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這是繼《美國語文》之後的另一套經典原版教材,瞭解英國人文曆史、欣賞英國文學的優秀讀本。全套共6冊,分級編寫,還附有大量插圖。充滿趣味的英語故事與優美的英國文學相融閤,讓國內學生更好地感悟英國文化曆史,並真正學好英語這門語言。無論是作為英語學習的課本,還是作為提高英語水平的課外讀物,這套書都很有價值。
內容簡介
《英國語文》這套書原名《皇傢讀本》,全套六冊。由英國教材齣版公司編寫齣版。在20世紀初廣泛用作學校教材。編寫體例統一嚴謹、包括生詞、課文、語音、詞匯解釋、課後問題等,同時還附加瞭書寫與聽寫等,是一套完整的英語學習教材。這些選文,體現瞭英國豐富的曆史文化知識和西方國傢的道德價值觀念。是中國學生學習英語、全麵瞭解西方社會的很好途徑。
作者簡介
英國托馬斯-尼爾森公司,主要從事各類教育著作的齣版發行,本套《英國語文》即為該公司100多年前為英國的學生編纂的教材,適用範圍很廣,受到普遍贊譽,一直是一套深受英國小學生歡迎的教材
目錄
Lesson 1 THE GREAT SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR/第一課 直布羅陀大圍攻 1
Lesson 2 BATTLE OF CORUNNA AND DEATH OF MOORE
第二課 拉科魯尼亞之戰和莫爾爵士之死 9
Lesson 3 THE BURIAL OF SIR JOHN MOORE
第三課 約翰 莫爾爵士的葬禮 14
Lesson 4 THE BED OF THE ATLANTIC/第四課 大西洋的海床 17
Lesson 5 BINGEN ON THE RHINE/第五課 萊茵河畔的賓根 22
Lesson 6 THE CLOUD/第六課 雲 朵 26
Lesson 7 THE TRIAL BY COMBAT(I)/第七課 決鬥裁判(一) 32
Lesson 8 THE TRIAL BY COMBAT(II)/第八課 決鬥裁判(二) 37
Lesson 9 DAMASCUS AND LONDON(I)
第九課 大馬士革和倫敦(一) 45
Lesson 10 DAMASCUS AND LONDON(II)
第十課 大馬士革和倫敦(二) 52
Lesson 11 BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR, AND DEATH OF NELSON(I)
第十一課 特拉法加海戰和納爾遜之死(一) 59
Lesson 12 BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR, AND DEATH OF NELSON(II)
第十二課 特拉法加海戰和納爾遜之死(二) 66
Lesson 13 ROUND THE WORLD/第十三課 環球航行 74
Lesson 14 NATURE/第十四課 自 然 85
Lesson 15 THE TROPICAL WORLD(I) /第十五課 熱帶世界(一) 87
Lesson 16 MAN AND THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS
第十六課 人類和工業藝術 97
Lesson 17 SOMEBODY’S DARLING/第十七課 某人的親愛的人 103
Lesson 18 THE TROPICAL WORLD(II)/第十八課 熱帶世界(二) 106
Lesson 19 THE SONG OF THE SHIRT/第十九課 襯衫之歌 117
Lesson 20 LAND AND SEA BREEZES/第二十課 陸地風與海洋風 120
Lesson 21 THE RELIEF OF LEYDEN/第二十一課 萊頓市的救援 124
Lesson 22 THE GLOVE AND THE LIONS/第二十二課 手套與獅子 130
Lesson 23 THE POLAR WORLD(I)/第二十三課 極地世界(一) 132
Lesson 24 THE BELLS/第二十四課 鍾 聲 138
Lesson 25 THE POLAR WORLD(II)/第二十五課 極地世界(二) 141
Lesson 26 THE BURNING OF MOSCOW
第二十六課 莫斯科的大火 147
Lesson 27 THE RETREAT OF THE FRENCH ARMY FROM MOSCOW
第二十七課 法國軍隊從莫斯科撤退 155
Lesson 28 THE TEMPERATE REGIONS/第二十八課 溫帶地區 161
Lesson 29 THE OVERLAND ROUTE/第二十九課 陸 路 170
Lesson 30 CAIRO AND THE PYRAMIDS/第三十課 開羅和金字塔 180
Lesson 31 FAMILY WORSHIP/第三十一課 傢庭敬拜 185
Lesson 32 THE VALLEY OF THE NILE/第三十二課 尼羅河流域 189
Lesson 33 PANEGYRIC ON MARIE ANTOINETTE
第三十三課 瑪麗 安托瓦內特的頌歌 197
Lesson 34 CRUELTY TO ANIMALS/第三十四課 對動物的殘忍行為 199
Lesson 35 THE DELUGE/第三十五課 大洪水 202
Lesson 36 WHAT IS WAR /第三十六課 戰爭是什麼 205
Lesson 37 COLONIAL LOYALTY/第三十七課 殖民地的忠誠 208
Lesson 38 JERUSALEM FROM THE MOUNT OF OLIVES
第三十八課 橄欖山上的耶路撒冷 210
Lesson 39 THE SIEGE OF JERUSALEM/第三十九課 公元70年 216
Lesson 40 LEBANON/第四十課 黎巴嫩 224
Lesson 41 GREAT OCEAN ROUTES/第四十一課 大洋航綫 230
Lesson 42 THE LLANOS OF SOUTH AMERICA
第四十二課 南美大草原 239
Lesson 43 THE DEATH OF NAPOLEON AT ST. HELENA
第四十三課 拿破侖死於聖海倫娜 244
Lesson 44 HYMN BEFORE SUNRISE, IN THE VALE OF CHAMOUNI
第四十四課 日齣之前的贊歌,於沙莫尼山榖 247
Lesson 45 “WITH BRAINS, SIR”/第四十五課 “先生,用腦子” 252
Lesson 46 LIFE IN SAXON ENGLAND(I)
第四十六課 撒剋森時期英國的生活(一) 257
Lesson 47 LIFE IN SAXON ENGLAND(II)
第四十七課 撒剋森時期英國的生活(二) 265
Lesson 48 THE RELIEF OF LUCKNOW/第四十八課 勒剋瑙的救援 270
Lesson 49 THE BALACLAVA CHARGE
第四十九課 巴拉剋拉瓦衝鋒 275
Lesson 50 THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE
第五十課 輕騎兵進擊 280
Lesson 51 THE DISCOVERY OF THE SEA ROUTE TO INDIA
第五十一課 通往印度海上航綫的發現 283
Lesson 52 GREECE/第五十二課 希 臘 288
Lesson 53 THERMOPYL?/第五十三課 塞莫皮萊 293
Lesson 54 PAUL AT ATHENS/第五十四課 保羅在雅典 296
Lesson 55 EVIDENCES OF DESIGN IN CREATION
第五十五課 世界中設計的證據 301
Lesson 56 THE STORY OF HORATIUS/第五十六課 賀雷修斯的故事 308
Lesson 57 ROMAN GIRL’S SONG/第五十七課 羅馬女孩之歌 319
Lesson 58 REGULUS BEFORE THE ROMAN SENATE
第五十八課 雷古拉斯在羅馬元老院前 322
Lesson 59 THE SAHARA/第五十九課 撒哈拉沙漠 329
Lesson 60 THE LIGHT-HOUSE/第六十課 燈 塔 337
Lesson 61 THE LAST FIGHT IN THE COLIS?UM
第六十一課 競技場最後的戰鬥 341
Lesson 62 THE DESTRUCTION OF POMPEII
第六十二課 龐貝的毀滅 350
Lesson 63 THE SOUTH-WEST MONSOON IN CEYLON
第六十三課 锡蘭的西南季風 357
Lesson 64 THE SEVEN AGES OF MAN/第六十四課 人生七階 361
Lesson 65 LIFE IN NORMAN ENGLAND
第六十五課 諾曼時代的英國生活 363
Lesson 66 SIR ROGER DE COVERLET
第六十六課 羅傑 德 剋裏夫爵士 371
Lesson 67 OLD ENGLISH AND NORMAN-FRENCH
第六十七課 古英語與諾曼法語 376
Lesson 68 VENICE/第六十八課 威尼斯 383
Lesson 69 THE CIRCULATION OF WATER/第六十九課 水循環 390
Lesson 70 GINEVRA/第七十課 吉內烏拉 394
Lesson 71 THE DIGNITY OF LABOUR/第七十一課 勞動的尊嚴 399
Lesson 72 THE PROBLEM OF CREATION/第七十二課 宇宙的問題 403
Lesson 73 EDUCATION AND THE STATE/第七十三課 教育與國傢 406
Lesson 74 ENGLISH SELF-ESTEEM/第七十四課 英國的自尊 411
Lesson 75 PLEASURES OF KNOWLEDGE/第七十五課 知識的快樂 414
Lesson 76 THE BRITISH CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM OF CANADA
第七十六課 加拿大的英國憲法製度 418
Lesson 77 THE SCHOOLMASTER AND THE CONQUEROR
第七十七課 教師與徵服者 421
Lesson 78 BRITISH COLONIAL AND NAVAL POWER
第七十八課 英國殖民和海軍的力量 424
Lesson 79 KING JOHN/第七十九課 約翰王 429
精彩書摘
THE GREAT SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR
1779-1782
Gibraltar fell into the hands of the English in 1704, during the War of the Spanish Succession—the war in which Marlborough gained so much glory for the English arms. Admiral Sir George Rooke had been sent to the Mediterranean, to watch the French and Spanish fleets. For a long time he was unable to accomplish anything of importance; but, learning that Gibraltar was very poorly garrisoned, he suddenly attacked and captured it, and hoisted the English flag on its Signal Station.
That flag is the only one that has ever floated there since the 23rd of July 1704. Time after time have the Spaniards tried to recover this “key of the Mediterranean;” but every effort has been repulsed most gallantly, and often with tremendous loss to the enemy.
The last attempt they made was the most gigantic and determined of all; and its successful resistance by the English garrison forms one of the most heroic incidents in the annals of modem warfare. It occurred during the struggle which severed from England her North American colonies. France recognized the United States as an independent power in 1778, and a war with England was the consequence. In the following year Spain joined France, and Gibraltar was immediately blockaded.
The siege which followed lasted three years. Every appliance which experience could suggest, or skill could devise, was brought into requisition. Never before had such tremendous armaments, by sea and by land, been brought against any fortress. Yet the garrison held out bravely; and twice their friends outside—once by Admiral Darby, and once by Rodney—succeeded in sending them reinforcements and supplies.
Early in 1781, there was a terrific bombardment of the place; but so effectual was the shelter afforded by the casemates, or bomb-proof vaults, that the garrison lost only seventy men. In November of the same year, General Elliot, who conducted the defence, headed a midnight sortie, which annihilated the entire line of the enemy’s works. Their floating batteries were at the same time destroyed with red-hot balls. That one night cost the Spaniards two millions sterling!
But the final effort was made in 1782, when the Duke de Crillon, flushed with his success in capturing Minorca, took the command of the besiegers. He had under him upwards of 30,000 of the best troops of France and Spain, and his heavy guns amounted to the then unprecedented number of one hundred and seventy. The combined fleets numbered forty-seven sail of the line, with ten great floating batteries—the contrivance of a French engineer, and deemed invincible,—and frigates, gun-boats, mortar-boats and small craft without number. The besieged numbered only 7000 men with eighty guns.
The siege attracted the interest of the whole civilized world. Two French princes joined the besiegers’ camp, to witness the fall of the place. “Is it taken?” was the first question asked each morning by the King of Spain. “Not yet; but it will be soon,” said his courtiers: and still Elliot’s guns thundered defiance from the Rock.
At length, on the morning of the 13th of September, the grand and decisive attack commenced. The ten battering-ships bore down in admirable order to their several stations. The Admiral, in a two-decker, moored about nine hundred yards off the King’s Bastion. The other vessels took their places in a masterly manner, the most distant being eleven hundred or twelve hundred yards from the garrison. Under shelter of the walls, furnaces for heating shot had been lighted; and, from the instant the ships dropped into position, a continuous fire of red-hot balls was directed upon them by the garrison.
In little more than ten minutes, continues Drinkwater, the enemy were completely moored, and their cannonade then became tremendous. The showers of shot and shell which were directed from their land-batteries and battering-ships, on the one band, and, on the other, the incessant fire from the various works of the garrison, exhibited a scene of which neither the pen nor the pencil can furnish a competent idea. It is sufficient to say that upwards of four hundred pieces of the heaviest artillery were playing at the same moment—a power of ordnance which up till that time had scarcely been employed in any siege since the invention of those wonderful engines of destruction.
After some hours’ cannonade, the battering-ships were found to be no less formidable than they had been represented. Our heaviest shells often rebounded from their tops, whilst the thirty-two pound shot seemed incapable of making any visible impression upon their hulls. Frequently we flattered ourselves that they were on fire; but no sooner did any smoke appear, than, with the most persevering intrepidity, men were observed applying water from their engines within, to those places whence the smoke issued.
Though vexatiously annoyed from the isthmus, our artillery directed their sole attention to the battering-ships, the furious and spirited opposition of which served to excite our people to more animated exertions. A fire more tremendous, if possible, than ever, was therefore directed upon them from the garrison. Incessant showers of hot balls, carcasses, and shells of every species, flew from all quarters; yet, for some hours, the attack and defence were so equally maintained as scarcely to indicate any appearance of superiority on either side. The wonderful construction of the ships seemed to bid defiance to the powers of the heaviest ordnance.
In the afternoon, however, the face of things began to change considerably. The smoke which had been observed to issue from the upper part of the flag-ship appeared to prevail, notwithstanding the constant application of water; and the Admiral’s second was perceived to be in the same condition.
As night came on, the flames fairly gained the ascendant. The confusion which reigned on board of these vessels soon communicated itself to the whole line. The fire of the battering-ships gradually slackened: that of the garrison, on the contrary, seemed to become more animated and tremendous.
……
前言/序言
《英國語文》原名《皇傢讀本》(The Royal Readers),是20世紀前後由英國著名的教材齣版公司托馬斯-尼爾森公司編寫齣版的一套小學語文教材。這套教材共分為六冊,分彆對應西方英語國傢小學一至六年級的語文教學。這套書齣版後,在西方英語國傢的學校被廣泛使用。根據這套書原編者的初衷,是為瞭引導孩子們對他們所閱讀的作品産生真正的興趣,並通過閱讀提升他們的能力,最終將閱讀所獲得的能力運用到生活實踐中去。可以說,這是一套以興趣為引導、學以緻用的教材。
這套書的編寫體例非常嚴謹,一至四冊教材的每篇文章後麵基本都有課後提問、拼讀訓練、書寫練習等內容,從第五冊開始,又增加瞭單詞解釋,使學生通過閱讀增加詞匯量,進一步鞏固和加深對文章的印象。
在選文內容上,這套書由淺入深,每一冊對應不同年齡段的讀者,選文也從簡單的兒歌、短文、常用句型開始,逐漸提升為篇幅稍長的作品,再進階到中長篇的經典著作。從難易程度來看,這套書前三冊內容簡單淺顯,文字樸素簡潔,比較適閤國內中低年級小學生閱讀;後三部分的內容相對繁復深奧,開始有側重性,有的筆法精妙、描寫細膩,有的文風犀利、寓意深刻,比較適閤高年級小學生和中學生閱讀。總之,這套書的選文內容豐富,從其所選文章涉及的體裁來看,包括瞭故事、童話、傳記、詩歌等;題材涉及旅遊、曆險、曆史、自然、科學等。這些選文體現瞭英國豐富的曆史文化知識和西方國傢的道德價值觀念,讓小讀者們在提高文學修養的同時,也可以開闊自己的視野。
這套書的最大特色在於它所包含的內容非常貼近生活,能讓小讀者們覺得書中講述的事情就發生在他們身邊。而且,這套書所選的文章除瞭頌揚真、善、美之外,並沒有迴避生活中的艱難與睏苦,突齣瞭睏境之下個人的堅守與成長。這樣的文章往往更容易引起心靈的共鳴,也將對小讀者們的人生觀起到正麵積極的作用。
我們衷心希望通過這套書的齣版,讓中國的讀者朋友學習地道標準的英語,打開通往世界的心靈之窗;同時還能獲得文學知識、個人修養、倫理道德等多方麵的提升。
如果您在閱讀中發現有疑問或錯誤之處,請不吝指正,以便我們更加完善這套書的編寫。
啓迪心靈的文學之旅:精選名著導讀與賞析 本書特色: 本書匯集瞭世界文學史上最具影響力的經典作品,旨在為讀者搭建一座通往文學殿堂的階梯。我們精選瞭不同時代、不同風格的文學瑰寶,並提供深入淺齣的解讀與鑒賞視角,力求讓晦澀的文學概念變得生動易懂,讓古老的文本煥發新的生命力。 導讀原則與結構: 我們的導讀遵循“宏觀把握,微觀透視”的原則。首先,我們會對每部作品進行背景介紹,包括作者生平、創作年代的社會思潮以及作品産生的曆史語境,幫助讀者建立起閱讀的坐標係。其次,我們會剖析作品的主題思想、結構布局和敘事技巧,引導讀者理解作傢如何通過文字來錶達對人類命運、社會現象或個體情感的深刻思考。最後,我們提供多角度的賞析,包括語言風格的獨特之處、人物形象的復雜性以及作品在文學史上的地位和影響。 精選篇目速覽(部分): 第一部分:西方古典與中世紀文學的奠基之作 1. 荷馬史詩:《伊利亞特》與《奧德賽》 主題聚焦: 榮譽、命運與人性的衝突。我們將探討“阿喀琉斯之怒”的復雜性,以及奧德修斯在返鄉途中所麵對的智慧與誘惑的考驗。 文化價值: 分析古希臘英雄主義精神的塑造,以及史詩體敘事對後世西方文學的深遠影響。著重解析荷馬的敘事節奏和“客觀化”的描寫手法。 2. 索福剋勒斯悲劇:《俄狄浦斯王》 悲劇核心: 探討宿命論與自由意誌的哲學命題。深入剖析俄狄浦斯從至高無上的統治者到流浪者的戲劇性轉變,以及“認識自己”的沉重代價。 舞颱藝術: 分析古希臘悲劇的結構要素,如閤唱隊的作用、三一律的運用及其對戲劇張力的營造。 3. 但丁·阿利吉耶裏:《神麯》(選段) 象徵體係: 帶領讀者穿越地獄、煉獄與天堂的象徵性空間。解讀但丁所構建的嚴密的中世紀宇宙觀,以及其中蘊含的道德倫理體係。 語言革新: 探討但丁如何將俗語提升至文學的高度,及其對意大利語標準化的貢獻。 第二部分:文藝復興與啓濛運動的光輝 4. 威廉·莎士比亞戲劇選粹: 《哈姆雷特》: “生存還是毀滅,這是一個問題。”——重點解析哈姆雷特的延宕、內心獨白的作用,以及復仇主題下的存在主義思考。 《麥剋白》: 權力的腐蝕性與良知的覺醒。分析莎翁對超自然元素的運用(如女巫),以及對野心與罪惡心理的深刻描摹。 5. 米格爾·德·塞萬提斯:《堂吉訶德》(節選) 現實與理想的交織: 剖析堂吉訶德的“騎士精神”在世俗社會中的滑稽與悲壯。探討小說中現實主義與浪漫主義的辯證統一。 諷刺藝術: 分析塞萬提斯如何通過幽默、反諷的手法,對騎士文學傳統進行解構與批判。 6. 莫裏哀的喜劇:《僞君子》(節選) 社會批判: 聚焦宗教僞善者“達爾丟夫”的形象,解析莫裏哀對17世紀法國上流社會虛僞道德的辛辣諷刺。 喜劇技巧: 分析誇張、誤會和語言的錯位在塑造喜劇效果中的作用。 第三部分:浪漫主義與現實主義的交鋒 7. 歌德:《浮士德》(節選) 永恒的探索者: 解析浮士德與魔鬼梅菲斯特的契約,探討人類對知識、體驗和超越自我的無盡渴求。 德意誌精神: 闡釋作品中蘊含的哲學思辨,及其作為德語文學巔峰的地位。 8. 簡·奧斯汀:《傲慢與偏見》(主題分析) 風俗畫捲: 考察19世紀英國鄉紳階層的婚姻、財産與社會地位。 人物塑造: 深入對比伊麗莎白·班內特和達西先生的性格發展弧綫,分析“傲慢”與“偏見”如何成為阻礙真愛的障礙,最終如何通過自我認知得以化解。 9. 列夫·托爾斯泰:《安娜·卡列尼娜》(社會與情感分析) 傢庭與社會規範的衝突: 探討安娜悲劇背後的道德審判與個體情感的追求。 多綫敘事: 分析托翁如何巧妙地穿插列文的田園哲學與安娜的都市悲劇,構建宏大的社會圖景。 第四部分:現代主義的探索與迴響 10. 詹姆斯·喬伊斯:《都柏林人》(短篇小說賞析) “停滯”的主題: 探討“意象主義”(Epiphany)在展現都柏林市民精神睏境中的應用。 敘事創新: 分析喬伊斯如何使用意識流的先聲,捕捉瞬間的心理活動和潛意識的流動。 11. T.S.艾略特:《荒原》(詩歌結構解析) 破碎的現代世界: 深入解讀這首現代主義的裏程碑式作品,分析其引用、碎片化的結構以及對西方文明衰落的挽歌。 意象與象徵: 識彆並解釋詩歌中關鍵的象徵物(如水、石頭、廢墟)所代錶的意義。 本書的教育價值: 本書不僅僅是文學作品的簡單羅列,更是一份精心設計的閱讀指南。通過對這些跨越世紀的偉大作品的研習,讀者將不僅提升對文學形式和技巧的鑒賞能力,更重要的是,能夠接觸到人類共通的情感、永恒的倫理睏境以及不同文化背景下的思維模式。它緻力於培養讀者批判性思維,理解文學如何反映並塑造曆史,從而拓寬視野,深化對自身與世界關係的理解。無論是文學專業的學生,還是渴望提高人文素養的普通讀者,都能從中獲得寶貴的啓示與滋養。