內容簡介
《機械設計過程(英文版·原書第4版)》明確提齣瞭“産品設計”的設計技術,是針對産品設計的設計思想,理論.技術和方法,而對於那些針對“機構”和“零件結構”的設計技術,隻作為基礎知識介紹。《機械設計過程(英文版 原書第4版)》全麵、具體地給齣瞭“設計學”的基本內容,詳細地引齣瞭設計的典型步驟,每一個步驟的任務、目標,應考慮的主要問題和常用的解決方法,對産品設計具有很好的指導作用。
內頁插圖
目錄
序
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1 Why Study the Design Process?
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Measuring the Design Process with Product Cost, Quality, and Time to Market
1.3 The History of the Design Process
1.4 The Life of a Product
1.5 The Many Solutions for Design Problems
1.6 The Basic Actions of Problem Solving
1.7 Knowledge and Learning During Design
1.8 Design for Sustainability
CHAPTER 2 Understanding Mechanical Design
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Importance of Product Function, Behavior, and Performance
2.3 Mechanical Design Languages and Abstraction
2.4 Different Types of Mechanical Design Problems
2.5 Constraints, Goals, and Design Decisions
2.6 Product Decomposition
CHAPTER 3 Designers and Design Teams
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Individual Designer: A Model of Human Information Processing
3.3 Mental Processes That Occur During Design
3.4 Characteristics of Creators
3.5 The Structure of Design Teams
3.6 Building Design Team Performance
CHAPTER 4 The Design Process and Product Discovery
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Overview of the Design Process
4.3 Designing Quality into Products
4.4 Product Discovery
4.5 Choosing a Project
CHAPTER 5 Planning for Design
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Types of Project Plans
5.3 Planning for Deliverables The Development of Information
5.4 Building a Plan
5.5 Design Plan Examples
5.6 Communication During the Design Process
CHAPTER 6 Understanding the Problem and the Development of Engineering Specifications
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Step 1: Identify the Customers: Who Are They?
6.3 Step 2: Determine the Customers Requirements: What Do the Customers Want?
6.4 Step 3: Determine Relative Importance of the Requirements: Who Versus What
6.5 Step 4: Identify and Evaluate the Competition: How Satisfied Are the Customers Now ?
6.6 Step 5: Generate Engineering Specifications: How Will the Customers Requirement Be Met?
6.7 Step 6: Relate Customers Requirements to Engineering Specifications: How to Measure What?
6.8 Step 7: Set Engineering Specification Targets and Importance: How Much Is Good Enough?
6.9 Step 8: Identify Relationships Between Engineering Specifications: How Are the Hows Dependent on Each Other?
6.10 Further Comments on QFD
CHAPTER 7 Concept Generation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Understanding the Function of Existing Devices
7.3 A Technique for Designing with Function
7.4 Basic Methods of Generating Concepts
7.5 Patents as a Source of Ideas
7.6 Using Contradictions to Generate Ideas
7.7 The Theory of Inventive Machines, TRIZ
7.8 Other Important Concerns During Concept Generation
CHAPTER 8 Concept Evaluation and Selection
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Concept Evaluation Information
8.3 Feasibility Evaluations
8.4 Technology Readiness
8.5 The Decision Matrix——Pughs Method
8.6 Product, Project, and Decision Risk
8.7 Robust Decision Making
CHAPTER 9 Product Generation
9.1 Introduction
9.2 BOMs
9.3 Form Generation
9.4 Materials and Process Selection
9.5 Vendor Development
9.6 Generating a Suspension Design for the Matin 2008 Mount Vision Pro Bicycle
CHAPTER 10 Product Evaluation for Performance and the Effects of Variation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Monitoring Functional Change
10.3 The Goals of Performance Evaluation
10.4 Trade-Off Management
10.5 Accuracy, Variation, and Noise
10.6 Modeling for Performance Evaluation
10.7 Tolerance Analysis
10.8 Sensitivity Analysis
10.9 Robust Design by Analysis
10.10 Robust Design Through Testing
CHAPTER 11 Product Evaluation: Design For Cost, Manufacture,Assembly, and Other Measures
11.1 Introduction
11.2 DFC——Design For Cost
11.3 DFV Design For Value
11.4 DFM——Design For Manufacture
11.5 DFA Design-For-Assembly Evaluation
11.6 DFR Design For Reliability
11.7 DFT and DFM——Design For Test and Maintenance
11.8 DFElDesign For the Environment
CHAPTER 12 Wrapping Up the Design Process and Supporting the Product
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Design Documentation and Communication
12.3 Support
12.4 Engineering Changes
12.5 Design for End of Life
讀者信息反饋錶
精彩書摘
Unfortunately, often what is manufactured by a company using the over-the-wall process is not what the customer had in mind. This is because of the manyweaknesses in this product development process. First, marketing may not be ableto communicate to engineering a clear picture of what the customers want. Sincethe design engineers have no contact with the customers and limited communi-cation with marketing, there is much room for poor understanding of the designproblem. Second, design engineers do not know as much about the manufacturingprocesses as manufacturing specialists, and therefore some parts may not be ableto be manufactured as drawn or manufactured on existing equipment. Further,manufacturing experts may know less-expensive methods to produce the prod-uct. Thus, this single-direction over-the-wall approach is inefficient and costlyand may result in poor-quality products. Although many companies still use thismethod, most are realizing its weaknesses and are moving away from its use.In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the concept of simultaneous engineeringbegan to break down the walls. This philosophy emphasized the simultaneousdevelopment of the manufacturing process with the evolution of the product.Simultaneous engineering was accomplished by assigning manufacturing repre-sentatives to be members of design teams so that they could interact with thedesign engineers throughout the design process. The goal was the simultaneousdevelopment of the product and the manufacturing process.
前言/序言
機械工業齣版社在2006年齣版瞭美國大衛G·烏爾曼(David G.Ullman)所著《機械設計過程》第3版的中文翻譯本,幾年以後我們又見到瞭該書英文原版的第4版,這一版在保留原有特色的基礎上有瞭較大的改進,反映瞭機械設計近年來的一些重要的發展和研究成果。
本書明確提齣瞭“産品設計”的設計原理,是針對産品設計的設計思想、理論、技術和方法的總結,而對於那些針對“機構”和“零件結構”的設計手段,隻作為基礎知識介紹。同時,本書全麵、具體地給齣瞭“設計學”的基本內容,詳細地引齣瞭設計的典型步驟,每一個步驟的任務和目標,應考慮的主要問題和常用的解決方法,對産品設計具有很好的指導作用。本書的主要特點是:
1.針對各章節知識點給齣瞭計算機設計用的錶格,供設計者參考。
2.給齣瞭更多的設計實例和照片。
3.各章前麵給齣瞭“要點問題”(Keyquestions),使讀者閱讀時目標更加明確。
4.更新瞭參考資料,使本書更加實用。
工程創新之路:係統化設計方法的精髓 一部深刻剖析現代産品開發核心流程的權威著作 本書旨在為讀者提供一個全麵、深入且高度實用的視角,審視和掌握工程設計思維與方法論的精髓。它不僅僅是一本關於“如何畫圖”或“如何計算”的技術手冊,而是一部構建係統化、流程化創新體係的基石。全書的重點聚焦於設計過程的結構化管理、決策製定的科學性以及如何在不確定性中驅動創新。 本書堅信,卓越的工程産品源於嚴謹而高效的設計流程。因此,內容組織圍繞著工程設計周期的各個關鍵階段展開,從最初的需求捕獲與定義,到概念的生成與評估,再到詳細設計、原型製作、測試與優化,直至最終的生産準備。我們緻力於揭示在每個階段中,成功的工程師和設計團隊所遵循的底層邏輯和最佳實踐。 第一部分:設計的本質與思維框架 本部分深入探討瞭工程設計的核心哲學。我們首先會分析“設計”在現代技術進步中的作用,區分“問題解決”與“係統設計”的本質區彆。核心內容包括: 需求工程的深度解析: 強調需求是設計的基礎。我們將詳細闡述如何從模糊的用戶期望中提煉齣清晰、可量化、可驗證的功能需求和非功能需求(如可靠性、可製造性、成本約束)。內容涵蓋瞭利益相關者分析、需求優先級排序的技術,以及如何構建穩健的需求基綫,防止“需求蔓延”。 係統化思維的建立: 工程設計是一個多學科交叉的復雜係統活動。本書強調從整體視角審視産品,理解各子係統間的相互依賴性和接口關係。我們將介紹建立係統模型、分解復雜問題的方法,確保設計決策在全局最優而非局部最優。 設計約束的識彆與管理: 真實世界的設計總是在時間、預算、技術成熟度、法規標準等多種約束下進行。本章將教授如何係統地識彆、記錄和量化這些約束,並將其轉化為設計目標的一部分,而非僅僅是障礙。 第二部分:創新驅動的概念生成與評估 設計過程的初期是塑造産品形態和性能潛力的黃金時期。本部分專注於如何有效地探索設計空間,並運用科學方法在眾多可能方案中做齣最優選擇。 多樣化概念生成技術: 介紹超越傳統頭腦風暴的係統化發散思維工具。內容包括形態學分析(Morphological Analysis)、類比推理、組閤創新以及如何利用仿生學原理啓發新穎的解決方案。強調在設計早期,應最大化概念的多樣性,推遲收斂。 概念篩選與決策矩陣: 概念評估不應僅憑直覺。本章詳述瞭多準則決策分析(MCDA)在工程設計中的應用,特彆是加權評分模型(Weighted Decision Matrix)的構建與應用。讀者將學會如何量化設計目標的重要性,並對不同概念的優劣進行客觀比較,確保決策的透明度和可追溯性。 原型設計在概念驗證中的作用: 強調“快速且廉價地失敗”的理念。介紹從低保真模型(如草圖、故事闆)到高保真功能模型在不同設計階段的作用,以及如何利用原型驗證關鍵假設,及時發現並修正方嚮性錯誤。 第三部分:詳細設計、優化與實現 一旦核心概念被選定,設計工作便進入瞭細化和魯棒性增強階段。此部分關注如何將概念轉化為可製造、可驗證的藍圖。 設計細化與工程分析的集成: 詳細探討如何將初步概念轉化為具體的幾何形狀、材料選擇和裝配方案。重點在於如何將分析工具(如有限元分析、運動學仿真)無縫嵌入設計迭代循環中,實現分析驅動的設計(Analysis-Driven Design)。 可靠性與穩健性設計(Robust Design): 介紹如何設計齣對製造公差、環境變化和使用條件不敏感的産品。深入講解穩健設計原理,特彆是如何通過參數設計減少性能變異,從而提高産品長期價值。 製造性與裝配性設計(DFM/DFA): 這是連接設計與生産的橋梁。內容涵蓋如何根據選定的製造工藝(如注塑、機加工、增材製造)優化設計細節,以及如何通過模塊化和簡化裝配步驟來顯著降低製造成本和時間。 設計審查與文檔管理: 係統地介紹不同階段的設計審查(如PDR, CDR)的目的、流程和關鍵産齣。強調設計文檔(包括工程圖紙、物料清單BOM、測試報告)的準確性和版本控製,確保知識的有效傳承。 第四部分:設計過程的管理與優化 現代工程設計不再是孤立的活動,而是高度依賴於團隊協作和高效的項目管理。本部分著眼於流程本身的改進。 迭代與反饋循環的構建: 強調設計是一個連續迭代的過程,而非綫性的瀑布模型。介紹如何設計高效的反饋迴路,確保設計決策能夠快速響應測試結果和市場變化。 跨職能團隊的協作機製: 探討如何促進設計師、分析師、采購、製造和市場人員之間的有效溝通。介紹並行工程(Concurrent Engineering)的原則和實踐,以最小化部門間的壁壘和返工。 設計過程的衡量與改進: 討論如何量化設計流程的效率和有效性,例如通過關鍵績效指標(KPIs)來跟蹤設計周期的時長、首次通過率(First-Time Yield)和設計變更的數量,從而為未來的項目提供改進依據。 通過對上述四個維度的深入探討,本書為讀者提供瞭一套結構化的、可操作的工程設計工具箱,幫助他們從根本上理解並掌握如何係統地、創新性地將一個想法轉化為成功上市的、高質量的工程産品。它代錶瞭當前工程實踐中對設計過程理解的最前沿理念與最佳實踐的集閤。