內容簡介
     公元前,在萊茵河與易北河生活著20多個部落,稱為日爾曼人。羅馬帝國經過多年徵戰,於公元前58年將疆域拓展到萊茵河。當時的日耳曼人,在赫曼(Hermann)的領導下團結一緻,於條頓堡森林(Teutoburg Forest)大敗羅馬軍隊,曆史遂以條頓(Teuton)稱呼這個民族。
  公元2-3世紀,日爾曼部族從散居狀態逐漸形成瞭撤剋遜、法蘭剋、巴伐利亞、圖林根、黑森等較穩定的部落。3世紀時,查理曼(Charlemagne)帝國幾乎統一瞭日耳曼諸族。
  814年查理大帝去世,形成瞭東西兩個王國,其分界綫大緻與德語和法語之間的語言界限相當。講法語的西法蘭剋王國後來演變成今天的法國,而講德語的東法蘭剋王國的居民開始用德意誌來稱呼自己的語言和民族。
  919年,撒剋遜公爵亨利一世即位,正式創立德意誌早期封建國傢,這是嚴格意義上的德國曆史的開始。這時的王國大緻包括今日的荷蘭、德國、瑞士、奧地利。14世紀中期,德國齣現封建割據,分裂成幾百個邦國。
  15、16世紀,意大利掀起文藝復興運動,其在德國的影響就是1517年由馬丁·路德領導的宗教改革,這場宗教改革使德國分裂瞭天主教。新舊教派之間的矛盾衝突引發瞭1618-1648年的戰爭,德意誌復又處於四分五裂的狀態。
  侶世紀初,在腓特烈大帝(Friedrich the Great)的統治下,日耳曼諸邦中的普魯士王國(Prussia)興起。1870年,普法戰爭爆發,普魯士戰勝法國。侶71年,普魯士國王威廉一世在凡爾賽宮接受加冕,成為德意誌皇帝。從此,德國作為一個統一的近代民族國傢在歐洲崛起。
  《不可不知的德國曆史故事(英漢對照)》共講述瞭25個故事,內容跨越瞭羅馬帝國時期一直到1 9世紀末德意誌帝國統一的曆史階段,故事涉及到德國曆史上的最重大事件和最重要人物。
  這些篇章雖屬於曆史故事,讀之卻像《三國演義》,人物栩栩如生,描寫生動形象,情節麯摺引人入勝,令人讀之不忍釋捲。故事的主人公除瞭毫無人性的暴君以及陰險詭詐的小人,許多至今仍值得人們懷念與敬仰。他們之中有的猶如諸葛亮般足智多謀,以少勝多,以弱勝強;有的猶如秦皇漢武壯誌淩雲,雄視天下;有的堅忍不拔百摺不撓,為瞭信仰捨生取義;有的為瞭國傢獨立,大義凜然,前僕後繼,視死如歸。
  這些故事大緻按照德國曆史的時間順序記述,每-個故事都是一個曆史片斷。把這些故事串成一條綫,雖然還不能構成完整的德國曆史,但管窺蠡測可見這一韆年間德國人文、風俗、宗教信仰以及政治、經濟、軍事等的變遷與發展的軌跡。     
內頁插圖
          目錄
   德國英雄赫爾曼
阿爾伯因和約瑟濛德
格雷濛德的事業
維特金德,撤剋遜愛國者
哈托主教的人生之旅
萊茵河的鼠塔
恩斯特公爵的不幸經曆
奧托二世之治一
亨利四世
弗雷德裏剋·巴巴羅薩大帝與米蘭
弗雷德裏剋二世的十字軍
威廉·泰爾與瑞士愛國者
黑死病和鞭身者
一個瘋狂的皇帝
盲武士傑士卡
路德與特赦
農夫與再洗禮派教徒
華倫斯坦的命運
兩個偉大戰士的結局
青年時代的弗雷德裏剋大帝
伏爾泰與弗雷德裏剋大帝
七年戰爭的壯麗場麵
蒂羅爾的愛國者
新舊帝國      
精彩書摘
     hastily made camp. But it was impossible for them to remain there. Their provisions were lost or exhausted, thousands of enemies sur- rounded them, and their only hope lay in immediate and rapid flight.
  Sun rise came. The soldiers had recovered somewhat from the fa- tigue of the day before. Setting fire to what baggage remained in their hands, they began a retreat fighting as they went, for the pitiless ene- my disputed every step. The first part of their route lay through an open plain, where they marched in orderly ranks. But there were mountains still to pass, and they quickly found themselves in a wood- ed and pathless valley, in whose rugged depths defense was almost impossible. Here they fell in thousands before the weapons of their enemies. It was but a small body of survivors that at length escaped from that deadly pass and threw up camp for the night in a more open spot.
  With the dawn of the next day they resumed their progress, and were at no great distance from their stronghold of Aliso when they found their progress arrested by fresh tribes, who attacked them with great violence. On they struggled, fighting, dying, marking every step of the route with their dead. Varus, now reduced to despair, and see- ing only slaughter or captivity before him, threw himself on his sword, and died in the midst of those whom his blind confidence had led to destruction.
  No more terrible disaster had ever struck the Roman army. Many prisoners had been taken, among them certain judges and lawyers, who were the chief objects of Hermanns hate, and whom he devoted to a painful death. He then offered sacrifices to the gods, to whom he gave the captured goods, the dead, and the leading prisoners, numbers of them being killed on the altars of his gods. These religious cere- monies completed,prisoners who still remained were distributed a- mong the tribes as slaves. The effort of Varus to force Roman customs and laws upon the Germans had led to a fearful retribution.
  When the news of this dreadful event reached Rome, that city was filled with grief and fear. The heart of Augustus, now an old man, was stricken with dismay at the slaughter of the best soldiers of the empire. With neglected dress and person he wandered about the rooms and halls of the palace, his piteous appeal,  "Varus, give me back my soldiers!"  showing how deeply the disaster had pierced his soul.
  Meanwhile, the Germans, satisfied, as it seemed, with expelling the Romans from their country, destroyed their forts and military roads, and settled back into peace.
  For six years peace continued. Augustus died, and Tiberius be- came emperor of Rome. Then, in the year 14 A.D., an effort was made to retake Germany, an army commanded by the son of Drusus, known to history under the name of Germanicus, attacking the Marsi, when intoxicated and unarmed after a religious feast. Great numbers of the defenseless tribesmen were killed, but the other tribes sprung to arms and drove the invader back across the Rhine.
  In the next year Hermann was again brought into the conflict. Segestus had robbed him of his wife, the beautiful patriot Thusnelda, who up until then had been his right hand in council in his plans a- gainst the Roman enemy. Hermann besieged Segestus to regain pos- session of his wife, and pressed the traitor so closely that he sent his son Sigismund to Germanicus, who was again on the German side of the Rhine, imploring aid. The Roman leader took instant advantage of this promising opportunity. He advanced and forced Hermann to raise the siege, and himself took possession of Thusnelda, who was destined soon afterwards to be made the leading feature in a Roman parade. Segestus was rewarded for his treason, and was given lands in Gaul, his life being not safe among the people he had betrayed. As for the daughter whom he had yielded to Roman hands, her fate troubled little his base soul.
  Thusnelda is still a popular character in German legend, there being various stories concerning her. One of these relates that, when she lay concealed in the old fort of Schellenpyrmont, she was warned by the cries of a faithful bird of the coming of the Romans, who were seeking quietly to approach her hiding place.
  The loss of his beloved wife roused Hermanns heroic spirit, and spread anger among the Germans, who highly esteemed the noble- hearted woman. They rose hastily in arms, and Hermann was soon at the head of a large army, prepared to defend his country against the attacking hosts of the Romans. But as the latter proved too strong to face in the open field, the Germans retreated with their families and property, the country left by them being laid waste by the advancing armies.
  Germanicus soon reached the scene of the late slaughter, and caused the bones of the soldiers of Varus to be buried. But in doing this he was obliged to enter the mountain passes in which the former army had met its fate. Hermann and his men watched the Romans in- tently from forest and hilltop. When they had fairly entered the narrow valleys, the adroit chief appeared before them at the head of a small troop, which retreated as if in fear, drawing them onward until the whole army had entered the pass.
  Then the fatal signal was given, and the revengeful Gernmas fell upon the armies of Germanicus as they had done upon those of Varus, cutting them down in great numbers.      
前言/序言
       
				 
				
				
					《世界曆史漫談:從古代文明到現代格局》  本書特色:   宏大敘事與微觀剖析相結閤: 本書不滿足於簡單的年代羅列,而是緻力於構建一個清晰、有邏輯的世界曆史脈絡。從文明的曙光到全球化的浪潮,我們深入探討瞭塑造人類社會的核心事件、關鍵人物和思想變革。  跨文化視角: 曆史從來不是孤立的。本書著重展現瞭不同文明(如古埃及、美索不達米亞、印度河流域、中華文明、古希臘羅馬)之間的互動、衝突與融閤。通過對比分析,讀者能更深刻理解全球曆史的復雜性。  深度主題探討: 除瞭政治和軍事史,本書對社會結構、經濟模式、科技進步、宗教信仰和哲學思潮的演變給予瞭同等的關注。探討瞭“什麼是進步”、“文明的衰落與復興”等宏大命題。  生動的敘事風格: 采用引人入勝的敘事手法,將冰冷的曆史數據轉化為鮮活的故事場景。力求讓讀者在閱讀過程中,如同親身經曆曆史的轉摺點。  地圖與圖錶輔助: 配備大量精細繪製的曆史地圖和時間軸圖錶,直觀展示疆域變遷、貿易路綫和曆史事件的關聯性,極大地方便瞭對復雜曆史信息的理解和記憶。  內容梗概:  第一部分:文明的搖籃與早期帝國(約10000 B.C. – 500 A.D.)  本部分追溯人類社會從狩獵采集到定居農業的飛躍,重點考察瞭最早的四大文明的獨特發展路徑。   美索不達米亞與兩河文明的興衰: 探討蘇美爾人的城邦製度、漢謨拉比法典的法律意義,以及亞述帝國的高度軍事化管理模式。解析瞭楔形文字對信息記錄的革命性貢獻。  尼羅河畔的永恒之謎: 聚焦古埃及法老的權力結構、宗教信仰(如來世觀念)如何支撐其三韆年的穩定,以及金字塔和神廟建築所體現的工程與藝術成就。  印度河流域的城市規劃: 考察哈拉帕和摩亨佐-達羅的先進的城市排水係統與社會組織,並探討其神秘的衰落原因。  東方的曙光——早期中華文明: 從夏商周的禮樂製度、青銅冶煉技術,到春鞦戰國時期的“百傢爭鳴”思想爆發,勾勒齣中國早期政治哲學和文化基因的形成過程。  古典世界的巔峰——希臘與羅馬: 細緻分析雅典民主製的運作機製、蘇格拉底、柏拉圖和亞裏士多德的哲學遺産如何奠定西方思維的基石。隨後深入羅馬共和國嚮帝國的過渡,考察其龐大的法律體係、軍事擴張以及公共工程(如道路與渡槽)的持久影響。  第二部分:中世紀的轉型與多元世界的形成(約500 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)  本部分關注古典帝國解體後,世界各地不同的發展軌跡及其相互影響。   歐洲的“黑暗時代”與封建製度的建立: 探討西羅馬帝國崩潰後,基督教在歐洲社會結構重塑中的核心作用,以及莊園製度、騎士精神的形成背景。  拜占庭帝國的延續與東正教的影響: 分析君士坦丁堡作為連接東西方的橋梁,如何在韆年間保持瞭古典文明的火種,並對斯拉夫世界産生瞭深遠影響。  伊斯蘭世界的黃金時代: 重點介紹阿拉伯帝國在擴張中對科學、數學(代數、零的概念)、醫學和哲學的重大貢獻,以及其在絲綢之路貿易中的樞紐地位。  歐亞大陸的連接與碰撞: 詳述濛古帝國的興起及其對歐亞大陸政治地理的重塑,探討其帶來的信息、技術和疾病(如黑死病)的全球性傳播。  宋元時期的技術與商業革命: 考察中國在火藥、印刷術、指南針等領域的突破,及其成熟的商業運作模式對同期世界經濟的推動作用。  第三部分:全球化、革命與工業的時代(約1500 A.D. – 1914 A.D.)  這一階段是世界史的加速期,以地理大發現、思想解放和生産力的爆炸式增長為標誌。   文藝復興與宗教改革: 解析人文主義思想如何挑戰神權,以及馬丁·路德的改革如何徹底分裂瞭歐洲的宗教統一,並催生瞭新的政治觀念。  地理大發現與世界體係的開端: 探討新航路開闢對美洲、非洲和亞洲帶來的災難性後果和結構性重組(如哥倫布大交換),以及早期資本主義的萌芽。  啓濛運動與政治革命的浪潮: 深入分析洛剋、孟德斯鳩、盧梭等思想傢的理論如何直接導緻瞭美國獨立戰爭和法國大革命,並確立瞭主權在民、人權保障等現代政治原則。  工業革命的社會經濟影響: 細緻描繪蒸汽機的發明、工廠製度的建立如何徹底改變瞭人類的生産關係和生活方式,並分析其對階級結構、城市化進程和環境的長期影響。  帝國主義的高峰與全球競爭: 分析19世紀末列強對非洲和亞洲的瓜分,探討民族主義的興起如何成為推動國傢競爭和衝突的強大動力。  第四部分:現代世界的衝突與重塑(1914 A.D.至今)  本部分聚焦於20世紀的極端事件、意識形態的對決以及全球治理體係的建立與演變。   兩次世界大戰的根源與後果: 全麵剖析一戰的復雜成因,協約國與同盟國的較量,以及凡爾賽體係遺留的結構性問題。緊接著,探討二戰的爆發、納粹主義和法西斯主義的極端意識形態,以及原子時代的開啓。  冷戰格局與兩大陣營的對抗: 分析雅爾塔體係的形成、意識形態的尖銳對立(資本主義與共産主義),及其在朝鮮、古巴、越南等地的代理人戰爭。同時,考察瞭非殖民化運動的浪潮對全球政治版圖的根本性改變。  科技的飛躍與文化變遷: 探討信息技術革命、太空探索(登月計劃)對人類認知邊界的拓展,以及大眾文化的興起對傳統社會價值觀的衝擊。  全球化與新挑戰: 考察冷戰結束後世界格局的單極化與多極化趨勢的拉扯,分析當代世界麵臨的跨國性問題,如氣候變化、金融危機、恐怖主義以及全球治理的睏境與未來方嚮。  總結與展望:  本書旨在提供一個全麵、深入且富有洞察力的世界曆史框架,幫助讀者理解“我們如何走到今天”。通過對曆史規律、模式和關鍵轉摺點的梳理,本書鼓勵讀者以更宏大的視角審視當前的世界局勢,並在曆史的藉鑒中思考人類文明的未來走嚮。