的優越性,特彆是使用磁通量概念來計算電感。 第三章:介質中的電磁現象 介質效應是經典電磁學中容易被簡化卻至關重要的部分。本章專門用一整章的篇幅來解剖電極化($mathbf{P}$)和磁化($mathbf{M}$)的微觀起源,盡管我們停留在經典唯象描述層麵。我們詳細分析瞭綫性、各嚮同性介質中的電磁響應,並處理瞭界麵上的電磁場邊界條件,強調瞭電磁場在不同介質交界麵上的反射和摺射行為。 第二部分:電磁場的動態演化與電磁波 動態場論是本書承上啓下的核心部分,它引導讀者從靜態的場論概念過渡到描述能量和信息傳遞的波動現象。 第四章:麥剋斯韋方程組的完備性與微分形式 本章是全書的理論中心。我們從法拉第電磁感應定律和安培-麥剋斯韋定律齣發,嚴格推導並組裝瞭完整的四組麥剋斯韋方程組(微分形式)。我們運用瞭電磁場的局部守恒律(電荷守恒方程),並首次引入瞭場的協變性視角,為下一部分的相對論準備基礎。 第五章:電磁波的産生與傳播 基於完整的麥剋斯韋方程組,本章推導齣瞭均勻、無源介質中的齊次波動方程。我們詳細分析瞭平麵電磁波的性質,包括其橫波特性、傳播速度(光速的導齣)、偏振態(綫偏振、圓偏振、橢圓偏振)的數學描述。本章利用復數形式簡化瞭衰減和相位的處理,並討論瞭導波管中TE/TM模態的初步概念,展示瞭電磁場在約束空間中的傳播規律。 第六章:電磁場中的能量與動量 場的動力學必須伴隨著能量和動量的概念。本章引入瞭坡印廷矢量 $mathbf{S}$,用以描述電磁能量流的密度和方嚮。我們建立瞭電磁場的能量密度錶達式,並推導瞭坡印廷定理,從而在經典框架內完整地描述瞭電磁場作為能量載體的角色。此外,電磁場對物體施加的動量和輻射壓強也在本章得到瞭深入的探討。 第三部分:狹義相對論在電磁學中的必然性 本部分是本書的亮點,它展示瞭經典電磁學本身就蘊含著相對論的種子,並非是後人強行嫁接的結果。 第七章:洛倫茲變換與四維矢量 本書不以慣性係間的變換為起點,而是先復習狹義相對論的基本假設。隨後,我們聚焦於如何用四維矢量(四維位置、四維速度)來錶示時空中的事件。關鍵在於引入四維電流密度 $J^mu$ 和四維電勢 $A^mu$,為後續的張量分析奠定基礎。 第八章:電磁場張量 $F^{mu
u}$ 的構建 這是本書最技術性的部分之一。我們證明瞭麥剋斯韋方程組在洛倫茲變換下保持形式不變性的唯一途徑,就是將電場 $mathbf{E}$ 和磁場 $mathbf{B}$ 組閤成一個二階反稱的電磁場張量 $F^{mu
u}$。我們詳細展示瞭如何通過 $F^{mu
u}$ 的洛倫茲變換法則,直觀地理解電場和磁場是如何在不同參考係間“混閤”的(例如,靜磁場如何轉化為運動電荷産生的電場)。 第九章:協變形式的麥剋斯韋方程組與勢的協變錶述 在本章中,麥剋斯韋的四組方程被優雅地簡化為兩個簡潔的張量方程: $partial_mu F^{mu
u} = mu_0 J^
u$ 和 $partial_lambda F_{mu
u} + partial_mu F_{
ulambda} + partial_
u F_{lambdamu} = 0$。我們還重新審視瞭四維電磁勢 $A^mu = (phi/c, mathbf{A})$,並討論瞭洛倫茲規範(Lorenz Gauge)的選擇,以確保場的動力學方程能夠以最簡潔的協變形式錶達。 第四部分:經典場論的拓展:輻射與應用 第十章:電磁場的輻射場 本章專門處理加速電荷的輻射問題。我們引入瞭利納捷爾勢(Liénard-Wiechert Potentials),並由此推導瞭任意運動電荷的電磁場錶達式。這直接導嚮瞭Larmor公式,精確計算瞭非相對論性加速電荷的總輻射功率。我們深入討論瞭電磁輻射的物理圖像,包括近場、遠場以及偶極輻射的特性。 第十一章:電磁場的散場:相對論性電荷的動力學 本書的收官之章將經典電磁力(洛倫茲力)納入相對論的框架。我們推導瞭洛倫茲力定律的協變形式 $frac{dp^mu}{d au} = q F^{mu
u} u_
u$,並討論瞭在強電場和磁場耦閤下帶電粒子的相對論性運動。通過分析粒子在均勻電磁場中的運動軌跡(如迴鏇加速器中的螺鏇運動),鞏固讀者對四維動力學描述的掌握。 總結 《經典電磁場論:場、波與相對論基礎》旨在為物理學研究者提供一把精密的鑰匙,用於開啓更深層次的場論大門。通過對麥剋斯韋理論的全麵、基於協變性的重構,本書確保瞭讀者能夠以最高的理論純度來理解電磁現象,為進一步探索量子電動力學(QED)及其他規範場理論中的經典極限打下不可動搖的基石。本書幾乎不涉及量子化概念,專注於場論的經典、連續和確定性描述。