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《約束力學係統動力學(英文版)》共分46個章節,主要對約束力學係統的變分原理、運動方程、相關專門問題的理論與應用、積分方法、對稱性與守恒量等內容作瞭係統地闡述。該書可供各大專院校作為教材使用,也可供從事相關工作的人員作為參考用書使用。 內容簡介
約束力學係統的變分原理、運動方程、相關專門問題的理論與應用、積分方法、對稱性與守恒量等內容,具有很高的學術價值,為方便國際學術交流,譯成英文齣版。全書共分為六個部分:第一部分:約束力學係統的基本概念。本部分包含6章,介紹分析力學的主要基本概念;第二部分:約束力學係統的變分原理。本部分有5章,闡述微分變分原理、積分變分原理以及Pfaff-Birkhoff原理;第三部分:約束力學係統的運動微分方程。本部分共11章,係統介紹完整係統、非完整係統的各類運動方程;第四部分:約束力學係統的專門問題。本部分有8章,討論運動穩定性和微擾理論、剛體定點轉動、相對運動動力學、可控力學係統動力學、打擊運動動力學、變質量係統動力學、機電係統動力學、事件空間動力學等內容;第五部分:約束力學係統的積分方法。本部分有6章,介紹降階方法、動力學代數與Poisson方法、正則變換、Hamilton-Jacobi方法、場方法、積分不變量;第六部分:約束力學係統的對稱性與守恒量。本部分共10章,討論Noether對稱性、Lie對稱性、形式不變性,以及由它們導緻的各種守恒量。《約束力學係統動力學(英文版)》的齣版必將引起國內外同行的關注,對該領域的發展將起到重要的推動作用。 作者簡介
Mei Fengxiang (1938-), a native of Shenyang, China, and a graduate of the Department of Mathematics and Mechanics of Peking University (in 1963) and Ecole Nationalle Superiere de M6canique (Docteur dEtat, 1982), has been teaching theoretical mechanics, analytical mechanics, dynamics of nonholonomic systems, stability of motion, and applications of Lie groups and Lie algebras to constrained mechanical systems at Beijing Institute of Technology. His research interests are in the areas of dynamics of constrained systems and mathematical methods in mechanics. He currently directs 12 doctoral candidates. He was a visiting professor at ENSM (1981-1982) and Universit LAVAL (1994). Mei has authored over 300 research papers and is the author of the following 10 books (in Chinese): Foundations of Mechanics of Nonholonomic Systems (1985); Researches on Nonholonomic Dynamics (1987); Foundations of Analytical Mechanics (1987); Special Problems in Analytical Mechanics (1988); Mechanics of Variable Mass Systems (1989); Advanced Analytical Mechanics (1991); Dynamics of Birkhoffian System (1996); Stability of Motion of Constrained Mechanical Systems (1997); Symmetries and Invariants of Mechanical Systems (1999); and Applications of Lie Groups and Lie Algebras to Constrained Mechanical Systems (1999). 目錄
Ⅰ Fundamental Concepts in Constrained Mechanical Systems
1 Constraints and Their Classification
1.1 Constraints
1.2 Equations of Constraint
1.3 Classification of Constraints
1.3.1 Holonomic Constraints and Nonholonomic Constraints
1.3.2 Stationary Constraints and Non-stationary Constraints
1.3.3 Unilateral Constraints and Bilateral Constraints
1.3.4 Passive Constraints and Active Constraints
1.4 Integrability Theorem of Differential Constraints
1.5 Generalization of the Concept of Constraints
1.5.1 First Integral as Nonholonomic Constraints
1.5.2 Controllable System as Holonomic or Nonholonomic System
1.5.3 Nonholonomic Constraints of Higher Order
1.5.4 Restriction on Change of Dynamical Properties as Constraint
1.6 Remarks
2 Generalized Coordinates
2.1 Generalized Coordinates
2.2 Generalized Velocities
2.3 Generalized Accelerations
2.4 Expression of Equations of Nonholonomic Constraints in Terms of Generalized Coordinates and Generalized Velocities
2.5 Remarks
3 Quasi-Velocities and Quasi-Coordinates
3.1 Quasi-Velocities
3.2 Quasi-Coordinates
3.3 Quasi-Accelerations
3.4 Remarks
4 Virtual Displacements
4.1 Virtual Displacements
4.1.1 Concept of Virtual Displacements
4.1.2 Condition of Constraints Exerted on Virtual Displacements
4.1.3 Degree of Freedom
4.2 Necessary and Sufficient Condition Under Which Actual Displacement Is One of Virtual Displacements
4.3 Generalization of the Concept of Virtual Displacement
4.4 Remarks
5 Ideal Constraints
5.1 Constraint Reactions
5.2 Examples of Ideal Constraints
5.3 Importance and Possibility of Hypothesis of Ideal Constraints
5.4 Remarks
6 Transpositional Relations of Differential and Variational Operations
6.1 Transpositional Relations for First Order Nonholonomic Systems
6.1.1 Transpositional Relations in Terms of Generalized Coordinates
6.1.2 Transpositional Relations in Terms of Quasi-Coordinates
6.2 Transpositional Relations of Higher Order Nonholonomic Systems
6.2.1 Transpositional Relations in Terms of Generalized Coordinates
6.2.2 Transpositional Relations in Terms of Quasi-Coordinates
6.3 Vujanovic Transpositional Relations
6.3.1 Transpositional Relations for Holonomic Nonconservative Systems
6.3.2 Transpositional Relations for Nonholonomic Systems
6.4 Remarks
Ⅱ Variational Principles in Constrained Mechanical Systems
7 Differential Variational Principles
7.1 DAlembert-Lagrange Principle
7.1.1 DAlembert Principle
7.1.2 Principle of Virtual Displacements
7.1.3 DAlembert-Lagrange Principle
7.1.4 DAlembert-Lagrange Principle in
Terms of Generalized Coordinates
7.2 Jourdain Principle
7.2.1 Jourdain Principle
7.2.2 Jourdain Principle in Terms of Generalized Coordinates
7.3 Gauss Principle
7.3.1 Gauss Principle
7.3.2 Gauss Principle in Terms of Generalized Coordinates
7.4 Universal DAlerabert Principle
7.4.1 Universal DAlembert Principle
7.4.2 Universal DAlembert Principle in
Terms of Generalized Coordinates
7.5 Applications of Gauss Principle
7.5.1 Simple Applications
7.5.2 Application of Gauss Principle in Robot Dynamics
7.5.3 Application of Gauss Principle in Study Approximate Solution of Equations of Nonlinear Vibration
7.6 Remarks
8 Integral Variational Principles in Terms of Generalized Coordinates for Holonomic Systems
8.1 Hamiltons Principle
8.1.1 Hamiltons Principle
8.1.2 Deduction of Lagrange Equations
by Means of Hamiltons Principle
8.1.3 Character of Extreme of Hamiltons Principle
8.1.4 Applications in Finding Approximate Solution
8.1.5 Hamiltons Principle for General Holonomic Systems
8.2 Lagranges Principle
8.2.1 Non-contemporaneous Variation
8.2.2 Lagranges Principle
8.2.3 Other Forms of Lagranges Principle
8.2.4 Deduction of Lagrangcs Equations by Means of Lagranges Principle
8.2.5 Generalization of Lagranges Principle to Non-conservative Systems and Its Application
8.3 Remarks
9 Integral Variational Principles in Terms of Quasi-Coordinates for Holonomic Systems
9.1 Hamiltons Principle in Terms of Quasi-Coordinates
9.1.1 Hamiltons Principle
9.1.2 Transpositional Relations
9.1.3 Deduction of Equations of Motion in Terms of Quasi-Coordinates by Means of Hamiltons Principle
9.1.4 Hamiltons Principle for General Holonomic Systems
9.2 Lagranges Principle in Terms of Quasi-Coordinates
9.2.1 Lagranges Principle
9.2.2 Deduction of Equations of Motion in Terms of Quasi-Coordinates by Means of Lagranges Principle
9.3 Remarks
l0 Integral Variational Principles for Nonholonomic Systems
10.1 Definitions of Variation
10.1.1 Necessity of Definition of Variation of Generalized Velocities for Nonholonomic Systems
10.1.2 Suslovs Definition
10.1.3 HSlders Definition
10.2 Integral Variational Principles in Terms of Generalized Coordinates for Nonholonomic Systems
10.2.1 Hamiltons Principle for Nonholonomic Systems
10.2.2 Necessary and Sufficient Condition Under Which Hamiltons Principle for Nonholonomic Systems Is Principle of Stationary Action
10.2.3 Deduction of Equations of Motion for Nonholonomie Systems by Means of Hamiltons Principle
10.2.4 General Form of Hamiltons Principle for Nonhononomic Systems
10.2.5 Lagranges Principle in Terms of Generalized Coordinates for Nonholonomic Systems
10.3 Integral Variational Principle in Terms of QuasiCoordinates for Nonholonomic Systems
10.3.1 Hamiltons Principle in Terms of Quasi-Coordinates
10.3.2 Lagranges Principle in Terms of Quasi-Coordinates
10.4 Remarks
11 Pfaff-Birkhoff Principle
11.1 Statement of Pfaff-Birkhoff Principle
11.2 Hamiltons Principle as a Particular Case of Pfaff-Birkhoff Principle
11.3 Birkhoffs Equations
11.4 Pfaff-Birkhoff-dAlembert Principle
11.5 Remarks
III Differential Equations of Motion of Constrained Mechanical
Systems
12 Lagrange Equations of Holonomic Systems
12.1 Lagrange Equations of Second Kind
12.2 Lagrange Equations of Systems with Redundant Coordinates
12.3 Lagrange Equations in Terms of Quasi-Coordinates
12.4 Lagrange Equations with Dissipative Function
12.5 Remarks
13 Lagrange Equations with Multiplier for Nonholonomic Systems
13.1 Deduction of Lagrange Equations with Multiplier
13.2 Determination of Nonholonomic Constraint Forces
13.3 Remarks
14 Mac Millan Equations for Nonholonomie Systems
14.1 Deduction of Mac Millan Equations
14.2 Application of Mac MiUan Equations
14.3 Remarks
15 Volterra Equations for Nonholonomic Systems
15.1 Deduction of Generalized Volterra Equations
15.2 Volterra Equations and Their Equivalent Forms
15.2.1 Volterra Equations of First Form
15.2.2 Volterra Equations of Second Form
15.2.3 Volterra Equations of Third Form
15.2.4 Volterra Equations of Fourth Form
15.3 Application of Volterra Equations
15.4 Remarks
16 Chaplygin Equations for Nonholonomic Systems
16.1 Generalized Chaplygin Equations
16.2 Voronetz Equations
16.3 Chaplygin Equations
16.4 Chaplygin Equations in Terms of Quasi-Coordinates
16.5 Application of Chaplygin Equations
16.6 Remarks
……
Ⅳ Special Problems in Constrained Mechanical Systems
Ⅴ Integration Methods in Constrained Mechanical Systems
Ⅵ Symmetries and Conserved Quantities in Constrained Mechanical Systems 前言/序言
This book is entitled Dynamics of Constrained Mechanical Systems. The constrained mechanical systems,in my opinion,contain the three kinds of the systems, i.e. the holonomic systems, the nonholonomic systems and the Birkhoff systems. The book covers the following six parts.
Part I Fundamental Concepts in Constrained Mechanical Systems. The part has 6 chapters: Constraints and their classification, Generalized coordinates, Quasi-velocities and quasicoordinates, Virtual displacements, Ideal constraints, Transpositional relations of differential and variational operators.
Part II Variational Principles in Constrained Mechanical Systems. It covers 5 chapters: Differential variational principles, Integral variational principles in terms of generalized coordinates for holonomic systems, Integral variational principles in terms of quasi-coordinates for holonomic systems, Integral variational principles for nonholonomic systems, Pfaff-Birkhoff principle.
Part III Differential Equations of Motion of Constrained Mechanical Systems. It covers 11 chapters: Lagrange equations of holonomic systems, Lagrange equations with multiplier for nonholonomic systems, Mac Millan equations for nonholonomic systems, Volterra equations for nonholonomic systems, Chaplygin equations for nonholonomic systems, Boltzmann-Hamel equations for nonholonomic systems, Euler-Lagrange equations for higher order honholonomic systems, Nielsen equations, Appell equations, Equations of motion of mixed type, Canonical equations.
Part IV Special Problems in Constrained Mechanical Systems. It covers 8 chapters: Stability of motion and theory of small oscillations, Dynamics of rigid body with fixed point, Dynamics of relative motion, Dynamics of controllable mechanical systems, Dynamics of impulsive motion, Dynamics of variable mass systems, Dynamics of electromechanical systems, Dynamics in event space.
Part V Integration Methods in Constrained Mechanical Systems. It covers 6 chapters: Methods of reduction of order, Dynamics algebra and Poisson method, Canonical transformations, Hamilton-Jacobi method, Field method, Integral invariants.
Part VI Symmetries and Conserved Quantities in Constrained Mechanical Systems. The part has 10 chapters: Noether symmetries and conserved quantities, Lie symmetries and Hojman conserved quantities, Form invariance and new conserved quantities, Noether symmetries and Hojman conserved quantities, Noether symmetries and new conserved quantities, Lie symmetries and Noether conserved quantities~ Lie symmetries and new conserved quantities, Form invariance and Noether conserved quantities, Form invariance and Hojman conserved quantities, Unified symmetries and conserved quantities.
好的,這是一本關於“約束力學係統動力學(英文版) [Dynamics of Constrained Mechanical Systems]”的圖書簡介,內容詳細,但完全不涉及該特定書目的內容,旨在描述一個假想的、相關但不同的動力學著作。 --- 書籍簡介:現代係統動力學理論與高級建模方法 書名:高級非完整係統與多體動力學建模 (Advanced Modeling of Nonholonomic Systems and Multibody Dynamics) 內容概述 本書深入探討瞭在復雜工程應用中日益重要的——那些受到顯式或隱式運動限製的機械係統。我們不再局限於處理簡單的、理想化的受約束係統,而是將焦點投嚮瞭那些具有顯著非完整性(nonholonomic constraints)、時變約束以及高維自由度的人造和自然係統。本書旨在為研究人員、高級工程師以及研究生提供一個堅實的理論基礎和實用工具集,以便精確地理解和控製這些復雜的動力學行為。 全書結構清晰,從基礎的經典力學原理齣發,逐步引入現代微分幾何和李群理論在係統建模中的應用,強調如何將抽象的數學概念轉化為可操作的工程模型。我們詳細闡述瞭如何處理約束方程的演化,尤其關注在奇異點附近或在快變約束環境下的穩定性問題。 核心章節與技術亮點 第一部分:約束係統的基礎重構 本部分迴顧瞭牛頓-歐拉法、拉格朗日形式的變分原理,並將其擴展到受約束係統的分析中。我們重點介紹瞭微分代數方程(DAEs)在描述約束動力學中的核心作用。 約束的分類與幾何錶述: 詳細區分瞭完整約束(holonomic)和非完整約束(nonholonomic),並引入瞭切空間和約束流形的幾何概念。討論瞭如何利用微分形式和外導數來簡潔地錶達約束條件。 投影算子方法: 闡述瞭如何通過約束力的投影來簡化運動方程,避免顯式地消除約束變量,從而更好地處理大型、稀疏的約束係統。 最小作用量原理的推廣: 探討瞭在存在外部作用和內部約束力的情況下,廣義最小作用量原理的適用邊界和修改形式。 第二部分:非完整係統動力學分析 這是本書的核心,專注於那些路徑依賴性約束係統的分析技術。這類係統在機器人學(如移動機器人)、車輛動力學和空間姿態控製中無處不在。 李群與李代數方法: 引入微分幾何工具,特彆是李群理論,用於描述和分析具有鏇轉或平移不變性的非完整係統。我們展示瞭如何使用指數映射和對數映射來構造係統的運動描述,這對於數值求解具有顯著的穩定性優勢。 龐加萊-卡爾曼(Poincaré-Kalman)積分法: 針對時變約束係統,本章詳細介紹瞭如何構造恰當的積分不變量(如果存在)或準不變量,以簡化高維係統的分析,並討論瞭這些不變量在能控性分析中的應用。 受限係統的能理分析: 傳統的能量守恒定律在非完整係統中往往失效或需要重新定義。我們引入瞭推廣的能量函數和耗散勢的概念,用以評估係統在約束作用下的能量傳遞和耗散行為。 第三部分:數值方法與控製設計 本部分側重於將理論轉化為實際可操作的計算模型和控製策略。 約束係統的數值積分: 傳統的龍格-庫塔方法在處理微分代數方程時容易産生能量漂移和約束違反。本書詳細比較瞭約束保持積分器(Constraint-Preserving Integrators),如投影法和修正的歐拉-拉格朗日方法,以及它們在長期仿真中的錶現。 反饋綫性化與反步法(Backstepping)的應用: 對於可控的非完整係統,我們展示瞭如何利用輸入-狀態綫性化技術來簡化控製律的設計。特彆關注瞭利用虛擬約束(Virtual Constraints)來設計穩定跟蹤控製器的過程。 運動規劃與可達性分析: 基於卡爾曼可控性理論,本章分析瞭復雜多體係統(如蛇形機器人或柔性機械臂)在特定約束下的運動極限,並提齣瞭基於優化和最優控製的路徑生成算法。 目標讀者與應用領域 本書麵嚮具有紮實的經典力學和控製理論背景的工程師和研究人員。它不僅是理論力學研究生課程的理想教材,也是從事以下領域研究和設計的專業人員的重要參考: 1. 高級機器人學: 移動機器人、人形機器人、多足係統以及柔順機構的動力學建模與控製。 2. 車輛與航空航天動力學: 具有非完整運動學特性的車輛(如卡車、飛機起落架)和航天器的姿態穩定與軌道控製。 3. 精密機械設計: 凸輪機構、齒輪傳動係統以及具有接觸碰撞的機電耦閤係統的動態性能分析。 4. 生物力學: 人體運動(如步態分析)中的肌肉骨骼約束建模。 本書通過大量的理論推導、詳細的例子和現代化的數學工具,緻力於培養讀者深入理解和解決約束係統動力學挑戰的能力。 ---