Why We Do What We Do 英文原版 [平装] pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025

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☆☆☆☆☆

Edward L. Deci，Richard Flaste 著

图书标签:

• Psychology
• Behavioral Science
• Human Behavior
• Motivation
• Self-Help
• Decision Making
• Social Psychology
• Habits
• Personal Growth
• Mindset

出版社： Penguin

ISBN：9780140255263

商品编码：19124895

包装：平装

出版时间：1996-08-28

页数：240

正文语种：英文

商品尺寸：20.168x12.852x1.168cm;0.172kg

内容简介

Just tell me what's good! For those who have a taste for accessible, affordable wines and a distaste for comparative shopping. With tens of thousands of wines competing for attention, tough economic times, and time-pressed wine drinkers, there has never been a better time to buy popular wines. Good, Better, Best Wines is the first book that focuses exclusively on "big brands," breaking them down to good, better and best, and by price. Each taste-tested wine is accompanied by a photo of the bottle, for ease of identification, as well as tasting notes, food matches, trade secrets, and more. Wine lovers will save the time they'd be comparing to have more time for tasting. Coverage includes: ?White wines-blends, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio/ Gris, Fume/Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, and others ?Red wines-blends, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah/Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Zinfandel, and others ?Rosés and sparkling wines ?The basics on buying wines, from vintages to screwcaps, and storing, serving, and tasting wine

作者简介

Edward L. Deci, Ph.D., professor of pyschology at the University of Rochester, is director of its human motivation program.Richard Flaste, former Science and Health Editor of The New York Times, led the team that won the Pulitzer Prize for national reporting in 1987.

精彩书评

From Barnes & Noble Gourmet magazine anointed his Chicago eatery Alinea "the best restaurant in America" and Michelin awarded it with three stars, but perhaps the greatest moment in Grant Achatz's life occurred when he received the news that he is free of the tongue cancer that threatened every facet of his life. During his anxiety-raising treatment and recovery, the man the New York Times praised for his "mischievous, science-project cooking" continued to explore his passion, improvising and relying on those around him, including co-owner (and co-author) Nick Kokonas. Foodies who enjoyed the restaurant or the eponymous 2008 book will be struck and impressed by this memoir about a remarkable man and his miraculous recovery. Publishers Weekly In this curious memoir, chef Achatz and his business partner, Kokonas tell of their Chicago restaurant, Alinea, as well as his cancer diagnosis and recovery. Achatz grew up in Michigan in and around restaurants, the only child of a troubled marriage who spent an otherwise contented adolescence around kitchens. He eventually attended the Culinary Institute of America and studied with Charlie Trotter and Thomas Keller with whom he began developing both his palate and culinary vision. He returned to Chicago, where he met Kokonas, who became his business partner in 2005, when they opened Alinea. As Alinea evolves from drawing board to reality, the narrative alternates between the two men's voices. They discuss finding the right team of chefs and dealing with Achatz's diagnosis with stage IV tongue cancer (Achatz had his tongue removed). The various narratives—childhood, professional development, Alinea, Kokonas, illness—have individual strengths, but the whole feels oddly disjointed and in places, such as the section on the restaurant's genesis and development, turn into more of a business how-to. Nevertheless, the authors duly convey their passion as well as a solid business philosophy. (Mar.) More Reviews (9) Fewer Reviews Chicago magazine Grant Achatz's brilliance and maturing sensibility are on display in this elegant two-story haven--and the experience is every bit as dramatic as at the theatre neighbors." Chicago Tribune Alinea is a thrill ride of a dining experience, one that leaves you exhilarated, spent and eager for more. Details "Grant Achatz is aggressively pushing inventive cuisine forward, forcing the rest of the country's toque-heads to keep pace." Food & Wine "Grant Achatz at Alinea comes up with creations that aren't just cutting-edge---they're also absolutely delicious." Gourmet Grant Achatz is redefining the American restaurant once again for an entirely new generation. Vogue Grant Achatz is one of America's great chefs. Wall Street Journal "Mr. Achatz is like a ringmaster running a highly sophisticated and technically accomplished cirque de cuisine." Library Journal Writing with the panache of professionals, Achatz, chef and owner of Chicago's Alinea, and his business partner, Kokonas, relate the story of Achatz's life and work in a memoir that lives up to its expansive subtitle. Winner of the 2008 James Beard Outstanding Chef Award, Achatz has been at the forefront of molecular gastronomy. Though the authors rely heavily on terms perhaps unfamiliar to readers outside the restaurant world (e.g., lardoon, brunoise, torchon, commis), descriptions of Achatz's creations are mouthwatering. Most of the book covers the years of his rising stardom and keeps readers' interest with details of each restaurant in which he worked. Just after opening Alinea, Achatz was diagnosed with advanced cancer of the tongue. He discusses his harrowing battle in sometimes graphic detail and brings readers to the happy ending of his remission and continued culinary success. VERDICT Achatz and Kokonas share an engaging, well-written, and informative description of what it's like to work in commercial kitchens along with the stirring story of Achatz's fight for his life. Recommended for a range of memoir readers. [See Prepub Alert, LJ 10/1/10.]—Elizabeth Rogers, CEF Lib. Syst., Plattsburgh, NY Kirkus Reviews One of America's most decorated chefs relates the triumphal story of his culinary genesis and epic battle with tongue cancer. The unlikely comma in the title of this 36-year-old's memoir, seemingly choking off the subject before it's developed, wonderfully captures the pivotal pause cancer forced the young chef to take during his meteoric rise in the restaurant world. Witnessed and told in part by business partner Kokonas, Achatz's story begs comparison more with sports greats like Andre Agassi and Lance Armstrong, who famously surmounted gross physical challenges to reach the pinnacle of their careers, than with other culinary lions. While his untimely diagnosis with carcinoma of the tongue at age 33 may have compelled Achatz to share his story of life "on the line" with a mainstream audience, the bulk of the memoir focuses on the chef's extraordinary culinary journey. From cracking eggs at age seven in his grandmother's café, to opening Alinea in Chicago at 31, which was subsequently named the best restaurant in the country byGourmetin 2006, Achatz writes that the great challenge of his younger life was matching the culinary achievement of those around him. "All of my life I was surrounded by success"—including his parents, who owned their own restaurant before they were 30, exposure to the uncompromising demands of Charlie Trotter and mentoring by the inimitable Thomas Keller. "The whole time I wanted to be as good as all of them," he writes. "I knew the only way to come close to that was to do something different; otherwise, I would always be in their shadows." With an unrelenting work ethic and crackerjack imagination that has yielded gastronomic gems like foie gras lozenges enrobed in bittersweet chocolate or lavender-flavored popsicles, not to mention a revolutionary approach to food preparation and presentation, Achatz has demonstrated success at achieving "different." But what makes this memoir ring true for those beyond the world of the professional kitchen is the author's understated rise to the challenge of his life-altering trauma. Revelatory and inspiring.

前言/序言

探索人类行为的深层驱动力：一本关于动机、决策与人类心智的综合指南 书名： 《驱动力：我们为何如此行事》 (Why We Do What We Do) 简介： 本书并非聚焦于单一的心理学流派或理论模型，而是一部宏大、包罗万象的深度研究，旨在解剖人类行为背后的复杂引擎——动机。它带领读者踏上一场跨越神经科学、行为经济学、社会心理学乃至人类进化史的探险之旅，力求构建一个关于“我们为何选择如此，而非彼”的全面理解框架。 第一部分：古老的蓝图与本能的残留 人类的行为模式，无论多么现代和复杂，其根基深植于数百万年的进化历程之中。本书的第一部分着重探讨那些驱动我们最基本生存需求的底层机制。 1. 恐惧与安全感的铁律： 我们对威胁的快速反应机制如何塑造我们的决策？从杏仁核的即时警报到社会排斥的痛苦，作者深入剖析了恐惧作为一种高效的生存工具，如何在现代社会中以焦虑、拖延或过度保护的形式显现。这里探讨了“逃跑或战斗”反应在非物理威胁情境下的隐秘运作方式。 2. 奖赏回路的永恒诱惑： 多巴胺系统，这个被誉为“渴望的分子”，如何成为我们寻求满足、成瘾和目标设定的核心驱动力？本书不仅介绍了经典的巴甫洛夫式条件反射，更深入解析了“预期价值”在奖励机制中的作用——我们常常为“即将得到”而付出的努力，远超实际获得后的满足感。这部分内容对理解消费主义、数字媒体的粘性和短期满足的诱惑力至关重要。 3. 亲密与归属的生物学必要性： 人类是社会性动物，对连接的需求是刻在基因里的。作者考察了催产素和内啡肽在建立信任、合作与家庭纽带中的作用。我们对被接纳的渴望，是如何驱动我们在群体中调整自身行为、遵守规范，甚至牺牲个人利益以维护群体和谐的？这部分内容探讨了群体认同感如何成为强大的行为塑造力量。 第二部分：认知过滤器与心智捷径 人类的心智为了应对信息过载，进化出了一套高效但充满偏见的“节能模式”。第二部分专注于认知心理学如何干扰我们对现实的客观评估，并引导我们走向次优甚至有害的决策。 4. 启发式思维与判断偏差： 诺贝尔奖得主丹尼尔·卡尼曼提出的“系统一”和“系统二”理论被置于更广阔的背景下考察。本书详细阐述了可得性启发（我们倾向于相信容易想起来的）、锚定效应（初始信息对后续判断的过度影响）以及代表性启发如何系统性地误导我们的日常判断，从投资决策到招聘面试。 5. 确认偏误的自我维护： 我们都倾向于寻找、解释和记住那些支持我们已有信念的信息。作者探讨了确认偏误如何成为自我身份认同的保护伞，它如何阻碍学习、固化意识形态分歧，并使得理性辩论变得异常困难。这里不仅有心理学实验，更有对媒体消费习惯的深入剖析。 6. 损失厌恶的沉重枷锁： 损失带来的痛苦感大约是获得等量收益快乐的两倍。这种损失厌恶如何使人固守错误的投资、维持不健康的关系，或对小的风险采取极端的规避行动？本书展示了这一非理性偏见如何主导金融市场和个人生活中的“沉没成本谬误”。 第三部分：外部环境与社会互动 动机并非总源于内在冲突，外部环境和社会结构对我们的行为有着不可磨灭的影响。第三部分转向社会影响和文化背景对个体选择的塑造。 7. 权威的盲从与情境的力量： 斯坦福监狱实验和米尔格拉姆电击实验的现代回响是什么？本书分析了服从权威的社会压力如何压倒个体的道德罗盘，并探讨了责任分散在组织行为中的微妙影响。关键在于理解情境（Context）如何重塑个体的人格表现。 8. 动机的外部化：奖励的悖论： 当内在兴趣被外部奖励取代时会发生什么？“过度理由效应”揭示了，给予金钱或赞扬来激励一项本来就令人愉悦的活动，反而可能削弱长期动机。本书探讨了如何设计奖励机制，既能提供即时反馈，又不扼杀深层次的自主性和掌握感。 9. 叙事构建的身份需求： 人类需要对自己是谁有一个连贯的故事。我们不断地重写过去的经历，以确保我们的行为符合我们“想成为的那个人”。自我叙事如何成为一种强大的内在动机，驱使我们去采取与我们身份标签一致的行动，即使这些行动在客观上并不合理？ 第四部分：自主性、意义与超越 在满足了基础需求和认知捷径的分析之后，本书的最后一部分转向了更高层次的需求——自我决定论（Self-Determination Theory）和存在主义的驱动力。 10. 自主性、胜任感与联结： 德西和瑞安的自我决定理论构成了对人类成长的核心理解。我们天生需要感到自己对生活有掌控（自主性），擅长某些事情（胜任感），并且与他人有意义的联系（联结）。本书详细论述了当这三种核心心理需求得到满足时，产生的内在动机的持久力量。 11. 追求意义而非幸福： 最终，人类的许多行为都指向一个超越即时享乐的目标——意义。作者区分了“享乐主义的快乐”和“存在主义的意义”。探寻个人存在的目的、为更宏大的目标服务，往往是驱动人们在逆境中坚持、并最终感到满足的终极动力。本书鼓励读者审视自己的“为何”，并将其与生活中的选择对齐。 结论：行为的交响乐 《驱动力》总结道，人类行为并非由单一开关控制，而是一场由进化本能、认知偏误、社会压力和意义追求共同演奏的复杂交响乐。理解“我们为何如此行事”，不是为了进行事后批判，而是为了提供工具，使我们能够更有意识地设计我们的环境、教育我们的孩子，并最终，更明智地驾驭我们自己的选择。它提供了一种深刻的洞察力，帮助读者从被动反应者转变为主动的设计者。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

从装帧和排版的角度来看，这本书的设计也体现出一种对内容严肃性的尊重。纸张的质感厚实而沉稳，即便是长时间阅读也不会感到眼睛疲劳，这对于一本需要反复研读的书来说至关重要。在内容组织上，我注意到作者非常注重逻辑的连贯性，每一章的过渡都像是精密齿轮的咬合，紧密无缝。它构建了一个从宏观的生存本能到微观的个体选择的完整路径图。我个人觉得，这本书的价值不在于它能“解决”你的具体问题，而在于它能让你“重新定义”你的问题。举个例子，过去我可能只关注“我如何才能更快地完成任务”，读完之后，我开始问自己：“我为什么要以这种速度来完成任务？这种速度背后的驱动力是什么？它服务于我真实的长期目标，还是仅仅在回应外界设定的短期压力？”这种提问方式的转变，是这本书带给我最宝贵的东西。它不是提供了一碗热腾腾的鸡汤，而更像是一套精密的工具箱，里面装满了用于自我拆解和重建的各种螺丝刀和扳手。阅读体验是深刻且具有持久影响力的，它像是一次对心灵底层的“深度扫描”，让人在看完之后，对镜中那个每天与自己相处的人，有了更复杂、也更真实、更具同情心的认识。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

这本书的论证过程，让我体会到了一种久违的智力上的“搏击感”。它不是那种轻松愉快的阅读体验，相反，它更像是在进行一场思想上的马拉松。作者在铺陈观点时，采用了大量的跨学科引用，从进化心理学到哲学思辨，再到社会学观察，每一个论点似乎都有坚实的后盾。我最欣赏的一点是，作者从不轻易下定论，他更热衷于提出更深刻的问题，让读者在迷宫中自行摸索路径。这种处理方式，使得这本书的“保质期”非常长，很多在阅读初期感到困惑的概念，随着后续章节的展开，会自然而然地获得清晰的注解。它挑战了许多我们习以为常的常识，比如关于“自由意志”的传统定义，以及我们对“理性决策”的盲目崇拜。每一次我以为自己抓住了作者的核心观点时，他总能抛出一个新的维度来拓展或颠覆我之前的理解。这种智力上的挑战性，反而让我欲罢不能，仿佛每读完一个章节，我的思维的“肌肉”都得到了有效的锻炼。这本书迫使我跳出自己狭隘的视角，去审视人类作为一个物种在时间和环境背景下的行为模式，这种宏大叙事的引入，极大地拔高了这本书的格局。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

这本书的行文风格，用“如同一位技艺精湛的雕塑家在打磨璞玉”来形容或许最为贴切。它绝非那种充满煽动性口号的书籍，你不会在其中找到任何“立刻改变人生”的速效药方。相反，它更像是一部深沉的哲学散文，夹杂着严谨的学术论据。作者的语言驾驭能力令人叹服，他能够将那些晦涩难懂的行为科学概念，用极其生活化、甚至带点诗意的比喻阐述出来，使得即便是对心理学领域知之甚少的读者也能窥见其精髓。我记得有段关于“习惯形成”的论述，他没有直接引用大量的实验数据，而是描述了一个人如何在一成不变的日常路径中，潜意识地强化了某种行为模式，那种描述的画面感极强，让我仿佛能看到自己每天早上拿起手机的那一刻，背后隐藏的无数次微小选择是如何累积起来的。这种文学性的表达，极大地降低了阅读门槛，但其内在的逻辑骨架却异常坚固。它拒绝一切廉价的慰藉，直面人性的幽暗与矛盾，这让我感到非常尊重。我读完后合上书本，不是有一种“我学到了新知识”的肤浅满足感，而更像是在一次长途跋涉后，站在一座高山上，俯瞰自己生活的全貌，虽然风景依然崎岖，但方向感却从未如此明确。这种对复杂性的尊重，使得这本书的价值远超一般的自助类读物。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

购买这本书其实是一个有些冲动的决定，当时我正在经历职业生涯的一个小小的瓶颈期，总感觉自己被困在一个重复的、无法突破的循环里，但又说不清究竟是什么在束缚着我。我原本期望找到一本能提供“行动指南”的书，然而，这本书提供给我的，却是一张绘制着“心智地图”的蓝图。它的结构设计得非常巧妙，仿佛是引导你进行一次“逆向工程”。作者不是直接告诉你“你应该做什么”，而是引导你去拆解“你为什么会成为现在的你”。这种由内而外的解构方式，要求读者付出极大的耐心和诚实。我必须承认，有些章节读起来是令人不适的，因为它迫使我正视那些我一直刻意逃避的、甚至有些羞耻的动机。比如，它对“恐惧驱动”与“渴望驱动”之间模糊界限的探讨，让我对过去一些看似英勇的决定产生了彻底的重估。这本书的魅力就在于它的“去中心化”——它不把读者塑造成一个等待被拯救的对象，而是把读者看作一个充满潜能的研究课题。我发现自己开始在日常对话中，不自觉地运用书中的某些框架去分析他人的行为，当然，更多的是分析我自己。这是一种潜移默化的改变，不是那种“今天我要比昨天更积极”的口号式激励，而是一种更深层次的“理解”所带来的力量，那种力量是扎根于土壤，而非浮于表面的。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

这本书的封面设计本身就充满了引人深思的魅力，那种略显复古的字体搭配沉静的底色，让人一眼就能感受到它不是一本轻松的消遣读物，而是一次严肃的内心探索之旅。我是在一个寻常的周日下午，带着一种对生活现状的模糊不安感翻开它的。坦白说，最初的几页阅读体验是有些挑战的，作者似乎不太急于给出明确的答案，而是像一位经验丰富的心理向导，先将你带入一个充满疑问和自我怀疑的迷雾之中。他构建的叙事框架非常精巧，不是那种直白的“你为什么会这样”，而是通过一系列精选的案例和理论，巧妙地引导读者自己去审视那些隐藏在日常行为之下的驱动力。我尤其欣赏作者在处理复杂人性议题时的那种微妙的平衡感，他既不偏向于极端的积极心理学，也不沉溺于病态的解读，而是保持了一种近乎科学家的客观，同时又保有对人类情感深切的同情。这种娓娓道来的叙事节奏，反而迫使我放慢了阅读速度，强迫我停下来，不是为了理解书中的概念，而是为了对照我自己的过往经历。比如，书中对“成就动机”的某种解构，让我突然意识到，我过去追逐的很多“成功”，可能只是为了满足一种外界赋予的期待，而非我内心深处真正的渴望。这种“顿悟”的感觉，是通过作者层层递进的论证最终达成的，阅读的过程，与其说是吸收知识，不如说更像是一场漫长而深入的自我访谈。我感觉我的思绪被不断地拉扯，从对外部世界的观察，到对内部动机的挖掘，整个过程是耗费心神的，但结束后，内心却获得了一种罕见的清晰感和宁静。