内容简介
     公元前,在莱茵河与易北河生活着20多个部落,称为日尔曼人。罗马帝国经过多年征战,于公元前58年将疆域拓展到莱茵河。当时的日耳曼人,在赫曼(Hermann)的领导下团结一致,于条顿堡森林(Teutoburg Forest)大败罗马军队,历史遂以条顿(Teuton)称呼这个民族。
  公元2-3世纪,日尔曼部族从散居状态逐渐形成了撤克逊、法兰克、巴伐利亚、图林根、黑森等较稳定的部落。3世纪时,查理曼(Charlemagne)帝国几乎统一了日耳曼诸族。
  814年查理大帝去世,形成了东西两个王国,其分界线大致与德语和法语之间的语言界限相当。讲法语的西法兰克王国后来演变成今天的法国,而讲德语的东法兰克王国的居民开始用德意志来称呼自己的语言和民族。
  919年,撒克逊公爵亨利一世即位,正式创立德意志早期封建国家,这是严格意义上的德国历史的开始。这时的王国大致包括今日的荷兰、德国、瑞士、奥地利。14世纪中期,德国出现封建割据,分裂成几百个邦国。
  15、16世纪,意大利掀起文艺复兴运动,其在德国的影响就是1517年由马丁·路德领导的宗教改革,这场宗教改革使德国分裂了天主教。新旧教派之间的矛盾冲突引发了1618-1648年的战争,德意志复又处于四分五裂的状态。
  侣世纪初,在腓特烈大帝(Friedrich the Great)的统治下,日耳曼诸邦中的普鲁士王国(Prussia)兴起。1870年,普法战争爆发,普鲁士战胜法国。侣71年,普鲁士国王威廉一世在凡尔赛宫接受加冕,成为德意志皇帝。从此,德国作为一个统一的近代民族国家在欧洲崛起。
  《不可不知的德国历史故事(英汉对照)》共讲述了25个故事,内容跨越了罗马帝国时期一直到1 9世纪末德意志帝国统一的历史阶段,故事涉及到德国历史上的最重大事件和最重要人物。
  这些篇章虽属于历史故事,读之却像《三国演义》,人物栩栩如生,描写生动形象,情节曲折引人入胜,令人读之不忍释卷。故事的主人公除了毫无人性的暴君以及阴险诡诈的小人,许多至今仍值得人们怀念与敬仰。他们之中有的犹如诸葛亮般足智多谋,以少胜多,以弱胜强;有的犹如秦皇汉武壮志凌云,雄视天下;有的坚忍不拔百折不挠,为了信仰舍生取义;有的为了国家独立,大义凛然,前仆后继,视死如归。
  这些故事大致按照德国历史的时间顺序记述,每-个故事都是一个历史片断。把这些故事串成一条线,虽然还不能构成完整的德国历史,但管窥蠡测可见这一千年间德国人文、风俗、宗教信仰以及政治、经济、军事等的变迁与发展的轨迹。     
内页插图
          目录
   德国英雄赫尔曼
阿尔伯因和约瑟蒙德
格雷蒙德的事业
维特金德,撤克逊爱国者
哈托主教的人生之旅
莱茵河的鼠塔
恩斯特公爵的不幸经历
奥托二世之治一
亨利四世
弗雷德里克·巴巴罗萨大帝与米兰
弗雷德里克二世的十字军
威廉·泰尔与瑞士爱国者
黑死病和鞭身者
一个疯狂的皇帝
盲武士杰士卡
路德与特赦
农夫与再洗礼派教徒
华伦斯坦的命运
两个伟大战士的结局
青年时代的弗雷德里克大帝
伏尔泰与弗雷德里克大帝
七年战争的壮丽场面
蒂罗尔的爱国者
新旧帝国      
精彩书摘
     hastily made camp. But it was impossible for them to remain there. Their provisions were lost or exhausted, thousands of enemies sur- rounded them, and their only hope lay in immediate and rapid flight.
  Sun rise came. The soldiers had recovered somewhat from the fa- tigue of the day before. Setting fire to what baggage remained in their hands, they began a retreat fighting as they went, for the pitiless ene- my disputed every step. The first part of their route lay through an open plain, where they marched in orderly ranks. But there were mountains still to pass, and they quickly found themselves in a wood- ed and pathless valley, in whose rugged depths defense was almost impossible. Here they fell in thousands before the weapons of their enemies. It was but a small body of survivors that at length escaped from that deadly pass and threw up camp for the night in a more open spot.
  With the dawn of the next day they resumed their progress, and were at no great distance from their stronghold of Aliso when they found their progress arrested by fresh tribes, who attacked them with great violence. On they struggled, fighting, dying, marking every step of the route with their dead. Varus, now reduced to despair, and see- ing only slaughter or captivity before him, threw himself on his sword, and died in the midst of those whom his blind confidence had led to destruction.
  No more terrible disaster had ever struck the Roman army. Many prisoners had been taken, among them certain judges and lawyers, who were the chief objects of Hermanns hate, and whom he devoted to a painful death. He then offered sacrifices to the gods, to whom he gave the captured goods, the dead, and the leading prisoners, numbers of them being killed on the altars of his gods. These religious cere- monies completed,prisoners who still remained were distributed a- mong the tribes as slaves. The effort of Varus to force Roman customs and laws upon the Germans had led to a fearful retribution.
  When the news of this dreadful event reached Rome, that city was filled with grief and fear. The heart of Augustus, now an old man, was stricken with dismay at the slaughter of the best soldiers of the empire. With neglected dress and person he wandered about the rooms and halls of the palace, his piteous appeal,  "Varus, give me back my soldiers!"  showing how deeply the disaster had pierced his soul.
  Meanwhile, the Germans, satisfied, as it seemed, with expelling the Romans from their country, destroyed their forts and military roads, and settled back into peace.
  For six years peace continued. Augustus died, and Tiberius be- came emperor of Rome. Then, in the year 14 A.D., an effort was made to retake Germany, an army commanded by the son of Drusus, known to history under the name of Germanicus, attacking the Marsi, when intoxicated and unarmed after a religious feast. Great numbers of the defenseless tribesmen were killed, but the other tribes sprung to arms and drove the invader back across the Rhine.
  In the next year Hermann was again brought into the conflict. Segestus had robbed him of his wife, the beautiful patriot Thusnelda, who up until then had been his right hand in council in his plans a- gainst the Roman enemy. Hermann besieged Segestus to regain pos- session of his wife, and pressed the traitor so closely that he sent his son Sigismund to Germanicus, who was again on the German side of the Rhine, imploring aid. The Roman leader took instant advantage of this promising opportunity. He advanced and forced Hermann to raise the siege, and himself took possession of Thusnelda, who was destined soon afterwards to be made the leading feature in a Roman parade. Segestus was rewarded for his treason, and was given lands in Gaul, his life being not safe among the people he had betrayed. As for the daughter whom he had yielded to Roman hands, her fate troubled little his base soul.
  Thusnelda is still a popular character in German legend, there being various stories concerning her. One of these relates that, when she lay concealed in the old fort of Schellenpyrmont, she was warned by the cries of a faithful bird of the coming of the Romans, who were seeking quietly to approach her hiding place.
  The loss of his beloved wife roused Hermanns heroic spirit, and spread anger among the Germans, who highly esteemed the noble- hearted woman. They rose hastily in arms, and Hermann was soon at the head of a large army, prepared to defend his country against the attacking hosts of the Romans. But as the latter proved too strong to face in the open field, the Germans retreated with their families and property, the country left by them being laid waste by the advancing armies.
  Germanicus soon reached the scene of the late slaughter, and caused the bones of the soldiers of Varus to be buried. But in doing this he was obliged to enter the mountain passes in which the former army had met its fate. Hermann and his men watched the Romans in- tently from forest and hilltop. When they had fairly entered the narrow valleys, the adroit chief appeared before them at the head of a small troop, which retreated as if in fear, drawing them onward until the whole army had entered the pass.
  Then the fatal signal was given, and the revengeful Gernmas fell upon the armies of Germanicus as they had done upon those of Varus, cutting them down in great numbers.      
前言/序言
       
				 
				
				
					《世界历史漫谈:从古代文明到现代格局》  本书特色:   宏大叙事与微观剖析相结合: 本书不满足于简单的年代罗列,而是致力于构建一个清晰、有逻辑的世界历史脉络。从文明的曙光到全球化的浪潮,我们深入探讨了塑造人类社会的核心事件、关键人物和思想变革。  跨文化视角: 历史从来不是孤立的。本书着重展现了不同文明(如古埃及、美索不达米亚、印度河流域、中华文明、古希腊罗马)之间的互动、冲突与融合。通过对比分析,读者能更深刻理解全球历史的复杂性。  深度主题探讨: 除了政治和军事史,本书对社会结构、经济模式、科技进步、宗教信仰和哲学思潮的演变给予了同等的关注。探讨了“什么是进步”、“文明的衰落与复兴”等宏大命题。  生动的叙事风格: 采用引人入胜的叙事手法,将冰冷的历史数据转化为鲜活的故事场景。力求让读者在阅读过程中,如同亲身经历历史的转折点。  地图与图表辅助: 配备大量精细绘制的历史地图和时间轴图表,直观展示疆域变迁、贸易路线和历史事件的关联性,极大地方便了对复杂历史信息的理解和记忆。  内容梗概:  第一部分:文明的摇篮与早期帝国(约10000 B.C. – 500 A.D.)  本部分追溯人类社会从狩猎采集到定居农业的飞跃,重点考察了最早的四大文明的独特发展路径。   美索不达米亚与两河文明的兴衰: 探讨苏美尔人的城邦制度、汉谟拉比法典的法律意义,以及亚述帝国的高度军事化管理模式。解析了楔形文字对信息记录的革命性贡献。  尼罗河畔的永恒之谜: 聚焦古埃及法老的权力结构、宗教信仰(如来世观念)如何支撑其三千年的稳定,以及金字塔和神庙建筑所体现的工程与艺术成就。  印度河流域的城市规划: 考察哈拉帕和摩亨佐-达罗的先进的城市排水系统与社会组织,并探讨其神秘的衰落原因。  东方的曙光——早期中华文明: 从夏商周的礼乐制度、青铜冶炼技术,到春秋战国时期的“百家争鸣”思想爆发,勾勒出中国早期政治哲学和文化基因的形成过程。  古典世界的巅峰——希腊与罗马: 细致分析雅典民主制的运作机制、苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德的哲学遗产如何奠定西方思维的基石。随后深入罗马共和国向帝国的过渡,考察其庞大的法律体系、军事扩张以及公共工程(如道路与渡槽)的持久影响。  第二部分:中世纪的转型与多元世界的形成(约500 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)  本部分关注古典帝国解体后,世界各地不同的发展轨迹及其相互影响。   欧洲的“黑暗时代”与封建制度的建立: 探讨西罗马帝国崩溃后,基督教在欧洲社会结构重塑中的核心作用,以及庄园制度、骑士精神的形成背景。  拜占庭帝国的延续与东正教的影响: 分析君士坦丁堡作为连接东西方的桥梁,如何在千年间保持了古典文明的火种,并对斯拉夫世界产生了深远影响。  伊斯兰世界的黄金时代: 重点介绍阿拉伯帝国在扩张中对科学、数学(代数、零的概念)、医学和哲学的重大贡献,以及其在丝绸之路贸易中的枢纽地位。  欧亚大陆的连接与碰撞: 详述蒙古帝国的兴起及其对欧亚大陆政治地理的重塑,探讨其带来的信息、技术和疾病(如黑死病)的全球性传播。  宋元时期的技术与商业革命: 考察中国在火药、印刷术、指南针等领域的突破,及其成熟的商业运作模式对同期世界经济的推动作用。  第三部分:全球化、革命与工业的时代(约1500 A.D. – 1914 A.D.)  这一阶段是世界史的加速期,以地理大发现、思想解放和生产力的爆炸式增长为标志。   文艺复兴与宗教改革: 解析人文主义思想如何挑战神权,以及马丁·路德的改革如何彻底分裂了欧洲的宗教统一,并催生了新的政治观念。  地理大发现与世界体系的开端: 探讨新航路开辟对美洲、非洲和亚洲带来的灾难性后果和结构性重组(如哥伦布大交换),以及早期资本主义的萌芽。  启蒙运动与政治革命的浪潮: 深入分析洛克、孟德斯鸠、卢梭等思想家的理论如何直接导致了美国独立战争和法国大革命,并确立了主权在民、人权保障等现代政治原则。  工业革命的社会经济影响: 细致描绘蒸汽机的发明、工厂制度的建立如何彻底改变了人类的生产关系和生活方式,并分析其对阶级结构、城市化进程和环境的长期影响。  帝国主义的高峰与全球竞争: 分析19世纪末列强对非洲和亚洲的瓜分,探讨民族主义的兴起如何成为推动国家竞争和冲突的强大动力。  第四部分:现代世界的冲突与重塑(1914 A.D.至今)  本部分聚焦于20世纪的极端事件、意识形态的对决以及全球治理体系的建立与演变。   两次世界大战的根源与后果: 全面剖析一战的复杂成因,协约国与同盟国的较量,以及凡尔赛体系遗留的结构性问题。紧接着,探讨二战的爆发、纳粹主义和法西斯主义的极端意识形态,以及原子时代的开启。  冷战格局与两大阵营的对抗: 分析雅尔塔体系的形成、意识形态的尖锐对立(资本主义与共产主义),及其在朝鲜、古巴、越南等地的代理人战争。同时,考察了非殖民化运动的浪潮对全球政治版图的根本性改变。  科技的飞跃与文化变迁: 探讨信息技术革命、太空探索(登月计划)对人类认知边界的拓展,以及大众文化的兴起对传统社会价值观的冲击。  全球化与新挑战: 考察冷战结束后世界格局的单极化与多极化趋势的拉扯,分析当代世界面临的跨国性问题,如气候变化、金融危机、恐怖主义以及全球治理的困境与未来方向。  总结与展望:  本书旨在提供一个全面、深入且富有洞察力的世界历史框架,帮助读者理解“我们如何走到今天”。通过对历史规律、模式和关键转折点的梳理,本书鼓励读者以更宏大的视角审视当前的世界局势,并在历史的借鉴中思考人类文明的未来走向。