内容简介
The Cambridge Handbook of Physics Formulas is a quick-reference aid for students and pro-fessionals in the physical sciences and engineering. It contains more than 2 000 of the mostuseful formulas and equations found in undergraduate physics courses, covering mathematics,dynamics and mechanics, quantum physics, thermodynamics, solid state physics, electromag-netism, optics, and astrophysics. An exhaustive index allows the required formulas to belocated swiftly and simply, and the unique tabular format crisply identifies all the variablesinvolved.
内页插图
目录
Preface
How to use this book
1 Units constantsand conversions
1.1 Introduction
1.2 SI units
1.3 Physical constants
1.4 Converting between units
1.5 Dimensions
1.6 Miscellaneous
2 Mathematics
2.1 Notation
2.2 Vectors and matrices
2.3 Seriessummations,and progressions
2.4 Complex variables
2.5 Trigonometric and hyperbolic formulas
2.6 Mensuration
2.7 Differentiation
2.8 Integration
2.9 Special functions and polynomials
2.10 Roots of quadratic and cubic equations
2.11 Fourier series and transforms
2.12 Laplace transforms
2.13 Probability and statistics
2.14 Numerical methods
3 Dynamics and mechanics
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Frames of reference
3.3 Gravitation
3.4 Particle motion
3.5 Rigid body dynamics
3.6 Oscillating systems
3.7 Generalised dynamics
3.8 Elasticity80
3.9 Fluid dynamics
4 Quantum physics
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Quantum definitions
4.3 Wave mechanics
4.4 Hydrogenic atoms
4.5 Angular momentum
4.6 Perturbation theory
4.7 High energy and nuclear physics
5 Thermodynamics
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Classical thermodynamics
5.3 Gas laws
5.4 Kinetic theory
5.5 Statistical thermodynamics
5.6 Fluctuations and noise
5.7 Radiation processes
6 Solid state physics
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Periodic table
6.3 Crystalline structure
6.4 Lattice dynamics
6.5 Electrons in solids
7 Electromagnetism
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Static fields
7.3 Electromagnetic fields(general)
7.4 Fields associated with media
7.5 Forcetorque, and energy
7.6 LCR circuits
7.7 Transmission lines and waveguides
7.8 Waves in and out of media
7.9 Plasma physics
8 Optics
8.1 Introduction161 -8.2 Interference
8.3 Fraunhofer ditlraction,
8.4 Fresnel diffraction
8.5 Geometrical optics
8.6 Polarisation
8.7 Coherence (scalar theory)
8.8 Line radiation
9 Astrophysics
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Solar system data
9.3 Coordinate transformations (astronomical)
9.4 Observational astrophysics
9.5 Stellar evolution
9.6 Cosmology
Index
精彩书摘
In A Brief History of Time, Stephen Hawking relates that he was warned against includingequations in the book because each equation, would halve the sales. Despite this direprediction there is, for a scientific audience, some attraction in doing the exact opposite.
The reader should not be misled by this exercise. Although the equations and formulascontained here underpin a good deal of physical science they are useless unless the readerunderstands them. Learning physics is not about remembering equations, it is about appreci-ating the natural structures they express. Although its format should help make some topicsclearer, this book is not designed to teach new physics; there are many excellent textbooksto help with that. it is intended to be useful rather than pedagogically complete, so thatstudents can use it for revision and for structuring their knowledge once they understandthe physics. More advanced users will benefit from having a compact, internally consistent,source of equations that can quickly deliver the relationship they require in a format thatavoids the need to sift through pages of rubric.
前言/序言
The Cambridge Handbook of Physics Formulas is a quick-reference aid for students and pro-fessionals in the physical sciences and engineering. It contains more than 2 000 of the mostuseful formulas and equations found in undergraduate physics courses, covering mathematics,dynamics and mechanics, quantum physics, thermodynamics, solid state physics, electromag-netism, optics, and astrophysics. An exhaustive index allows the required formulas to belocated swiftly and simply, and the unique tabular format crisply identifies all the variablesinvolved.
The Cambridge Handbook of Physics Formulas comprehensively covers the major topicsexplored in undergraduate physics courses. It is designed to be a compact, portable, referencebook suitable for everyday work, problem solving, or exam revision. All students andprofessionals in physics, applied mathematics, engineering, and other physical sciences willwant to have this essential reference book within easy reach.
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u}$) 如何简洁地统一电场和磁场,以及洛伦兹变换对场方程的影响。 第二部分:热力学、统计力学与信息论基础 本部分旨在搭建连接微观粒子行为与宏观热力学现象的桥梁。它强调了统计力学的非平衡态处理方法。 统计系综的严格定义: 对微正则系综、正则系综和巨正则系综的建立前提、适用条件及配分函数(Partition Function)的物理意义进行了严格的数学论证。 量子统计的边界: 详细分析了费米-狄拉克和玻色-爱因斯坦统计在不同温度和密度条件下的渐近行为,特别是对简并现象(如白矮星内部的简并压力)的描述。 非平衡态动力学: 引入了玻尔兹曼输运方程的推导和半经典近似,探讨了涨落-耗散定理(Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem)在描述系统趋于平衡过程中的核心地位。 第三部分:量子力学与谱理论 本章聚焦于量子力学在薛定谔绘景和海森堡绘景下的数学形式,以及对微扰论和散射理论的系统性处理。 算符代数与表象理论: 详细阐述了狄拉克符号(Bra-Ket Notation)的完备性,并讨论了角动量代数的非对易性质及其在原子结构计算中的应用。 近似方法与谱分析: 对时间无关微扰论的收敛性、简并态的处理,以及随时间演化的系统中的半经典WKB近似进行了详尽的步骤分解和误差分析。 散射理论: 重点分析了远场近似、后向散射截面(Differential Cross-Section)的计算,并引入了朗道-齐纳理论在势垒穿透问题中的应用视角。 第四部分:前沿交叉领域与数学工具箱 本书的最后部分着眼于将基础理论应用于现代物理学的前沿课题,并辅以必要的数学支撑。 凝聚态物理的初步概念: 介绍了布洛赫定理在周期性势场中的应用,以及晶格振动(声子)的热力学处理。 广义相对论的基础框架: 简要概述了黎曼几何中的度规张量、黎曼曲率张量和爱因斯坦场方程的结构,侧重于其形式上的内在一致性而非详细解法。 数学物理方法精选: 提供了处理偏微分方程(如拉普拉斯方程、波动方程)所需的傅里叶变换、格林函数方法的详细运算步骤,以及特殊函数(如贝塞尔函数、勒让德多项式)的积分表示和渐近展开。 本书的独特价值: 《牛津物理基础与应用》的价值在于其对推理链条的完整性的坚持。它不满足于直接给出结果,而是力求展现从基本公理到复杂公式推导的每一步逻辑跃迁。对于希望在理论物理领域建立坚实基础的读者而言,本书提供了必要的深度和广度,是深入理解物理学深层结构不可或缺的参考资源。其严谨的论述风格和详尽的数学支撑,确保了读者在应用公式时,能够真正理解其适用边界和物理内涵。