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这是继《美国语文》之后的另一套经典原版教材,了解英国人文历史、欣赏英国文学的优秀读本。全套共6册,分级编写,还附有大量插图。充满趣味的英语故事与优美的英国文学相融合,让国内学生更好地感悟英国文化历史,并真正学好英语这门语言。无论是作为英语学习的课本,还是作为提高英语水平的课外读物,这套书都很有价值。
内容简介
《英国语文》这套书原名《皇家读本》,全套六册。由英国教材出版公司编写出版。在20世纪初广泛用作学校教材。编写体例统一严谨、包括生词、课文、语音、词汇解释、课后问题等,同时还附加了书写与听写等,是一套完整的英语学习教材。这些选文,体现了英国丰富的历史文化知识和西方国家的道德价值观念。是中国学生学习英语、全面了解西方社会的很好途径。
作者简介
英国托马斯-尼尔森公司,主要从事各类教育著作的出版发行,本套《英国语文》即为该公司100多年前为英国的学生编纂的教材,适用范围很广,受到普遍赞誉,一直是一套深受英国小学生欢迎的教材
目录
Lesson 1 THE GREAT SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR/第一课 直布罗陀大围攻 1
Lesson 2 BATTLE OF CORUNNA AND DEATH OF MOORE
第二课 拉科鲁尼亚之战和莫尔爵士之死 9
Lesson 3 THE BURIAL OF SIR JOHN MOORE
第三课 约翰 莫尔爵士的葬礼 14
Lesson 4 THE BED OF THE ATLANTIC/第四课 大西洋的海床 17
Lesson 5 BINGEN ON THE RHINE/第五课 莱茵河畔的宾根 22
Lesson 6 THE CLOUD/第六课 云 朵 26
Lesson 7 THE TRIAL BY COMBAT(I)/第七课 决斗裁判(一) 32
Lesson 8 THE TRIAL BY COMBAT(II)/第八课 决斗裁判(二) 37
Lesson 9 DAMASCUS AND LONDON(I)
第九课 大马士革和伦敦(一) 45
Lesson 10 DAMASCUS AND LONDON(II)
第十课 大马士革和伦敦(二) 52
Lesson 11 BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR, AND DEATH OF NELSON(I)
第十一课 特拉法加海战和纳尔逊之死(一) 59
Lesson 12 BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR, AND DEATH OF NELSON(II)
第十二课 特拉法加海战和纳尔逊之死(二) 66
Lesson 13 ROUND THE WORLD/第十三课 环球航行 74
Lesson 14 NATURE/第十四课 自 然 85
Lesson 15 THE TROPICAL WORLD(I) /第十五课 热带世界(一) 87
Lesson 16 MAN AND THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS
第十六课 人类和工业艺术 97
Lesson 17 SOMEBODY’S DARLING/第十七课 某人的亲爱的人 103
Lesson 18 THE TROPICAL WORLD(II)/第十八课 热带世界(二) 106
Lesson 19 THE SONG OF THE SHIRT/第十九课 衬衫之歌 117
Lesson 20 LAND AND SEA BREEZES/第二十课 陆地风与海洋风 120
Lesson 21 THE RELIEF OF LEYDEN/第二十一课 莱顿市的救援 124
Lesson 22 THE GLOVE AND THE LIONS/第二十二课 手套与狮子 130
Lesson 23 THE POLAR WORLD(I)/第二十三课 极地世界(一) 132
Lesson 24 THE BELLS/第二十四课 钟 声 138
Lesson 25 THE POLAR WORLD(II)/第二十五课 极地世界(二) 141
Lesson 26 THE BURNING OF MOSCOW
第二十六课 莫斯科的大火 147
Lesson 27 THE RETREAT OF THE FRENCH ARMY FROM MOSCOW
第二十七课 法国军队从莫斯科撤退 155
Lesson 28 THE TEMPERATE REGIONS/第二十八课 温带地区 161
Lesson 29 THE OVERLAND ROUTE/第二十九课 陆 路 170
Lesson 30 CAIRO AND THE PYRAMIDS/第三十课 开罗和金字塔 180
Lesson 31 FAMILY WORSHIP/第三十一课 家庭敬拜 185
Lesson 32 THE VALLEY OF THE NILE/第三十二课 尼罗河流域 189
Lesson 33 PANEGYRIC ON MARIE ANTOINETTE
第三十三课 玛丽 安托瓦内特的颂歌 197
Lesson 34 CRUELTY TO ANIMALS/第三十四课 对动物的残忍行为 199
Lesson 35 THE DELUGE/第三十五课 大洪水 202
Lesson 36 WHAT IS WAR /第三十六课 战争是什么 205
Lesson 37 COLONIAL LOYALTY/第三十七课 殖民地的忠诚 208
Lesson 38 JERUSALEM FROM THE MOUNT OF OLIVES
第三十八课 橄榄山上的耶路撒冷 210
Lesson 39 THE SIEGE OF JERUSALEM/第三十九课 公元70年 216
Lesson 40 LEBANON/第四十课 黎巴嫩 224
Lesson 41 GREAT OCEAN ROUTES/第四十一课 大洋航线 230
Lesson 42 THE LLANOS OF SOUTH AMERICA
第四十二课 南美大草原 239
Lesson 43 THE DEATH OF NAPOLEON AT ST. HELENA
第四十三课 拿破仑死于圣海伦娜 244
Lesson 44 HYMN BEFORE SUNRISE, IN THE VALE OF CHAMOUNI
第四十四课 日出之前的赞歌,于沙莫尼山谷 247
Lesson 45 “WITH BRAINS, SIR”/第四十五课 “先生,用脑子” 252
Lesson 46 LIFE IN SAXON ENGLAND(I)
第四十六课 撒克森时期英国的生活(一) 257
Lesson 47 LIFE IN SAXON ENGLAND(II)
第四十七课 撒克森时期英国的生活(二) 265
Lesson 48 THE RELIEF OF LUCKNOW/第四十八课 勒克瑙的救援 270
Lesson 49 THE BALACLAVA CHARGE
第四十九课 巴拉克拉瓦冲锋 275
Lesson 50 THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE
第五十课 轻骑兵进击 280
Lesson 51 THE DISCOVERY OF THE SEA ROUTE TO INDIA
第五十一课 通往印度海上航线的发现 283
Lesson 52 GREECE/第五十二课 希 腊 288
Lesson 53 THERMOPYL?/第五十三课 塞莫皮莱 293
Lesson 54 PAUL AT ATHENS/第五十四课 保罗在雅典 296
Lesson 55 EVIDENCES OF DESIGN IN CREATION
第五十五课 世界中设计的证据 301
Lesson 56 THE STORY OF HORATIUS/第五十六课 贺雷修斯的故事 308
Lesson 57 ROMAN GIRL’S SONG/第五十七课 罗马女孩之歌 319
Lesson 58 REGULUS BEFORE THE ROMAN SENATE
第五十八课 雷古拉斯在罗马元老院前 322
Lesson 59 THE SAHARA/第五十九课 撒哈拉沙漠 329
Lesson 60 THE LIGHT-HOUSE/第六十课 灯 塔 337
Lesson 61 THE LAST FIGHT IN THE COLIS?UM
第六十一课 竞技场最后的战斗 341
Lesson 62 THE DESTRUCTION OF POMPEII
第六十二课 庞贝的毁灭 350
Lesson 63 THE SOUTH-WEST MONSOON IN CEYLON
第六十三课 锡兰的西南季风 357
Lesson 64 THE SEVEN AGES OF MAN/第六十四课 人生七阶 361
Lesson 65 LIFE IN NORMAN ENGLAND
第六十五课 诺曼时代的英国生活 363
Lesson 66 SIR ROGER DE COVERLET
第六十六课 罗杰 德 克里夫爵士 371
Lesson 67 OLD ENGLISH AND NORMAN-FRENCH
第六十七课 古英语与诺曼法语 376
Lesson 68 VENICE/第六十八课 威尼斯 383
Lesson 69 THE CIRCULATION OF WATER/第六十九课 水循环 390
Lesson 70 GINEVRA/第七十课 吉内乌拉 394
Lesson 71 THE DIGNITY OF LABOUR/第七十一课 劳动的尊严 399
Lesson 72 THE PROBLEM OF CREATION/第七十二课 宇宙的问题 403
Lesson 73 EDUCATION AND THE STATE/第七十三课 教育与国家 406
Lesson 74 ENGLISH SELF-ESTEEM/第七十四课 英国的自尊 411
Lesson 75 PLEASURES OF KNOWLEDGE/第七十五课 知识的快乐 414
Lesson 76 THE BRITISH CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM OF CANADA
第七十六课 加拿大的英国宪法制度 418
Lesson 77 THE SCHOOLMASTER AND THE CONQUEROR
第七十七课 教师与征服者 421
Lesson 78 BRITISH COLONIAL AND NAVAL POWER
第七十八课 英国殖民和海军的力量 424
Lesson 79 KING JOHN/第七十九课 约翰王 429
精彩书摘
THE GREAT SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR
1779-1782
Gibraltar fell into the hands of the English in 1704, during the War of the Spanish Succession—the war in which Marlborough gained so much glory for the English arms. Admiral Sir George Rooke had been sent to the Mediterranean, to watch the French and Spanish fleets. For a long time he was unable to accomplish anything of importance; but, learning that Gibraltar was very poorly garrisoned, he suddenly attacked and captured it, and hoisted the English flag on its Signal Station.
That flag is the only one that has ever floated there since the 23rd of July 1704. Time after time have the Spaniards tried to recover this “key of the Mediterranean;” but every effort has been repulsed most gallantly, and often with tremendous loss to the enemy.
The last attempt they made was the most gigantic and determined of all; and its successful resistance by the English garrison forms one of the most heroic incidents in the annals of modem warfare. It occurred during the struggle which severed from England her North American colonies. France recognized the United States as an independent power in 1778, and a war with England was the consequence. In the following year Spain joined France, and Gibraltar was immediately blockaded.
The siege which followed lasted three years. Every appliance which experience could suggest, or skill could devise, was brought into requisition. Never before had such tremendous armaments, by sea and by land, been brought against any fortress. Yet the garrison held out bravely; and twice their friends outside—once by Admiral Darby, and once by Rodney—succeeded in sending them reinforcements and supplies.
Early in 1781, there was a terrific bombardment of the place; but so effectual was the shelter afforded by the casemates, or bomb-proof vaults, that the garrison lost only seventy men. In November of the same year, General Elliot, who conducted the defence, headed a midnight sortie, which annihilated the entire line of the enemy’s works. Their floating batteries were at the same time destroyed with red-hot balls. That one night cost the Spaniards two millions sterling!
But the final effort was made in 1782, when the Duke de Crillon, flushed with his success in capturing Minorca, took the command of the besiegers. He had under him upwards of 30,000 of the best troops of France and Spain, and his heavy guns amounted to the then unprecedented number of one hundred and seventy. The combined fleets numbered forty-seven sail of the line, with ten great floating batteries—the contrivance of a French engineer, and deemed invincible,—and frigates, gun-boats, mortar-boats and small craft without number. The besieged numbered only 7000 men with eighty guns.
The siege attracted the interest of the whole civilized world. Two French princes joined the besiegers’ camp, to witness the fall of the place. “Is it taken?” was the first question asked each morning by the King of Spain. “Not yet; but it will be soon,” said his courtiers: and still Elliot’s guns thundered defiance from the Rock.
At length, on the morning of the 13th of September, the grand and decisive attack commenced. The ten battering-ships bore down in admirable order to their several stations. The Admiral, in a two-decker, moored about nine hundred yards off the King’s Bastion. The other vessels took their places in a masterly manner, the most distant being eleven hundred or twelve hundred yards from the garrison. Under shelter of the walls, furnaces for heating shot had been lighted; and, from the instant the ships dropped into position, a continuous fire of red-hot balls was directed upon them by the garrison.
In little more than ten minutes, continues Drinkwater, the enemy were completely moored, and their cannonade then became tremendous. The showers of shot and shell which were directed from their land-batteries and battering-ships, on the one band, and, on the other, the incessant fire from the various works of the garrison, exhibited a scene of which neither the pen nor the pencil can furnish a competent idea. It is sufficient to say that upwards of four hundred pieces of the heaviest artillery were playing at the same moment—a power of ordnance which up till that time had scarcely been employed in any siege since the invention of those wonderful engines of destruction.
After some hours’ cannonade, the battering-ships were found to be no less formidable than they had been represented. Our heaviest shells often rebounded from their tops, whilst the thirty-two pound shot seemed incapable of making any visible impression upon their hulls. Frequently we flattered ourselves that they were on fire; but no sooner did any smoke appear, than, with the most persevering intrepidity, men were observed applying water from their engines within, to those places whence the smoke issued.
Though vexatiously annoyed from the isthmus, our artillery directed their sole attention to the battering-ships, the furious and spirited opposition of which served to excite our people to more animated exertions. A fire more tremendous, if possible, than ever, was therefore directed upon them from the garrison. Incessant showers of hot balls, carcasses, and shells of every species, flew from all quarters; yet, for some hours, the attack and defence were so equally maintained as scarcely to indicate any appearance of superiority on either side. The wonderful construction of the ships seemed to bid defiance to the powers of the heaviest ordnance.
In the afternoon, however, the face of things began to change considerably. The smoke which had been observed to issue from the upper part of the flag-ship appeared to prevail, notwithstanding the constant application of water; and the Admiral’s second was perceived to be in the same condition.
As night came on, the flames fairly gained the ascendant. The confusion which reigned on board of these vessels soon communicated itself to the whole line. The fire of the battering-ships gradually slackened: that of the garrison, on the contrary, seemed to become more animated and tremendous.
……
前言/序言
《英国语文》原名《皇家读本》(The Royal Readers),是20世纪前后由英国著名的教材出版公司托马斯-尼尔森公司编写出版的一套小学语文教材。这套教材共分为六册,分别对应西方英语国家小学一至六年级的语文教学。这套书出版后,在西方英语国家的学校被广泛使用。根据这套书原编者的初衷,是为了引导孩子们对他们所阅读的作品产生真正的兴趣,并通过阅读提升他们的能力,最终将阅读所获得的能力运用到生活实践中去。可以说,这是一套以兴趣为引导、学以致用的教材。
这套书的编写体例非常严谨,一至四册教材的每篇文章后面基本都有课后提问、拼读训练、书写练习等内容,从第五册开始,又增加了单词解释,使学生通过阅读增加词汇量,进一步巩固和加深对文章的印象。
在选文内容上,这套书由浅入深,每一册对应不同年龄段的读者,选文也从简单的儿歌、短文、常用句型开始,逐渐提升为篇幅稍长的作品,再进阶到中长篇的经典著作。从难易程度来看,这套书前三册内容简单浅显,文字朴素简洁,比较适合国内中低年级小学生阅读;后三部分的内容相对繁复深奥,开始有侧重性,有的笔法精妙、描写细腻,有的文风犀利、寓意深刻,比较适合高年级小学生和中学生阅读。总之,这套书的选文内容丰富,从其所选文章涉及的体裁来看,包括了故事、童话、传记、诗歌等;题材涉及旅游、历险、历史、自然、科学等。这些选文体现了英国丰富的历史文化知识和西方国家的道德价值观念,让小读者们在提高文学修养的同时,也可以开阔自己的视野。
这套书的最大特色在于它所包含的内容非常贴近生活,能让小读者们觉得书中讲述的事情就发生在他们身边。而且,这套书所选的文章除了颂扬真、善、美之外,并没有回避生活中的艰难与困苦,突出了困境之下个人的坚守与成长。这样的文章往往更容易引起心灵的共鸣,也将对小读者们的人生观起到正面积极的作用。
我们衷心希望通过这套书的出版,让中国的读者朋友学习地道标准的英语,打开通往世界的心灵之窗;同时还能获得文学知识、个人修养、伦理道德等多方面的提升。
如果您在阅读中发现有疑问或错误之处,请不吝指正,以便我们更加完善这套书的编写。
启迪心灵的文学之旅:精选名著导读与赏析 本书特色: 本书汇集了世界文学史上最具影响力的经典作品,旨在为读者搭建一座通往文学殿堂的阶梯。我们精选了不同时代、不同风格的文学瑰宝,并提供深入浅出的解读与鉴赏视角,力求让晦涩的文学概念变得生动易懂,让古老的文本焕发新的生命力。 导读原则与结构: 我们的导读遵循“宏观把握,微观透视”的原则。首先,我们会对每部作品进行背景介绍,包括作者生平、创作年代的社会思潮以及作品产生的历史语境,帮助读者建立起阅读的坐标系。其次,我们会剖析作品的主题思想、结构布局和叙事技巧,引导读者理解作家如何通过文字来表达对人类命运、社会现象或个体情感的深刻思考。最后,我们提供多角度的赏析,包括语言风格的独特之处、人物形象的复杂性以及作品在文学史上的地位和影响。 精选篇目速览(部分): 第一部分:西方古典与中世纪文学的奠基之作 1. 荷马史诗:《伊利亚特》与《奥德赛》 主题聚焦: 荣誉、命运与人性的冲突。我们将探讨“阿喀琉斯之怒”的复杂性,以及奥德修斯在返乡途中所面对的智慧与诱惑的考验。 文化价值: 分析古希腊英雄主义精神的塑造,以及史诗体叙事对后世西方文学的深远影响。着重解析荷马的叙事节奏和“客观化”的描写手法。 2. 索福克勒斯悲剧:《俄狄浦斯王》 悲剧核心: 探讨宿命论与自由意志的哲学命题。深入剖析俄狄浦斯从至高无上的统治者到流浪者的戏剧性转变,以及“认识自己”的沉重代价。 舞台艺术: 分析古希腊悲剧的结构要素,如合唱队的作用、三一律的运用及其对戏剧张力的营造。 3. 但丁·阿利吉耶里:《神曲》(选段) 象征体系: 带领读者穿越地狱、炼狱与天堂的象征性空间。解读但丁所构建的严密的中世纪宇宙观,以及其中蕴含的道德伦理体系。 语言革新: 探讨但丁如何将俗语提升至文学的高度,及其对意大利语标准化的贡献。 第二部分:文艺复兴与启蒙运动的光辉 4. 威廉·莎士比亚戏剧选粹: 《哈姆雷特》: “生存还是毁灭,这是一个问题。”——重点解析哈姆雷特的延宕、内心独白的作用,以及复仇主题下的存在主义思考。 《麦克白》: 权力的腐蚀性与良知的觉醒。分析莎翁对超自然元素的运用(如女巫),以及对野心与罪恶心理的深刻描摹。 5. 米格尔·德·塞万提斯:《堂吉诃德》(节选) 现实与理想的交织: 剖析堂吉诃德的“骑士精神”在世俗社会中的滑稽与悲壮。探讨小说中现实主义与浪漫主义的辩证统一。 讽刺艺术: 分析塞万提斯如何通过幽默、反讽的手法,对骑士文学传统进行解构与批判。 6. 莫里哀的喜剧:《伪君子》(节选) 社会批判: 聚焦宗教伪善者“达尔丢夫”的形象,解析莫里哀对17世纪法国上流社会虚伪道德的辛辣讽刺。 喜剧技巧: 分析夸张、误会和语言的错位在塑造喜剧效果中的作用。 第三部分:浪漫主义与现实主义的交锋 7. 歌德:《浮士德》(节选) 永恒的探索者: 解析浮士德与魔鬼梅菲斯特的契约,探讨人类对知识、体验和超越自我的无尽渴求。 德意志精神: 阐释作品中蕴含的哲学思辨,及其作为德语文学巅峰的地位。 8. 简·奥斯汀:《傲慢与偏见》(主题分析) 风俗画卷: 考察19世纪英国乡绅阶层的婚姻、财产与社会地位。 人物塑造: 深入对比伊丽莎白·班内特和达西先生的性格发展弧线,分析“傲慢”与“偏见”如何成为阻碍真爱的障碍,最终如何通过自我认知得以化解。 9. 列夫·托尔斯泰:《安娜·卡列尼娜》(社会与情感分析) 家庭与社会规范的冲突: 探讨安娜悲剧背后的道德审判与个体情感的追求。 多线叙事: 分析托翁如何巧妙地穿插列文的田园哲学与安娜的都市悲剧,构建宏大的社会图景。 第四部分:现代主义的探索与回响 10. 詹姆斯·乔伊斯:《都柏林人》(短篇小说赏析) “停滞”的主题: 探讨“意象主义”(Epiphany)在展现都柏林市民精神困境中的应用。 叙事创新: 分析乔伊斯如何使用意识流的先声,捕捉瞬间的心理活动和潜意识的流动。 11. T.S.艾略特:《荒原》(诗歌结构解析) 破碎的现代世界: 深入解读这首现代主义的里程碑式作品,分析其引用、碎片化的结构以及对西方文明衰落的挽歌。 意象与象征: 识别并解释诗歌中关键的象征物(如水、石头、废墟)所代表的意义。 本书的教育价值: 本书不仅仅是文学作品的简单罗列,更是一份精心设计的阅读指南。通过对这些跨越世纪的伟大作品的研习,读者将不仅提升对文学形式和技巧的鉴赏能力,更重要的是,能够接触到人类共通的情感、永恒的伦理困境以及不同文化背景下的思维模式。它致力于培养读者批判性思维,理解文学如何反映并塑造历史,从而拓宽视野,深化对自身与世界关系的理解。无论是文学专业的学生,还是渴望提高人文素养的普通读者,都能从中获得宝贵的启示与滋养。