內容簡介
     極小麯麵可追溯到歐拉和拉格朗日以及變分法發軔的年代,它的很多技術在幾何和偏微分方程中發揮著關鍵作用,例子包括:源自極小麯麵正則性理論的單調性和切錐分析,基於Bernstein的經典工作zui大值原理的非綫性方程估值,還有勒貝格的積分定義——這是他在有關極小麯麵的Plateau問題的論文中發展齣來的。
  《極小麯麵教程(英文版)》從極小麯麵的經典理論開始,以當今的研究專題結束。在處理極小麯麵的各種方法(復分析、偏微分方程或者幾何測度論)中,作者選擇瞭將注意力放在這個理論的偏微分方程方麵。《極小麯麵教程(英文版)》也包含極小麯麵在其他領域的應用,包括低維拓撲、廣義相對論以及材料科學。
  《極小麯麵教程(英文版)》的預備知識僅要求瞭解黎曼幾何的基本知識並熟悉zui大值原理。     
內頁插圖
          目錄
   Preface
Chapter 1. The Beginning of the Theory
1.The Minimal Surface Equation and Minimal Submanifolds
2.Examples of Minimal Surfaces in R3
3.Consequences of the First Variation Formula
4.The Gauss Map
5.The Theorem of Bernstein
6.The Weierstrass Representation
7.The Strong Maximum Principle
8.Second Variation Formula, Morse Index, and Stability
9.Multi-valued Graphs
10.Local Examples of Multi-valued Graphs
Appendix: The Harnack Inequality
Appendix: The Bochner formula
Chapter 2. Curvature Estimates and Consequences
1.Simons'Inequality
2.Small Energy Curvature Estimates for Minimal Surfaces
3.Curvature and Area
4.Lp Bounds of |A|2 for Stable Hypersurfaces
5.Bernstein Theorems and Curvature Estimates
6.The General Minimal Graph Equation
7.Almost Stability
8.Sublinear Growth of the Separation
9.Minimal Cones
Chapter 3. Weak Convergence, Compactness and Applications
1.The Theory of Varifolds
2.The Sobolev Inequality
3.The Weak Bernstein-Type Theorem
4.General Constructions
5.Finite Dimensionality
6.Bubble Convergence Implies Varifold Convergence
Chapter 4. Existence Results
1.The Plateau Problem
2.The Dirichlet, Problem
3.The Solution to the Plateau Problem
4.Branch Points
5.Harmonic Maps
6.Existence of Minimal Spheres in a Homotopy Class
Chapter 5. Min-max Constructions
1.Sweepouts by Curves
2.Birkhoff's Curve Shortening Process
3.Existence of Closed Geodesics and the Width
4.Harmonic Replacement
5.Minimal Spheres and the Width
Chapter 6. Embedded Solutions of the Plateau problem
1.Unique Continuation
2.Local Description of Nodal and Critical Sets
3.Absence of True Branch Points
4.Absence of False Branch Points
5.Embedded Solutions of the Plateau Problem
Chapter 7. Minimal Surfaces in Three-Manifolds
1.The Minimal Surface Equation in a Three-Manifold
2.Hersch's and Yang and Yau's Theorems
3.The Reilly Formula
4.Choi and Wang's Lower Bound for λ1
5.Compactness Theorems with A Priori Bounds
6.The Positive Mass Theorem
7.Extinction of Ricci Flow
Chapter 8. The Structure of Embedded Minimal Surfaces
1.Disks that are Double-spiral Staircases
2.One-sided Curvature Estimate
3.Generalized Nitsche Conjecture
4.Calabi-Yau Conjectures for Embedded Surfaces
5.Embedded Minimal Surfaces with Finite Genus
Exercises
Bibliography
Index      
前言/序言
     The motivation for these lecture notes on minimal surfaces is to have a treatment that begins with almost no prerequisites and ends up with current research topics. We touch upon some of the applications to other fields including low dimensional topology, general relativity, and materials science.
  Minimal surfaces date back to Euler and Lagrange and the beginning of the calculus of variations. Many of the techniques developed have played key roles in geometry and partial differential equations. Examples include monotonicity and tangent cone analysis originating in the regularity theory for minimal surfaces, estimates for nonlinear equations based on the maximum principle arising in Bernstein's classical work, and even Lebesgue's definition of the integral that he developed in his thesis on the Plateau problem for minimal surfaces.
  The only prerequisites needed for this book are a basic knowledge of Riemannian geometry and some familiarity with the maximum principle. Of the various ways of approaching minimal surfaces (from complex analysis, PDE, or geometric measure theory), we have chosen to focus on the PDE aspects of the theory.
  In Chapter 1, we will first derive the minimal surface equation as the Euler-Lagrange equation for the area functional on graphs. Subsequently, we derive the parametric form of the minimal surface equation (the first variation formula). The focus of the first chapter is on the basic properties of minimal surfaces, including the monotonicity formula for area and the Bernstein theorem. We also mention some examples. In the next to last section of Chapter 1, we derive the second variation formula, the stability inequality, and define the Morse index of a minimal surface. In the last section, we introduce multi-valued minimal graphs which will play a major role later when we discuss results from [CM3]-[CM7l. We will also give a local example, from [CM18l, of spiraling minimal surfaces (like the helicoid) that can be decomposed into multi-valued graphs but where the rate of spiraling is far from constant.
  Chapter 2 deals with generalizations of the Bernstein theorem. We begin the chapter by deriving Simons' inequality for the Laplacian of the norm squared of the second fundamental form of a minimal hypersurface ∑ in Rn.In the later sections, we discuss various applications of this inequality. The first application is a theorem of Choi and Schoen giving curvature estimates for minimal surfaces with small total curvature. Using this estimate, we give a short proof of Heinz's curvature estimate for minimal graphs. Next, we discuss a priori estimates for stable minimal surfaces in three-manifolds, including estimates on area and total curvature of Colding and Minicozzi and the curvature estimate of Schoen. After that, we follow Schoen, Simon and Yau and combine Simons' inequality with the stability inequality to show higher Lp bounds for the square of the norm of the second fundamental form for stable minimal hypersurfaces. The higher Lp bounds are then used together with Simons' inequality to show curvature estimates for stable minimal hypersurfaces and to give a generalization due to De Giorgi, Almgren, and Simons of the Bernstein theorem proven in Chapter 1. We introduce a notion of "almost stabilility" that plays a crucial role in understanding embedded surfaces. Next, we return to multi-valued minimal graphs and prove an important result from [CM3] which states that the separation grows sublinearly if the multi-valued graph has enough sheets. We close the chapter with a discussion of minimal cones in Euclidean space and the relationship to the Bernstein theorem.
  We start Chapter 3 by introducing stationary varifolds as a generalization of classical minimal surfaces. We next prove the Sobolev inequality of Michael and Simon. After that, we prove a generalization, due to Colding and Minicozzi, of the Bernstein theorem for minimal surfaces discussed in the preceding chapter. Namely, following [CM6], we will show in Chapter 3 that, in fact, a bound on the density gives an upper bound for the smallest affine subspace that the minimal surface lies in. We will deduce this theorem from the properties of the coordinate functions (in fact, more generally, properties of harmonic functions) on k-rectifiable stationary varifolds of arbitrary codimension in Euclidean space. Finally, in the last section, we introduce another notion of weak convergence (called bubble convergence) that was developed to explain the bubbling phenomenon that occurs in conformally invariant problems, including two-dimensional harmonic maps and J-holomorphic curves. We will show that bubble convergence implies varifold convergence.    
				
 
				
				
					好的,這是一份關於《極小麯麵教程(英文版)》的圖書簡介,內容詳盡,但未包含您指定的書目信息:  ---   幾何的詩篇:流形、張量與現代拓撲學導論  作者: [此處應為虛構作者姓名]  齣版日期: [此處應為虛構齣版年份]  齣版社: [此處應為虛構齣版社名稱]  頁數: 約 680 頁  裝幀: 精裝 / 散文式排版  適閤讀者: 高年級本科生、研究生、對純粹數學與理論物理交叉領域有濃厚興趣的專業人士。  ---   內容提要:穿越高維空間的邏輯迷宮  《幾何的詩篇:流形、張量與現代拓撲學導論》是一部深入探索現代微分幾何與拓撲學基礎概念的權威著作。本書旨在架設起古典幾何直覺與現代數學嚴謹性之間的橋梁,引導讀者從基本的拓撲空間概念齣發,逐步構建起理解微分流形、黎曼幾何以及縴維叢理論所需的堅實數學工具箱。全書內容結構嚴謹,邏輯推導清晰,尤其注重幾何直覺的培養,而非單純的公式堆砌。  本書的敘事綫索圍繞著“局部到全局”的幾何推理展開。作者首先迴顧瞭必要的集閤論和點集拓撲預備知識,隨後迅速進入微分拓撲的核心——光滑流形的構造。這一部分詳盡闡述瞭從局部坐標係到整體結構的過渡機製,引入瞭諸如切空間、嚮量場、微分形式等基本構件。讀者將學習如何利用這些工具描述光滑對象的內在幾何屬性。  接下來的篇幅聚焦於黎曼幾何的基石——黎曼度量張量。本書沒有停留在抽象的定義上,而是深入探討瞭度量張量的定義、剋裏斯托費爾符號的幾何意義,以及測地綫的概念。書中對測地綫方程的推導進行瞭細緻的剖析,並首次引入瞭麯率概念的拓撲起源,尤其是裏奇張量和斯卡拉麯率的計算,為後續的廣義相對論或幾何分析打下瞭堅實的基礎。  本書的一大亮點在於其對縴維叢理論的詳盡講解。作者認為,要理解現代幾何的深刻內涵,必須掌握這種“局部剖麵、整體結構”的視角。從嚮量叢的構造、聯絡的定義,到霍奇理論的萌芽——微分形式上的外微分運算($d$ 算子)及其在拓撲上的深刻內涵,本書提供瞭清晰的數學框架。讀者將學習到麯率形式的本質,以及它如何與縴維叢的幾何結構緊密耦閤。  在拓撲學部分,本書巧妙地將同調與上同調的概念融入流形結構之中。作者避免瞭對單純代數拓撲的冗長鋪墊,而是直接聚焦於德拉姆上同調,展示瞭微分形式如何提供一種“可微”的路徑來計算拓撲不變量。從基本的外微分為止的同倫不變性,到更深層次的代數結構,本書力求讓讀者領悟到“幾何決定代數”的強大洞察力。  最後,本書的壓軸部分涉及幾何分析的初步探討。作者簡要介紹瞭拉普拉斯-德拉姆算子在流形上的性質,並探討瞭黎曼流形上的熱方程、波方程的基本邊界條件和解的存在性問題,為讀者未來深入研究調和映射、楊-米爾斯理論或幾何流等前沿領域提供瞭必要的理論基礎和堅實的分析視角。   核心特色與教學理念:  1.  直覺與嚴謹的平衡: 每一個抽象定義的引入,都伴隨著清晰的幾何圖像或物理類比。例如,在解釋張量密度時,作者使用瞭經典流體力學中的密度分布概念進行類比。 2.  計算的細緻性: 大量關鍵公式的推導過程被完全展開,特彆是關於麯率張量分量的計算,力求讓讀者不僅知其然,更知其所以然。 3.  跨學科的視野: 盡管本書是純數學著作,但它在引入概念時,持續參考瞭廣義相對論中的坐標不變量性要求,以及量子場論中對規範不變性的需求,拓寬瞭讀者的應用視野。 4.  精選的習題集: 每章末尾附有難度適中且富有啓發性的習題,分為“概念驗證”、“計算深化”和“高級探索”三類,鼓勵讀者主動應用所學知識解決復雜問題。  《幾何的詩篇》不僅僅是一本教科書,更是一次對幾何思想精髓的沉浸式考察。它要求讀者以批判性的眼光和堅韌的耐心去探索空間結構和內在度量的奧秘,是一部值得數學工作者反復研讀的經典之作。  --- (總字數約 1500 字,內容詳盡,圍繞微分幾何、拓撲學、流形、張量和縴維叢展開,不包含極小麯麵相關內容,且結構符閤專業數學書籍簡介風格。)