基本信息
书名:热带重要作物病虫害防治技术英文培训教材
定价:58.00元
作者:单国燕,楚小强,林培群
出版社:中国农业科学技术出版社
出版日期:2017-06-01
ISBN:9787511629456
字数:
页码:248
版次:1
装帧:平装
开本:16开
商品重量:0.4kg
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内容提要
1950年以来,中国提供了大量的经济和技术援助给亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲、大洋洲和东欧等120多个发展中国家。援助的目的是帮助受援国提高自主发展能力、改善民生,促进经济发展和社会进步。我们编制这本英文教材,涵盖了热带地区的多种重要作物,主要包括:甘蔗、木薯、橡胶、芒果、剑麻、大豆等作物的病虫害防治技术培训。
目录
1 The Major Problems Associated with Rubber Trees Diseases in
nthe World at Present 001
n1.1 Occurrence and control of important diseases 001
n1.2 Leaf diseases of rubber tree 004
n1.3 3 Stem Diseases of rubber tree 009
n1.4 Root diseases of rubber tree 012
n2 Cassava Diseases and Their Management 021
n2.1 World cassava industry 021
n2.2 2 China cassava industry and disease 021
n2.3 3 Cassava diseases and their management 022
n3 Control for the Diseases of Banana & Mango iChina 045
n3.1 1 Major diseases of banana 046
n3.2 2 Major diseases of mango 048
n4 Fusarium Wilt Disease and Virus Disease of Banana 061
n4.1 1 Banana Fusarium wilt disease 061
n4.2 2 Banana virus disease 065
n5 Postharvest Diseases of Banana and Their Control 069
n5.1 1 Banana crowrot 069
n5.2 2 Banana anthroose 072
n5.3 3 Cigar end rot 073
n5.4 Black end 074
n5.5 5 Botryodiplodia fruit rot 074
n5.6 6 Chilling injury 074
n5.7 7 Integrated management practices 075
n6 Sisal Zebra Disease 077
n6.1 1 Distributioand harm 077
n6.2 Symptoms 077
n6.3 Pathogens 078
n6.4 The infectiocycle 079
n6.5 Epidemic rules 080
n6.6 6 Disease control technology 080
n6.7 7 Sisal plant diseases —sisal anthraose disease 084
n6.8 Purple curving leaf disease of sisal 085
n6.9 Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley 087
n7 SoybeaDiseases and Their Integrated Management 095
n7.1 1 Introductio095
n7.2 2 Phytophthora root rot 100
n7.3 Sclerotinia stem rot 101
n7.4 Soybeacyst nematode 105
n7.5 5 Rhizoctonia root rot 110
n7.6 Fusarium root rot 111
n7.7 Anthraose 112
n7.8 Downy mildew 113
n7.9 Virus plex 114
n8 Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables 119
n8.1 Definitioand theory of IPM 119
n8.2 Problems and Strategies oPest Management 122
n8.3 Tactics and technological tools of IPM 124
n8.4 Reasonable applicatioof insecticides 129
n8.5 5 Case Analysis and Examples 133
n9 Important Cassava Insect and Its Management 141
n9.1 1 Introductioto cassava insect pests 141
n9.2 2 Cassava mites 141
n9.3 3 Cassava mealybug 143
n9.4 Spiraling whitefly 144
n9.5 Bemisia whitefly 145
n9.6 White grubs 145
n9.7 7 IPM of cassava pests 146
n10 Major Diseases and Insect Pests of Sugarcane and
nTheir Management 149
n10.1 roductioof sugarcadisease 149
n10.2 roductioto sugarcane insect pests 155
n10.3 Leafhopper: Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy 173
n10.4 Soil-borne pests: Dorysthenes granulosus 175
n10.5 of sugarcane pest control strategy 177
n11 Control Techniques oMaiPests of Rubber Tree 189
n11.1 Control Techniques oParasaissetia nigra 189
n11.2 Preventioand Control Techniques oEotetranychus
nmaculatus 192
n11.3 Preventioand Control Techniques oRubber borers 194
n12 Management of Fruit Fly 201
n12.1 roductio201
n12.2 rategies for integrated management of fruit fly 202
n12.3 Conclusio209
n13 Managing Invasive Pests iHainan
n(Learning from Brontispa longissima ) 211
n13.1 roductio211
n13.2 osis 213
n13.3 stributio214
n13.4 Damage symptoms and impact 216
n13.5 cology 217
n13.6 Control 219
n13.7 scussio226
n14 Weed Management iRubber Tree Plantations and Tropical
nAgricultural Systems 231
n14.1 Weed and weed science 231
n14.2 oxiousness of weeds 232
n14.3 Benefits of weeds 232
n14.4 Weed species irubber tree plantations 232
n14.5 oxious weeds itropical rubber tree plantations 233
n14.6 gement of weeds itropical plantations 233
n作者介绍
单国燕,楚小强,林培群,就职于中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,从事国际交流与合作、国际援外培训班管理等。作者寄语:希望越来越多的来自发展中国家的朋友会来中国学习知识重要的热带作物病虫害防治技术,也希望他们能把我们的技术带回祖国,造福他们的国家。
文摘
Background:Rubbertreesandrubberdiseases&pestsinChina.Rubbertreesareveryimportantcashcrops;,contributingalottothewelfareoflocaleconomies.However,rubbertreeshavebeenonlyspreadingoverthetropicalbeltofGuangdong,Hainan,YunnanandGuangxiprovinces.Theannualproductionofnaturalrubberin
nChinaisonly600,000t,whichisfarbelowthenationalneedsofChinaforrubber.
nRubbertreeisattackedbymorethan91diseasesand182mitesorinsects,someofwhichhavecausedlargeeconomiclosses.Throughthehardworkofthescientificstaff,achievementshavebeenmadeontheoccurrenceandcontrolofdiseasesandpests,whichcontributedalottotherubberindustryinChina.
nCurrentstatesofpestsonrubbertreesanditsmanagementinChina.Basedonoursurvey,fourtopeconomicimportantrubbertreediseasesinChinaarePowderyMildew(Oidiumheveae),Anthroose,Brownbast(TappingPaneldryness)andRootdisease.Othermainplantdiseasesonrubberincludeblackstrip,anthraose,tappingpaneldryness,abnormalleaffall,Bint’seyespot,pinkdisease,Periconialeafspotandsoon.
n1.11Occurrenceandcontrolofimportantdiseases
n1.1.1mildew
nThestudyonthebiologicalcharacteristicsofthepathogenandepidemiologyof
nReferenceMaterialsforControlofImportantTropicalCropDiseasesandInsectPests
nthediseasebeganin1954.Atthattime,epidemicprocess,suitableepidemiccondition,andepidemicstructureofthediseasewerestudied,andepidemiczonewasdeterminedtogiveguidancetothepreventionandcureofthedisease.Since1960,shortforecast
nbasedongrossincidenceofthediseaseaswellasincidenceonyoungleaveswaswidelyapplied.InHainan,sporetrappingmethod-basedforecastwasalsousedforcon-trolguidance.InYunnan,aresearchprojecton“epidemiologyandforecastofpowderymildewdiseasesonrubberinmountainarea”wascarriedout,accordingtotheresultsofwhichitwasputoutthatweatherconditionduringtheperiodofyoungleaveswasthemainindexforshort-timeforecast.Astothecontrolmethod,sulphurpowderwithparticlesizeof200poreswasappliedduringtheemergingofnewleavesinHainanin
n1960,and15kilosulphurpowderwasappliedperha.pertime,every7daysduring
ntheseasons,thesulphurpowderwasappliedonceandthetotalapplicationwas3–5times.Afterimprovement,thecontrolmethodchangedtoapply9–12kilogramsulphurpowderwithparticlesizeof325poresperha.pertimewiththeintervalof7–14days.During1977and1978,rubberfarmsinwestHainanreceivedsulphurpowderapplicationfromtheairplane,andsince1984,triadimefonsmoghadbeenapplied.InYunnan,effectivecontrolwasachievedbyalternativeapplicationofsulphurpowderandtriadimefon.
n1.1.2Rootdiseases
nRootdiseasesincluderedroot,brownroot,purpleroot,blackstriproot,stinkingrootandblackrootwiththefirstthreeoccurredmostfrequently.Thepathogenoriginatedfromtheinfectedtrunkbeforeplantation.Theearliestcontrolmethodwastoisolatethetreesfromeachotherthroughfurrowing.Inlate1960searlydiseasedetectionaswellasfungicideapplicationwasusedtocontrolrootdiseases;since1976tridemopphwasused;in1990sdrenchingwithtridemorphortriadimefonwasapplied;in1980sherbicidessuchas2,4–Dbutylate,picloramandparaquatwereusedtokilltheinfectedtrunkinthenewplantationarea.
n1
nTheMajorProblemsAssociatedwithRubberTreesDiseasesintheWorldatPresent
n1.1.3rownbast&tappingpaneldryness;
nTappingpaneldrynessisthedestructivediseaseinHainan,YunnanandGuangdongontreesbeingcut.OnemilliontreesinHainanwereharvestsuspendedperyearanddryrubberdecreasedalmost10thousandtons.InZhanjiang20%percentofthetreeswereharvestsuspended;inDongfengfarminYunnan,thesymptomof26.4%ofthetreesreached4–5highlevel.Incidenceoftappingpaneldrynessisstillrisinginthethreeprovinces.Oneopinionbelievesthatitisaphysiologicaldamageowingtotoomuchrubberharvest;anotherbelievesthatviroidleadstothedisease.Inpractice,re-
nducingharvest,andincreasingfertilizerwereusedtoprotectthetrees;anothermethod
nistosmearfungicideonthecutlineofyoungtreesof1–3yearscutageandmiddle-level,low-levelinfectedtrees;ontheoldandseriouslyinfectedtrees,fungicideswereappliedonthering,andremendedchemicalsinclude“bao01”and“nonglebao”.
n1.1.4Anthraose
nIn1972,thepathogenwasconfirmedthroughresearch;branchessufferingfromcoldness,deadbranches,infectedfruits,susceptiblevarietiesandtheconsecutiverainwerethefactorscausingepidemyofthedisease.Effectivefungicidesincludemanco-zeb,chlorthalonil,carbendazim,tuzetandsoon.In1980schlorthalonil,carbendazimpowderandamicarthiazol-thiramcolloidalsuspensionagentwereusedinHainan;in1990schlorthalonilandcarbendazimsmogagentwerepromoted.
n1.1.5Abnormalleaffall
nMainlyoccurredinXishuangbanna,butoccurredonlyoccasionallyinHainanandnocontrolwasconducted.InYunnan,smallamountofpowderymildewwaskepttoinfecttheflowersandreducethenumberofthefruits,therebyreducingtheincidenceofblackstrip.
n1.1.6strip
nIn1962seventeenrubberfarmsinHainansufferedgreatlossesfromthedisease,thereforein1963theresearchonthisdiseasewaslaunched.Thepathogenwasfounded
nReferenceMaterialsforControlofImportantTropicalCropDiseasesandInsectPests
nmainlyfromthesoil;thetreesgotinfectedwhenraindropsprangtothelowcutlines.Themainfactorcausingtheepidemicofthediseaseswasrubberharvestduringtherainyseasonwhenthetreeswerewet.Inordertocontrolthedisease,inautumnandwinterharvestfromthelowpositioncutlinesweresuspended;rubberharvestwereconductedonlyfromthehigh-positioncutlines,shallowcutaswell;noharvestfromwetbarks,lessthanonecentimeteraboveblackstripandwhenthetemperaturewasunder15°Cwasconducted.Aftereverytwocutsfungicidesweresmeared,andthefun-gicidesusedinearlytimeincludedphenmed,anticucin,metalaxyl,laterphosethy-Al,anilazineandsoon.InYunnan,from1970–1972,duetothesusceptibilityofthehigh-yieldbudgraftingtrunk,thediseaseoccurredseriously.ControltechniqueconductedinHainanwasadoptedandthediseasewascontrolled.However,abnormalleaffalldiseaseoccurredinXishuangbannaareafrom1970–1978,andthepathogensporesflowedwiththerainwaterfromthecrowntothehighpositionandcausedblackstrip.Throughthestudyfrom1982–1984,effectivecontrolwasdeveloped:toinstallarainpreventioncapmadefromtarredfeltabovethehighcutlineandsmearphosethy-Alandanilazine.ThismethodwaswidelyusedinYunnanrubberfarmsandtheincidenceofblackstripwascontrolledunder0.1%.Currentlytarredfeltcapisstillinstalledforblackstripcontrol.
n1.1.7Corynesporaleaffalldiseaseofrubbertrees
nCorynesporaleaffalldiseaseofrubbertreeswasnewlydiscoveredinnurseryandstilllimitedtofewplantations.Thisdiseaseispotentiallydangerousforrubberplanta-tionsinChina.GenerallyCorynesporaleaffalldiseaseofrubbertreesarecontrolledby
nsprayingchemicalslikecarbendazim,chlorothalonilandtriadimefonandsoon.
n1.2Leafdiseasesofrubbertree
n1.2.1mildewdisease
nThisisthemonestofallleafdiseasesofrubber,infectingtenderleafletson
ntreesofanyage.Maintainingitselftheyearroundinnurseries,self-sownseedlingsand
n……
n序言
作为一名对热带农业发展抱有浓厚兴趣的读者,我非常关注这本书所涵盖的“热带重要作物”的范围。热带地区是全球重要的农产品生产基地,而病虫害的发生和流行,是制约这些作物产量和质量的关键因素之一。因此,一本能够系统性解决这些问题的防治技术教材,具有极其重要的现实意义。我猜测,书中必然会涵盖那些在热带地区产量大、经济价值高、但又极易受到病虫害侵扰的作物,例如,东南亚的水稻,拉丁美洲的咖啡、可可,非洲的水果和蔬菜等。对于这些作物,书中很可能不仅仅是罗列防治方法,而是会深入分析不同病虫害在热带特有的高湿、高温环境下的发生特点,以及可能存在的季节性规律。例如,某些病害可能在雨季爆发,而某些害虫则在旱季更活跃。更重要的是,我期待书中能够强调“综合防治”的理念,即结合农业防治、生物防治、物理防治和化学防治等多种手段,形成一套可持续、环境友好的防治体系,而不是单纯依赖化学农药。对于“培训教材”的定位,我也希望书中能提供一些实际操作的指导,比如如何配制药剂、如何正确使用喷雾器、如何进行田间普查和疫病预警等,这些都是一线技术人员非常需要的技能。
评分这本书的装帧和设计给我一种专业严谨的学术氛围。封面上的字体选择、排版布局,以及图案设计,都透露出编著者对学术品质的追求。我注意到,书中可能采用了大量的图文并茂的方式来呈现复杂的病虫害信息。对于初学者来说,清晰的病虫害图片是至关重要的,能够帮助他们快速识别和区分不同的病变症状和害虫形态。而对于有一定经验的专业人士,详细的病理组织切片图、虫卵孵化过程图、以及防治药剂的作用机制示意图,则能提供更深层次的理解。我推测,书中可能还会附带一些表格和图表,用来总结不同病虫害的防治指标、药剂使用剂量、施药方法、作用时间等关键信息,这些数据化的呈现方式,能够让读者一目了然,提高信息获取效率。而且,作为一本英文培训教材,我期望书中在术语的使用上能够非常规范和专业,既符合国际学术界的标准,又能兼顾到非母语读者的理解习惯。也许书中还会包含一些在线资源的链接,例如相关的数据库、研究论文、培训视频等,这些都能进一步拓展读者的学习渠道,提升学习效果。整体而言,这本书从视觉呈现到内容组织,都显得一丝不苟,旨在为读者提供一个高质量的学习体验。
评分这本书的光盘封面和封底给我的第一印象是它极具实用价值。首先,这个标题“热带重要作物病虫害防治技术英文培训教材”就直接点明了其核心功能——为从事热带作物相关领域的工作者提供一套英文的病虫害防治技术指南,并且特别强调了“培训教材”的属性,这意味着它应该包含系统性的知识讲解、步骤化的操作指导,甚至可能配有插图或案例分析,方便读者理解和学习。单国燕、楚小强、林培群这三位作者的名字,如果我在行业内有所了解,会立刻联想到他们在此领域可能拥有的专业经验和学术造诣。一个好的培训教材,不仅要理论扎实,更要紧密结合实际生产中的难点和痛点,提供切实可行的解决方案。我期待这本书能在病虫害的识别、诊断、监测、预防和综合治理等各个环节,都提供清晰、准确、易于掌握的英文信息。特别是“热带重要作物”这一限定,说明其内容并非泛泛而谈,而是聚焦于特定区域、特定作物生长环境中常见的病虫害问题,这对于一线技术人员、研究人员以及相关专业学生来说,无疑是极其宝贵的资源。而且,英文教材的定位,也预示着它可能在国际交流、引进先进技术、提升专业人员的英语应用能力等方面扮演重要角色。总的来说,这本书的标题和作者信息,勾勒出了一个信息量大、针对性强、实用性高的专业书籍的轮廓。
评分当我翻开这本书,首先吸引我目光的是其内容的组织结构。虽然我还没深入阅读具体章节,但从目录和章节标题就能感受到编著者在信息传递上的用心。我推测,一本优秀的培训教材,必然会遵循由浅入深、由点到面、由理论到实践的逻辑顺序。也许开头部分会从热带作物种植概述、病虫害的普遍性及其危害性入手,建立读者对整个领域的基础认知。随后,很可能按照作物类别,例如水稻、玉米、香蕉、咖啡、可可等,分别详细介绍每种作物易发的病害和虫害,并配以高清的病虫害图片,帮助读者准确识别。更进一步,书中应该会深入剖析每一种病虫害的发生规律、传播途径、为害特点,这对于制定精准的防治策略至关重要。而“防治技术”这一核心词汇,则暗示了书中将详细阐述各种化学防治、生物防治、物理防治以及农业防治等综合性措施,并且在英文语境下,如何规范地使用农药、如何进行环境友好的病虫害管理,这些细节也应该被涵盖在内。此外,作为一个培训教材,可能还会包含一些实验操作指导、田间调查方法、风险评估模型等,这些都将极大地提升其教学和指导价值。我期待书中能够提供一些案例研究,展示成功的病虫害防治实践,让理论知识与实际应用紧密结合。
评分当我看到这本书的英文教材定位,我的脑海中立刻浮现出它在国际交流和知识传播方面的巨大潜力。在当前全球化日益深入的背景下,掌握跨语言的专业知识对于提升个人和团队的竞争力至关重要。一本高质量的英文培训教材,能够帮助中国的科研人员、技术推广人员、以及相关专业的学生,更直接、更深入地学习和理解国际上最前沿的热带作物病虫害防治技术和理念。我期待书中能够介绍一些国际上公认的、高效且环境友好的防治策略,例如,最新的生物农药、基因编辑技术在病虫害抗性育种中的应用、以及遥感技术在病虫害监测和预警中的作用。同时,作为一本“培训教材”,其内容应当具有一定的教学性和指导性,能够帮助读者在掌握专业知识的同时,也提高他们的英语阅读和理解能力。这可能意味着书中会使用清晰、简洁、专业的英文,并辅以必要的图示和解释,以降低非母语读者的理解难度。此外,我设想书中可能会包含一些与国际学术会议、研究项目、以及跨国合作相关的案例,从而为读者提供更广阔的视野,鼓励他们积极参与到全球热带农业技术交流与合作中。
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