具体描述
基本信息
书名：新农村防灾减灾丛书 农作物抗灾减灾知识手册
定价：9.80元
作者：王杰秀
出版社：石油工业出版社
出版日期：2008-11-01
ISBN：9787502168414
字数：
页码：
版次：1
装帧：平装
开本：大32开
商品重量：0.4kg
编辑推荐
没有哪一次巨大的历史灾难，不是以历史的进步为补偿的。
一个聪明的民族，从灾难和错误中学到的东西比平时多得多。
——恩格斯
内容提要
“农家书屋”工程是由统一规划、组织实施的农村文化建设的基础性工程，也是满足广大农民群众基本文化需求、保障广大农民群众基本文化权益的一项民生工程。
2008年是“农家书屋”工程全面建设的年。从2006年提出试点，2007年开始实施，至2015年，这项工程将覆盖全国每一个行政村。中央财政将投入补助资金6亿元用以推动“农家书屋”工程建设。其中，对中部地区的河北、山西、吉林、黑龙江、安徽、江西、河南、湖北、湖南、海南等十省，中央财政将按照每个农家书屋投入2万元的建设标准，补助50％的建设资金，即每个农家书屋补助1万元；对西部地区的内蒙古、广西、重庆、四川、贵州、云南、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆、西藏等十二省（区、市），中央财政将按照每个农家书屋投入2万元的建设标准，补助80％的建设资金，即每个农家书屋补助1.6万元。“农家书屋”工程在解决广大农村地区“买书难、借书难、看书难”问题的同时，也将让农民群众分享到改革开放带来的物质文明成果和社会主义文化发展成果。
目录
作者介绍
王杰秀，勇，1963年出生，中国人民大学硕士研究生毕业。现任民政部国家减灾中心副主任。历任《乡镇论坛》杂志主编、中国社会出版社副总编辑、中国社会新闻出版总社副总编辑。
文摘
序言
《 rural resilience: safeguarding crops against disaster 》 In an era where climate change presents increasingly unpredictable challenges, the stability of agricultural production has become a paramount concern for global food security. Among the most vulnerable sectors, crop cultivation faces a constant barrage of natural disasters, from torrential floods and devastating droughts to fierce storms and insidious pest outbreaks. The economic repercussions of these events are profound, impacting not only the livelihoods of individual farmers but also the broader rural economy and national food reserves. Addressing this critical need, “Rural Resilience: Safeguarding Crops Against Disaster” offers a comprehensive and practical guide to enhancing agricultural resilience and mitigating the impact of natural calamities on crop yields. This book delves deep into the multifaceted aspects of agricultural disaster preparedness and response, moving beyond theoretical discussions to provide actionable strategies that can be implemented at the farm level. It acknowledges that while natural disasters cannot be entirely prevented, their destructive potential can be significantly managed through informed practices, strategic planning, and the adoption of resilient farming techniques. The aim is to empower farmers with the knowledge and tools necessary to not only survive adverse events but also to recover quickly and adapt for future challenges. The foundational element of resilience lies in understanding the inherent vulnerabilities of different crop types and the specific risks associated with various geographical regions. “Rural Resilience” dedicates substantial sections to analyzing common agricultural hazards and their impact on diverse crops. This includes detailed examinations of how excessive rainfall can lead to waterlogging, nutrient leaching, and the proliferation of fungal diseases, while drought conditions can cause stunted growth, wilting, and severe yield reduction. The book also addresses the destructive force of high winds and hail, which can physically damage crops, and the insidious spread of pests and diseases, often exacerbated by changing climatic patterns. A core tenet of the book is the importance of proactive measures. It meticulously outlines a range of preventative strategies that farmers can adopt long before disaster strikes. This begins with the fundamental practice of soil health management. Healthy soil, rich in organic matter, possesses superior water retention capabilities, making it more resistant to both drought and waterlogging. The book elaborates on techniques such as cover cropping, crop rotation, and the judicious use of organic fertilizers to build and maintain robust soil structure and fertility. These practices not only enhance soil resilience but also reduce the reliance on synthetic inputs, contributing to a more sustainable agricultural system. Furthermore, the book emphasizes the critical role of appropriate crop selection and diversification. It guides readers through the process of choosing crop varieties that are inherently more tolerant to local climatic conditions and potential disaster scenarios. This might include selecting drought-resistant strains for arid regions, water-tolerant varieties for flood-prone areas, or crops with shorter growing seasons to escape extreme weather events. Diversification is presented not just as a risk management tool but also as a means to maintain income streams and nutritional diversity. By cultivating a variety of crops, farmers can minimize the risk of total crop failure and create a more stable economic base. Water management is another cornerstone of agricultural resilience, and “Rural Resilience” provides in-depth coverage of this vital area. It explores both efficient irrigation techniques for water-scarce environments and effective drainage systems for areas prone to excessive rainfall. The book discusses the advantages of micro-irrigation systems like drip and sprinkler irrigation, which deliver water directly to the plant roots, minimizing evaporation and water wastage. Conversely, it details the design and implementation of drainage ditches, subsurface drainage, and contour farming to prevent water accumulation and soil erosion in waterlogged areas. The principles of rainwater harvesting and the creation of on-farm water storage solutions are also thoroughly examined, offering practical ways to conserve water for periods of scarcity. The book also addresses the impact of extreme weather events such as storms, floods, and heatwaves. It offers practical advice on how to protect crops from wind damage, including the strategic planting of windbreaks and the use of physical supports for taller crops. For flood-prone regions, the book discusses the importance of selecting planting locations on higher ground and the construction of protective barriers. In the face of heatwaves, it explores techniques like mulching to conserve soil moisture and reduce soil temperature, as well as the use of shade nets for sensitive crops. Pest and disease management is presented through an integrated pest management (IPM) lens, emphasizing sustainable and environmentally sound approaches. The book advocates for a combination of biological, cultural, and chemical control methods, prioritizing non-chemical interventions whenever possible. It details the identification of common agricultural pests and diseases, the importance of early detection through regular monitoring, and the use of resistant varieties and natural predators. The role of good agricultural practices in preventing the spread of diseases, such as proper sanitation and the removal of infected plant material, is also highlighted. Beyond the direct cultivation practices, “Rural Resilience” underscores the importance of infrastructure and early warning systems. It discusses the need for sturdy farm buildings, secure storage facilities for harvested crops, and robust fencing to protect against livestock and wildlife damage, which can be exacerbated during times of disaster. The book also highlights the critical role of timely and accurate weather forecasts and disaster alerts. It encourages farmers to actively engage with meteorological services and disaster management agencies to receive early warnings and to develop contingency plans based on this information. The economic and social dimensions of disaster resilience are not overlooked. The book explores strategies for financial preparedness, including the importance of crop insurance and the establishment of emergency savings. It also discusses the benefits of community-based disaster response initiatives, where farmers can pool resources and knowledge to support each other during and after an event. The role of government policies and support systems in bolstering agricultural resilience is also acknowledged, encouraging farmers to stay informed about available assistance programs. Finally, “Rural Resilience” concludes with a forward-looking perspective, emphasizing the continuous nature of learning and adaptation. It encourages farmers to document their experiences, learn from both successes and failures, and to remain open to adopting new technologies and techniques as they become available. The book is designed to be a practical companion, offering clear explanations, illustrative examples, and actionable advice that empowers farmers to build more robust and sustainable agricultural systems capable of withstanding the challenges of a changing world. It is a testament to the enduring spirit of agriculture and the vital importance of protecting the sources of our food supply.
