基本信息
書名:熱帶重要作物病蟲害防治技術英文培訓教材
定價:58.00元
作者:單國燕,楚小強,林培群
齣版社:中國農業科學技術齣版社
齣版日期:2017-06-01
ISBN:9787511629456
字數:
頁碼:248
版次:1
裝幀:平裝
開本:16開
商品重量:0.4kg
編輯推薦
內容提要
1950年以來,中國提供瞭大量的經濟和技術援助給亞洲、非洲、拉丁美洲、大洋洲和東歐等120多個發展中國傢。援助的目的是幫助受援國提高自主發展能力、改善民生,促進經濟發展和社會進步。我們編製這本英文教材,涵蓋瞭熱帶地區的多種重要作物,主要包括:甘蔗、木薯、橡膠、芒果、劍麻、大豆等作物的病蟲害防治技術培訓。
目錄
1 The Major Problems Associated with Rubber Trees Diseases in
nthe World at Present 001
n1.1 Occurrence and control of important diseases 001
n1.2 Leaf diseases of rubber tree 004
n1.3 3 Stem Diseases of rubber tree 009
n1.4 Root diseases of rubber tree 012
n2 Cassava Diseases and Their Management 021
n2.1 World cassava industry 021
n2.2 2 China cassava industry and disease 021
n2.3 3 Cassava diseases and their management 022
n3 Control for the Diseases of Banana & Mango iChina 045
n3.1 1 Major diseases of banana 046
n3.2 2 Major diseases of mango 048
n4 Fusarium Wilt Disease and Virus Disease of Banana 061
n4.1 1 Banana Fusarium wilt disease 061
n4.2 2 Banana virus disease 065
n5 Postharvest Diseases of Banana and Their Control 069
n5.1 1 Banana crowrot 069
n5.2 2 Banana anthroose 072
n5.3 3 Cigar end rot 073
n5.4 Black end 074
n5.5 5 Botryodiplodia fruit rot 074
n5.6 6 Chilling injury 074
n5.7 7 Integrated management practices 075
n6 Sisal Zebra Disease 077
n6.1 1 Distributioand harm 077
n6.2 Symptoms 077
n6.3 Pathogens 078
n6.4 The infectiocycle 079
n6.5 Epidemic rules 080
n6.6 6 Disease control technology 080
n6.7 7 Sisal plant diseases —sisal anthraose disease 084
n6.8 Purple curving leaf disease of sisal 085
n6.9 Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley 087
n7 SoybeaDiseases and Their Integrated Management 095
n7.1 1 Introductio095
n7.2 2 Phytophthora root rot 100
n7.3 Sclerotinia stem rot 101
n7.4 Soybeacyst nematode 105
n7.5 5 Rhizoctonia root rot 110
n7.6 Fusarium root rot 111
n7.7 Anthraose 112
n7.8 Downy mildew 113
n7.9 Virus plex 114
n8 Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables 119
n8.1 Definitioand theory of IPM 119
n8.2 Problems and Strategies oPest Management 122
n8.3 Tactics and technological tools of IPM 124
n8.4 Reasonable applicatioof insecticides 129
n8.5 5 Case Analysis and Examples 133
n9 Important Cassava Insect and Its Management 141
n9.1 1 Introductioto cassava insect pests 141
n9.2 2 Cassava mites 141
n9.3 3 Cassava mealybug 143
n9.4 Spiraling whitefly 144
n9.5 Bemisia whitefly 145
n9.6 White grubs 145
n9.7 7 IPM of cassava pests 146
n10 Major Diseases and Insect Pests of Sugarcane and
nTheir Management 149
n10.1 roductioof sugarcadisease 149
n10.2 roductioto sugarcane insect pests 155
n10.3 Leafhopper: Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy 173
n10.4 Soil-borne pests: Dorysthenes granulosus 175
n10.5 of sugarcane pest control strategy 177
n11 Control Techniques oMaiPests of Rubber Tree 189
n11.1 Control Techniques oParasaissetia nigra 189
n11.2 Preventioand Control Techniques oEotetranychus
nmaculatus 192
n11.3 Preventioand Control Techniques oRubber borers 194
n12 Management of Fruit Fly 201
n12.1 roductio201
n12.2 rategies for integrated management of fruit fly 202
n12.3 Conclusio209
n13 Managing Invasive Pests iHainan
n(Learning from Brontispa longissima ) 211
n13.1 roductio211
n13.2 osis 213
n13.3 stributio214
n13.4 Damage symptoms and impact 216
n13.5 cology 217
n13.6 Control 219
n13.7 scussio226
n14 Weed Management iRubber Tree Plantations and Tropical
nAgricultural Systems 231
n14.1 Weed and weed science 231
n14.2 oxiousness of weeds 232
n14.3 Benefits of weeds 232
n14.4 Weed species irubber tree plantations 232
n14.5 oxious weeds itropical rubber tree plantations 233
n14.6 gement of weeds itropical plantations 233
n作者介紹
單國燕,楚小強,林培群,就職於中國熱帶農業科學院環境與植物保護研究所,從事國際交流與閤作、國際援外培訓班管理等。作者寄語:希望越來越多的來自發展中國傢的朋友會來中國學習知識重要的熱帶作物病蟲害防治技術,也希望他們能把我們的技術帶迴祖國,造福他們的國傢。
文摘
Background:Rubbertreesandrubberdiseases&pestsinChina.Rubbertreesareveryimportantcashcrops;,contributingalottothewelfareoflocaleconomies.However,rubbertreeshavebeenonlyspreadingoverthetropicalbeltofGuangdong,Hainan,YunnanandGuangxiprovinces.Theannualproductionofnaturalrubberin
nChinaisonly600,000t,whichisfarbelowthenationalneedsofChinaforrubber.
nRubbertreeisattackedbymorethan91diseasesand182mitesorinsects,someofwhichhavecausedlargeeconomiclosses.Throughthehardworkofthescientificstaff,achievementshavebeenmadeontheoccurrenceandcontrolofdiseasesandpests,whichcontributedalottotherubberindustryinChina.
nCurrentstatesofpestsonrubbertreesanditsmanagementinChina.Basedonoursurvey,fourtopeconomicimportantrubbertreediseasesinChinaarePowderyMildew(Oidiumheveae),Anthroose,Brownbast(TappingPaneldryness)andRootdisease.Othermainplantdiseasesonrubberincludeblackstrip,anthraose,tappingpaneldryness,abnormalleaffall,Bint’seyespot,pinkdisease,Periconialeafspotandsoon.
n1.11Occurrenceandcontrolofimportantdiseases
n1.1.1mildew
nThestudyonthebiologicalcharacteristicsofthepathogenandepidemiologyof
nReferenceMaterialsforControlofImportantTropicalCropDiseasesandInsectPests
nthediseasebeganin1954.Atthattime,epidemicprocess,suitableepidemiccondition,andepidemicstructureofthediseasewerestudied,andepidemiczonewasdeterminedtogiveguidancetothepreventionandcureofthedisease.Since1960,shortforecast
nbasedongrossincidenceofthediseaseaswellasincidenceonyoungleaveswaswidelyapplied.InHainan,sporetrappingmethod-basedforecastwasalsousedforcon-trolguidance.InYunnan,aresearchprojecton“epidemiologyandforecastofpowderymildewdiseasesonrubberinmountainarea”wascarriedout,accordingtotheresultsofwhichitwasputoutthatweatherconditionduringtheperiodofyoungleaveswasthemainindexforshort-timeforecast.Astothecontrolmethod,sulphurpowderwithparticlesizeof200poreswasappliedduringtheemergingofnewleavesinHainanin
n1960,and15kilosulphurpowderwasappliedperha.pertime,every7daysduring
ntheseasons,thesulphurpowderwasappliedonceandthetotalapplicationwas3–5times.Afterimprovement,thecontrolmethodchangedtoapply9–12kilogramsulphurpowderwithparticlesizeof325poresperha.pertimewiththeintervalof7–14days.During1977and1978,rubberfarmsinwestHainanreceivedsulphurpowderapplicationfromtheairplane,andsince1984,triadimefonsmoghadbeenapplied.InYunnan,effectivecontrolwasachievedbyalternativeapplicationofsulphurpowderandtriadimefon.
n1.1.2Rootdiseases
nRootdiseasesincluderedroot,brownroot,purpleroot,blackstriproot,stinkingrootandblackrootwiththefirstthreeoccurredmostfrequently.Thepathogenoriginatedfromtheinfectedtrunkbeforeplantation.Theearliestcontrolmethodwastoisolatethetreesfromeachotherthroughfurrowing.Inlate1960searlydiseasedetectionaswellasfungicideapplicationwasusedtocontrolrootdiseases;since1976tridemopphwasused;in1990sdrenchingwithtridemorphortriadimefonwasapplied;in1980sherbicidessuchas2,4–Dbutylate,picloramandparaquatwereusedtokilltheinfectedtrunkinthenewplantationarea.
n1
nTheMajorProblemsAssociatedwithRubberTreesDiseasesintheWorldatPresent
n1.1.3rownbast&tappingpaneldryness;
nTappingpaneldrynessisthedestructivediseaseinHainan,YunnanandGuangdongontreesbeingcut.OnemilliontreesinHainanwereharvestsuspendedperyearanddryrubberdecreasedalmost10thousandtons.InZhanjiang20%percentofthetreeswereharvestsuspended;inDongfengfarminYunnan,thesymptomof26.4%ofthetreesreached4–5highlevel.Incidenceoftappingpaneldrynessisstillrisinginthethreeprovinces.Oneopinionbelievesthatitisaphysiologicaldamageowingtotoomuchrubberharvest;anotherbelievesthatviroidleadstothedisease.Inpractice,re-
nducingharvest,andincreasingfertilizerwereusedtoprotectthetrees;anothermethod
nistosmearfungicideonthecutlineofyoungtreesof1–3yearscutageandmiddle-level,low-levelinfectedtrees;ontheoldandseriouslyinfectedtrees,fungicideswereappliedonthering,andremendedchemicalsinclude“bao01”and“nonglebao”.
n1.1.4Anthraose
nIn1972,thepathogenwasconfirmedthroughresearch;branchessufferingfromcoldness,deadbranches,infectedfruits,susceptiblevarietiesandtheconsecutiverainwerethefactorscausingepidemyofthedisease.Effectivefungicidesincludemanco-zeb,chlorthalonil,carbendazim,tuzetandsoon.In1980schlorthalonil,carbendazimpowderandamicarthiazol-thiramcolloidalsuspensionagentwereusedinHainan;in1990schlorthalonilandcarbendazimsmogagentwerepromoted.
n1.1.5Abnormalleaffall
nMainlyoccurredinXishuangbanna,butoccurredonlyoccasionallyinHainanandnocontrolwasconducted.InYunnan,smallamountofpowderymildewwaskepttoinfecttheflowersandreducethenumberofthefruits,therebyreducingtheincidenceofblackstrip.
n1.1.6strip
nIn1962seventeenrubberfarmsinHainansufferedgreatlossesfromthedisease,thereforein1963theresearchonthisdiseasewaslaunched.Thepathogenwasfounded
nReferenceMaterialsforControlofImportantTropicalCropDiseasesandInsectPests
nmainlyfromthesoil;thetreesgotinfectedwhenraindropsprangtothelowcutlines.Themainfactorcausingtheepidemicofthediseaseswasrubberharvestduringtherainyseasonwhenthetreeswerewet.Inordertocontrolthedisease,inautumnandwinterharvestfromthelowpositioncutlinesweresuspended;rubberharvestwereconductedonlyfromthehigh-positioncutlines,shallowcutaswell;noharvestfromwetbarks,lessthanonecentimeteraboveblackstripandwhenthetemperaturewasunder15°Cwasconducted.Aftereverytwocutsfungicidesweresmeared,andthefun-gicidesusedinearlytimeincludedphenmed,anticucin,metalaxyl,laterphosethy-Al,anilazineandsoon.InYunnan,from1970–1972,duetothesusceptibilityofthehigh-yieldbudgraftingtrunk,thediseaseoccurredseriously.ControltechniqueconductedinHainanwasadoptedandthediseasewascontrolled.However,abnormalleaffalldiseaseoccurredinXishuangbannaareafrom1970–1978,andthepathogensporesflowedwiththerainwaterfromthecrowntothehighpositionandcausedblackstrip.Throughthestudyfrom1982–1984,effectivecontrolwasdeveloped:toinstallarainpreventioncapmadefromtarredfeltabovethehighcutlineandsmearphosethy-Alandanilazine.ThismethodwaswidelyusedinYunnanrubberfarmsandtheincidenceofblackstripwascontrolledunder0.1%.Currentlytarredfeltcapisstillinstalledforblackstripcontrol.
n1.1.7Corynesporaleaffalldiseaseofrubbertrees
nCorynesporaleaffalldiseaseofrubbertreeswasnewlydiscoveredinnurseryandstilllimitedtofewplantations.Thisdiseaseispotentiallydangerousforrubberplanta-tionsinChina.GenerallyCorynesporaleaffalldiseaseofrubbertreesarecontrolledby
nsprayingchemicalslikecarbendazim,chlorothalonilandtriadimefonandsoon.
n1.2Leafdiseasesofrubbertree
n1.2.1mildewdisease
nThisisthemonestofallleafdiseasesofrubber,infectingtenderleafletson
ntreesofanyage.Maintainingitselftheyearroundinnurseries,self-sownseedlingsand
n……
n序言
當我看到這本書的英文教材定位,我的腦海中立刻浮現齣它在國際交流和知識傳播方麵的巨大潛力。在當前全球化日益深入的背景下,掌握跨語言的專業知識對於提升個人和團隊的競爭力至關重要。一本高質量的英文培訓教材,能夠幫助中國的科研人員、技術推廣人員、以及相關專業的學生,更直接、更深入地學習和理解國際上最前沿的熱帶作物病蟲害防治技術和理念。我期待書中能夠介紹一些國際上公認的、高效且環境友好的防治策略,例如,最新的生物農藥、基因編輯技術在病蟲害抗性育種中的應用、以及遙感技術在病蟲害監測和預警中的作用。同時,作為一本“培訓教材”,其內容應當具有一定的教學性和指導性,能夠幫助讀者在掌握專業知識的同時,也提高他們的英語閱讀和理解能力。這可能意味著書中會使用清晰、簡潔、專業的英文,並輔以必要的圖示和解釋,以降低非母語讀者的理解難度。此外,我設想書中可能會包含一些與國際學術會議、研究項目、以及跨國閤作相關的案例,從而為讀者提供更廣闊的視野,鼓勵他們積極參與到全球熱帶農業技術交流與閤作中。
評分作為一名對熱帶農業發展抱有濃厚興趣的讀者,我非常關注這本書所涵蓋的“熱帶重要作物”的範圍。熱帶地區是全球重要的農産品生産基地,而病蟲害的發生和流行,是製約這些作物産量和質量的關鍵因素之一。因此,一本能夠係統性解決這些問題的防治技術教材,具有極其重要的現實意義。我猜測,書中必然會涵蓋那些在熱帶地區産量大、經濟價值高、但又極易受到病蟲害侵擾的作物,例如,東南亞的水稻,拉丁美洲的咖啡、可可,非洲的水果和蔬菜等。對於這些作物,書中很可能不僅僅是羅列防治方法,而是會深入分析不同病蟲害在熱帶特有的高濕、高溫環境下的發生特點,以及可能存在的季節性規律。例如,某些病害可能在雨季爆發,而某些害蟲則在旱季更活躍。更重要的是,我期待書中能夠強調“綜閤防治”的理念,即結閤農業防治、生物防治、物理防治和化學防治等多種手段,形成一套可持續、環境友好的防治體係,而不是單純依賴化學農藥。對於“培訓教材”的定位,我也希望書中能提供一些實際操作的指導,比如如何配製藥劑、如何正確使用噴霧器、如何進行田間普查和疫病預警等,這些都是一綫技術人員非常需要的技能。
評分這本書的光盤封麵和封底給我的第一印象是它極具實用價值。首先,這個標題“熱帶重要作物病蟲害防治技術英文培訓教材”就直接點明瞭其核心功能——為從事熱帶作物相關領域的工作者提供一套英文的病蟲害防治技術指南,並且特彆強調瞭“培訓教材”的屬性,這意味著它應該包含係統性的知識講解、步驟化的操作指導,甚至可能配有插圖或案例分析,方便讀者理解和學習。單國燕、楚小強、林培群這三位作者的名字,如果我在行業內有所瞭解,會立刻聯想到他們在此領域可能擁有的專業經驗和學術造詣。一個好的培訓教材,不僅要理論紮實,更要緊密結閤實際生産中的難點和痛點,提供切實可行的解決方案。我期待這本書能在病蟲害的識彆、診斷、監測、預防和綜閤治理等各個環節,都提供清晰、準確、易於掌握的英文信息。特彆是“熱帶重要作物”這一限定,說明其內容並非泛泛而談,而是聚焦於特定區域、特定作物生長環境中常見的病蟲害問題,這對於一綫技術人員、研究人員以及相關專業學生來說,無疑是極其寶貴的資源。而且,英文教材的定位,也預示著它可能在國際交流、引進先進技術、提升專業人員的英語應用能力等方麵扮演重要角色。總的來說,這本書的標題和作者信息,勾勒齣瞭一個信息量大、針對性強、實用性高的專業書籍的輪廓。
評分當我翻開這本書,首先吸引我目光的是其內容的組織結構。雖然我還沒深入閱讀具體章節,但從目錄和章節標題就能感受到編著者在信息傳遞上的用心。我推測,一本優秀的培訓教材,必然會遵循由淺入深、由點到麵、由理論到實踐的邏輯順序。也許開頭部分會從熱帶作物種植概述、病蟲害的普遍性及其危害性入手,建立讀者對整個領域的基礎認知。隨後,很可能按照作物類彆,例如水稻、玉米、香蕉、咖啡、可可等,分彆詳細介紹每種作物易發的病害和蟲害,並配以高清的病蟲害圖片,幫助讀者準確識彆。更進一步,書中應該會深入剖析每一種病蟲害的發生規律、傳播途徑、為害特點,這對於製定精準的防治策略至關重要。而“防治技術”這一核心詞匯,則暗示瞭書中將詳細闡述各種化學防治、生物防治、物理防治以及農業防治等綜閤性措施,並且在英文語境下,如何規範地使用農藥、如何進行環境友好的病蟲害管理,這些細節也應該被涵蓋在內。此外,作為一個培訓教材,可能還會包含一些實驗操作指導、田間調查方法、風險評估模型等,這些都將極大地提升其教學和指導價值。我期待書中能夠提供一些案例研究,展示成功的病蟲害防治實踐,讓理論知識與實際應用緊密結閤。
評分這本書的裝幀和設計給我一種專業嚴謹的學術氛圍。封麵上的字體選擇、排版布局,以及圖案設計,都透露齣編著者對學術品質的追求。我注意到,書中可能采用瞭大量的圖文並茂的方式來呈現復雜的病蟲害信息。對於初學者來說,清晰的病蟲害圖片是至關重要的,能夠幫助他們快速識彆和區分不同的病變癥狀和害蟲形態。而對於有一定經驗的專業人士,詳細的病理組織切片圖、蟲卵孵化過程圖、以及防治藥劑的作用機製示意圖,則能提供更深層次的理解。我推測,書中可能還會附帶一些錶格和圖錶,用來總結不同病蟲害的防治指標、藥劑使用劑量、施藥方法、作用時間等關鍵信息,這些數據化的呈現方式,能夠讓讀者一目瞭然,提高信息獲取效率。而且,作為一本英文培訓教材,我期望書中在術語的使用上能夠非常規範和專業,既符閤國際學術界的標準,又能兼顧到非母語讀者的理解習慣。也許書中還會包含一些在綫資源的鏈接,例如相關的數據庫、研究論文、培訓視頻等,這些都能進一步拓展讀者的學習渠道,提升學習效果。整體而言,這本書從視覺呈現到內容組織,都顯得一絲不苟,旨在為讀者提供一個高質量的學習體驗。
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