基本信息
書名:Collins Key Concepts in Psychology柯林斯心理學核心概念
作者:Kay Kendall
齣版社名稱:Collins
齣版時間:2014
語種:英文
ISBN:9780007521975
商品尺寸:14.8 x 1.3 x 21.1 cm
包裝:平裝
頁數:222
編輯推薦
Collins Key Concepts in Psychology is your definitive reference guide to the essential concepts in Psychology.
Written by a subject expert, this book will help you to secure your knowledge of the ideas, theories and processes essential to understanding psychology. Whether you are looking to learn about a new concept, refresh your knowledge or advance your understanding:
·Use this invaluable reference guide at home, in class or on the move with the easy look-up book or free e-version
·Make even tricky concepts easy to understand with the quick-reference definitions and clear, trustworthy explanations
·Build essential vocabulary with key terms used in the explanations
·Apply your understanding with contextualised case studies integrated into each concept
This reference guide is suitable for new and advanced students of Psychology courses.
內容簡介
Explains the key terms for anyone studying in school, college or those working in the psychology sector. Each entry begins with a clear definition and is followed by explanation that contextualises the concept and applies it to the real world.
From ‘aggression’ to ‘perception’ Collins Key Concepts provides a clear definition, in-depth description and real world example for the essential terms in psychology, making the most complicated of concepts easy to understand.
This is an invaluable reference for students across all psychology courses, helping familiarise them with the language of the field. Perfect for new students as terms and concepts are clearly explained, helping students new to psychology gain a thorough understanding quickly. A great companion book throughout the course giving the more advanced student full explanations of important and challenging concepts, helping them tackle course assignments with confidence.
作者簡介
Kay Kendall has many years’ experience teaching Psychology and applying its uses to patient care in her work as a nurse. In her current role she teaches and examines across AS and A2 exams.
目錄
Approaches to psychology
Approaches: behavioural
Approaches: biological
Approaches: cognitive
Approaches: evolutionary
Approaches: humanist
Approaches: psychodynamic
Attachment: formation
Attachment: privation & disruption
Attachment: types
Biological rhythms
Conditioning: classical
Conditioning: operant
Conformity
Debates: free will & determinism
Debates: nature and nurture
Disorders: depression
Disorders: OCD
Disorders: phobias
Disorders: schizophrenia
Issues: culture and gender bias
issues: reductionism
Memory: cognitive interview
Memory: eye witness testimony
Memory: forgetting
Memory: levels of processing
Memory: reconstructive
Memory: structure
Obedience
OBEs and NDEs
Research: data types
Research: design
Research: ethics
Research: methods
Research: reliability & validity
Science & pseudo-science
Sleeping: explanations
Social learning theory
Stress: bodily responses
Stress: individual differences
Stress: workplace
Therapies: behavioural
Therapies: biological
Therapies: CBT
Therapies: psychoanalysis
Index
Dedication
Notes
精彩書摘
Approaches to psychology
In psychology, there are various ways of looking at the same thing — different points of view or perspectives based certain assumptions. A psychologist’s particular perspective or approach will influence the methods they choose to study both humans and non-humans. It will also influence the type of therapies chosen to treat disorders.
Different approaches in psychology
There are several approaches used in psychology: biological, psychodynamic, behavioural, cognitive, evolutionary and humanistic. Each approach offers reasons why people function as they do, based on a particular set of assumptions.
The different approaches influence the types of methods a psychologist chooses to study phenomena, the conclusions drawn from the studies, and treatments chosen for disorders. These treatments are called therapies, and they may be biological or psychological. To know how each therapy works, you first need to understand the ideas behind the particular approach the therapy is based on.
How approach affects perception
Langer & Abelson (1974) investigated whether a psychologist’s approach would influence their view of a person’s behaviour. Clinicians from two psychological approaches (psychodynamic and behavioural) were shown a video of an interview between two men. Half of each group were told the interviewee was a job applicant and the other half were told he was a patient. The researchers expected the psychodynamic clinicians to rate the interviewee as more disturbed than the behaviourist clinicians. They found that the psychodynamic clinicians rated the man as disturbed when told he was a patient, but as relatively normal when told he was an interviewee. In contrast, the behaviourist clinicians rated the man as reasonably well adjusted in both conditions. The researchers suggested the reason for this was that the behaviourists rated the man based only on his overt behaviour, compared to the psychodynamic clinicians who were trained to look further than the surface. As the researchers pointed out, this study was purely to show how approach can affect perception of participants.
這本書的封麵設計,說實話,第一眼並沒有立刻抓住我的眼球。那種傳統的學術教材的配色和字體排版,雖然嚴謹,但總覺得少瞭一點現代感。不過,當我真正翻開它,開始接觸裏麵的內容時,那種視覺上的平淡立刻就被內容的深度和廣度所取代瞭。它更像是一個可靠的老朋友,不靠花哨的外錶吸引你,而是用紮實的學識和清晰的邏輯來贏得你的尊重。我尤其欣賞它在概念解析上的那種抽絲剝繭的能力,比如對於認知失調(Cognitive Dissonance)的闡述,它沒有僅僅停留在教科書式的定義上,而是通過一係列巧妙設計的場景模擬和曆史案例,讓你真切地感受到這個理論是如何在日常生活中運作的。這種處理方式,極大地降低瞭理解復雜心理學理論的門檻,讓即便是初次接觸這門學科的人也能迅速建立起一個穩固的知識框架。作者的敘事節奏把握得非常好,既保持瞭學術的嚴謹性,又避免瞭陷入晦澀難懂的泥潭,使得整個閱讀體驗流暢而富有啓發性。
評分作為一本“核心概念”的教材,它在廣度上的覆蓋是毋庸置疑的,但更難能可貴的是其在深度上的不妥協。我特彆注意到瞭它對學科曆史和倫理討論的篇幅。很多教材隻是草草帶過弗洛伊德或斯金納的理論,但這本書卻花瞭大筆墨去探討這些理論的局限性以及它們在特定曆史文化背景下的産生根源。這使得我們不僅僅是學習“是什麼”,更理解瞭“為什麼是這樣”。特彆是關於心理學研究中的倫理邊界討論,作者呈現瞭多個經典的、甚至有些爭議的案例,引導讀者思考,在追求知識進步的同時,如何堅守人文關懷的底綫。這種對學科“靈魂”的拷問,是教科書中最難得的部分,它讓這本書超越瞭工具書的範疇,變成瞭一部引導思考的哲學讀本。
評分坦白講,我過去對一些經典心理學著作的閱讀體驗並不算愉快,常常因為術語過多或者論證過於冗長而感到疲憊。但這本書的排版和語言風格簡直是一股清流。它似乎深諳如何與學習者“對話”。那些復雜的統計學概念或實驗設計,作者總能用一種近乎散文詩般的清晰度來解釋,沒有絲毫的生硬感。比如,關於實驗控製變量的討論,它沒有堆砌公式,而是用生活中的比喻來闡釋,讓抽象的科學方法論變得觸手可及。這種“潤物細無聲”的教學方式,極大地減少瞭閱讀過程中的挫敗感。而且,書中的小測驗或思考題設計得非常高明,它們不是用來考倒你的,而是引嚮更深層次思考的“鈎子”,讓你忍不住停下來,在腦海中模擬那個情境,真正做到“學以緻用”,而不是“讀完即忘”。
評分這本書給我的整體感受,用一個詞來形容就是“結構的力量”。它的章節邏輯推進如同精密的瑞士鍾錶,每一個齒輪——無論是理論模型、實驗證據還是實際應用——都咬閤得天衣無縫。我發現自己很少需要頻繁地迴頭查閱前文,因為作者在構建知識體係時就已經預先鋪設好瞭清晰的指引綫索。對於一個需要係統學習心理學知識的讀者來說,這種結構上的可靠性至關重要。它不僅僅是一堆知識點的集閤,而是一套完整的、可以反復構建和迭代的心智模型。當我閤上這本書,感覺自己腦海中關於人類行為的解釋框架被整體升級瞭,不再是碎片化的認知,而是一個堅實、可信賴的知識大廈,隨時準備好接受現實世界的檢驗和挑戰。
評分真正讓我對這本教材愛不釋手的原因,在於它對心理學“活的”一麵的挖掘。很多教材傾嚮於將心理學切割成一個個孤立的闆塊,比如發展心理學、社會心理學、變態心理學,讀完後感覺知識點是零散的。但這本書巧妙地構建瞭一個內在的邏輯聯係網。舉個例子,它在討論記憶的形成機製時,會自然而然地過渡到不同發展階段兒童的認知偏差,然後再聯係到成人社會互動中的歸因錯誤。這種跨學科的整閤視角,讓我這個讀者仿佛有瞭一副“透視鏡”,能夠從更宏觀的角度審視人類心智的運作規律。它不是在教你死記硬背定義,而是在培養你一種批判性思考的習慣,教你如何運用心理學的基本原理去分析現實世界中的復雜現象。這種培養思維模式的教學方法,遠比單純的知識傳遞更有價值,讓人讀完後,看世界的角度都變得更加 nuanced(細緻入微)瞭。
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