上海法租界的警察(1910-1937年) pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2025

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☆☆☆☆☆

硃曉明 著

圖書標籤:

• 上海
• 法租界
• 警察
• 曆史
• 社會
• 近代史
• 治安
• 公共安全
• 租界
• 民國史
• 城市史

齣版社： 社會科學文獻齣版社

ISBN：9787520106337

版次：1

商品編碼：12211814

包裝：平裝

叢書名： 中國政治發展與比較政治

開本：16開

齣版時間：2017-05-01

字數：305000

正文語種：英文

內容簡介

上海法租界警察是法國駐滬領事直接領導下的警察機構，是維持法國在滬乃至在華利益的重要力量。它兼具政治鎮壓和社會管理的雙重功能，不僅對中國現代政治的發展産生瞭一定的影響，而且對塑造上海城市空間和都市文化發揮瞭不可缺少的重要作用。本書主要利用法國外交部檔案館、法國海外殖民檔案館、上海檔案館的檔案資料，並結閤法語、英語和中文的相關研究，對上海法租界警察的源起、組織機構、人事構成、社會管理和政治鎮壓的職能進行瞭全麵的分析和論述。

作者簡介

硃曉明，1981年生於山東淄博。現任教於中國人民大學國際關係學院政治學係。本碩畢業於華東師範大學曆史係，博士畢業於法國裏昂高等師範（Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon），師從安剋強（Christian Henriot）教授和許紀霖教授，主攻中國近現代史。

目錄

Acknowledgement
Abstract
Introduction
Chapter Ⅰ The origin of the police in the French Concession
1 The legal bases of the police in the French Concession
2 Special geography of jurisdictions in Shanghai
3 Urbanisation and new challenges for the police
4 The network of the French Colonial Empire

Chapter Ⅱ Organisation of the police
1 Control of the police by the French Consul
2 Militarisation and professionalisation of the police
3 Organisations and functions of the police in the 1930s
4 Police costs and revenue

Chapter Ⅲ The police force in the French Concession
1 A multinational police force
2 Standards of recruitment
3 Training and the courses to become a policeman
4 Salaries and welfare benefits
5 Job stability and career
6 A day in the life of a policeman in Shanghai

Chapter IV Police and politics： A history of the political section of the police
1 Organisation of the Political Section and its functions
2 The Guomindang and the Chinese communists in the French Concession
3 The Japanese factor
General Conclusion

精彩書摘

　　《上海法租界的警察（1910-1937年）》：
　　From this comparison of salaries of French， Russian， Chinese and Vietnamese policemen in the French Concession， it can be concluded that salaries were differentiated not only by official rank， but also by racial hierarchy—the French were the most favoured， followed by the Russians， then the Vietnamese， with the Chinese being the least favoured.This racial hierarchy was also applied to the structure of the police force as a whole—French police were the leaders and managers， seconded by the Russians， with the Vietnamese and Chinese forming the labourers and the 'working classes'.
　　4.1.3 A comparison between the salaries of policemen and employees of other municipal services in the French Concession
　　In 1897， as found in the archives， the first complaint regarding the unequal levels of salary between police and employees from other municipal services was raised.The Chief of Police complained that salaries of employees in the Bureau of Public Works （Service des Travaux） and in the Secretariat were much higher than those of policemen.This was largely due to the fact that salaries within municipal services had been increased several times， whereas police salaries had not been increased in 14 years.For example， in July 1887， a tax collector's monthly salary was 90 taels， while that of a lst class NCO （sous—officier de lere classe） was 65 taels.Ten years later， the tax collector's salary had increased to 170 taels per month， but the NCO still received just 65 taels every month.Following this， police salaries were increased by 10—50 taels over the next two years， thus going some way to alleviate the problem.
　　……

前言/序言

Acknowledgement

Firstly, and most importantly, I would like to thank my dissertation director: Mr. Christian Henriot, for guiding me through my research. His trust, patience and professional academic guidance has seen me through the last five years, whenever and wherever I needed his help. He pushed me ahead whenever I lost courage, when I was lost amongst the numerous archives and written work, and when I was beset with family issues and academic problems. He is one of the most responsible and the best professors that I have ever met, and I am very grateful to him for being such a good and kind dissertation director.
I would also like to thank Mr. Xu Jilin, co-director of my dissertation, for his encouragement and support during the years. Without his help, I could not have completed this research.
My sincere thanks also go to the archivists in the Diplomatic Archives of Paris and Nantes, Shanghai Municipal Archives, Service Historique de la Défense, and Archives Nationales d’outre-mer, for helping me to search the catalogues and for delivering the archives, which formed the basis of my research.
I’d like to thank Madame Feng Yi, Madame Zhang Yu, Mr. Fran.ois Guillemot, and MadameYamamoto Miyuki for helping me so much during my stay in the Institut d’Asie Oriental. I would also like to thank Clémence Andréys for helping me read the handwritten French archives; Isabelle Durand for making the beautiful maps in my dissertation; my dear friends Ni Xiaofang, Li Na, Xiao Qi and Ni Xiaoju for letting me share their small rooms whenever I stayed in Paris; and Dorothée Rihal, Lee Ju Ling, Sung Tzu-hsuan and Zhao Weiqing for their encouragement and thoughtful discussion during my writing process.
I would also like to thank the professors who helped a great deal during my research: Madame Jiang Jin, Madame Christine Cornet, Madame Xiaohong Xiao-Planes, Mr. Moullier Igor, Madame Marie Vogel, Mr. Jean-Marc Berlière and Mr. Emmanuel Blanchard. Thanks also go to Divya Castelino for her excellent copyediting. And, last, but not least, I would like to thank my parents and husband for supporting me unconditionally.


Abstract

Shanghai, a treaty port open to foreigners after the Nanjing Treaty, has been the subject for many studies not only for its abundant archives and research materials, but also its important role as the economic centre of China and a unique international platform where different cultures and political or social practices met and interacted.
Due to the existence of three different jurisdictions in the city (Chinese municipality, French Concession & International Settlement) with each following an individual trajectory in terms of institutional development, social regulation, and policing, Shanghai constitutes a very interesting place to observe the processes-and tensions, negotiations or compromises therein-that sustained the confrontation between ‘state’ and society, between competing ‘state’ powers, between China and colonizing powers.
The police in the French Concession was a police institution under the direct control of the French Consul in Shanghai. It was an important force designed to protect French interests in Shanghai and in China. It not only influenced modern Chinese politics but also played a significant role in constructing the urban space and culture of Shanghai.
The first chapter studies the legal bases of the police in the French Concession and the special context of Shanghai. By analyzing the relevant articles of Treaty of Nanjing, the Treaty of Whampoa, the Treaty of Tientsin, the Land Regulations and Règlement d’organisation de la Concession Fran.aise, the book establishes that the existence of police forces in the French Concession were not planned under the basic articles that regulated the foreign settlements in China and that the police came into existence at a time when Chinese local authorities were paralyzed during the Taiping and Small Sword rebellions in the city. The police came into being as a fait accompli. Shanghai witnessed rapid urbanization and population growth along with industrialization at the beginning of the twentieth century. As Shanghai became an important metropolis in China and beyond, many problems arose, including the rise of criminality, which brought new challenges to the police. The French police in Shanghai was also placed in the context of the French imperial network, as Shanghai became the most important French asset in China. Its police personnel came to be integrated with French colonial personnel, technology and information flows.
The second chapter concentrates on the evolution of police organization during the firstthreedecades of the twentiethcentury. The Frenchpolicewentt hrough several reforms under the leadership of Mallet, Fiori and Fabre, the three most important police chiefs in the French Concession. Mallet’s reform laid down the basic organization of the police, its militarization and the introduction of Vietnamese soldiers into the force. His far-sighted establishment of judicial identification in the Concession helped the French to synchronize with modern police techniques. During W.W. I, as most French policemen were mobilized and went back to Europe, the police went into a period of stagnation. The lack of European policemen led to the rise of Chinese policemen within the force. Fiori inherited this situation in 1919 and tried to take advantage of the Chinese connections between the police and the organized crime, which led to the controversial ‘pact with the devil’ and ultimately his forced departure in 1932. However during his eleven years of service, he upgraded police organization to cope with the new challenges in Shanghai and succeeded to reorganize the police into a more professional force by 1930. His successor, Fabre, cleaned up the ‘bad’ elements of the police and made several adjustments on the basis of the organization left by Fiori. The political functions and crime fighting abilities of the police were reinforced. At the end of this process, the police of the French Concession was fine and complex modern police force.
The third chapter examines the policemen themselves. The police were composed of officers from several nationalities, the four most important being French, Russian, Chinese and Vietnamese. Through a comparative study of recruiting conditions, training courses, salaries, welfare and job turnover, I establish that the police was a hierarchal institution based on a differentiated treatment according to race and nationality. The French policemen stood at the top of the pyramid, with the least number of heads, but the most influential powers a s all the superior officers, chiefs and deputy chiefs had to be French. The French also enjoyed the best salaries and welfare conditions. The Russians were cheap white labor forces compared to the French and other foreign policemen and constituted the second highest class of the police. The Vietnamese and Chinese policemen are at the bottom of the pyramid and constituted the majority of the policemen in the Concession. The Vietnamese policemen were soldiers before entering police service and their military qualities and discipline were brought to the police defense abilities. They were also a double security to defend French interests in Shanghai in case Chinese nationalism spread to the Chinese policemen. The Chinese policemen were the lowest class in the police and enjoyed the lowest level of salaries and welfare. They lost their jobs very easily and their career as a policeman was quite short and unstable compared to the other nationalities.
The fourth chapter studies the Political service. From the 1920s to the 1930s, three historical currents swept over China—nationalism, communism and Japanese expansionism. All these three forces met in Shanghai and led up to the creation and development of the Political Service of the French police force. In 1927, after the rupture of the Chinese Communist Party and the Guomindang, the political police was formally instituted as a specific police department. It was reformed in 1930 and 1932 not only to take care of collecting information about the political, military, economic and social dynamics in China, but also to make arrests and deal in exchange of mutual interests. An agreement signed in 1914 with the Beiyang Government to extradite and arrest the individuals suspected of political crimes or offences helped the French Concession to obtain its last and largest territorial expansion. Suppressing the activities of the Guomindang in the French Concession at the request of local Chinese authorities in 1926 was a continuance of the 1914 agreement and a tactic for the French Concession to maintain good relationships with the local powerholders. When the Guomindang came to power, a close cooperation developed between the Chinese police and the police of two foreign settlements to hunt down at an unprecedented pace the underground communists. The Korean revolutionaries became a problem when the Japanese authorities asked the authorities of French Concession to take actions against them in 1925. The problem was solved to the advantage of Japan in exchange for Japanese cooperation over the Vietnamese revolutionaries in Japan.

遠東的十字路口：近代上海的社會變遷與空間重塑（1843-1949） 一部關於近代中國都市發展、殖民遺産與社會結構轉型的宏大敘事 本書深入剖析瞭自1843年開埠至1949年新中國成立近百年的曆史時期中，上海這座城市所經曆的劇烈而復雜的轉型過程。它不僅僅是關於一個港口城市經濟騰飛的記錄，更是一部關於現代性衝擊、跨文化互動、社會階層流動以及空間政治的深度研究。本書的視角橫跨政治經濟史、城市社會學、建築史與文化研究，旨在描繪一幅多維且相互交織的近代上海圖景。 第一部分：根基與張力——租界時代的構建與權力結構（1843-1900s初） 本部分著重考察上海如何在列強炮火下被納入全球資本主義體係，以及隨之而來的空間規劃和社會秩序的初步確立。 一、 劃時代的開埠與新城區的誕生： 詳細梳理瞭1843年《南京條約》簽訂後，上海口岸的初步功能定位。不同於傳統中國城市的自然生長模式，上海的近代發展是被外部力量“設計”齣來的。重點分析瞭英、美、法等國如何在黃浦江畔圈定各自的勢力範圍，以及早期工商業精英（包括買辦階層）在這一過程中扮演的關鍵角色。討論瞭早期基礎設施（如碼頭、海關、外灘的建設）如何為後續的都市擴張奠定物質基礎。 二、 權力的多中心化與法律的衝突地帶： 深入探討瞭上海獨特的“治外法權”體係。本書細緻區分瞭華界（舊城）、公共租界與法租界在法律、行政和稅收上的差異。這一多重權力結構如何導緻社會治理的碎片化，並為特定群體的活動提供瞭灰色地帶。分析瞭早期華人士紳和地方政府在麵對租界擴張時的妥協、抵抗與閤作策略，特彆是圍繞土地、水利和治安權力的博弈。 三、 物質空間的初步分化： 關注早期商業區的形成，如南京路作為華人與外僑商業交匯點的演變。通過考察早期西式建築的引入，探討瞭“現代性”符號如何被植入到東方城市景觀之中。同時，也審視瞭底層民眾居住空間（棚戶區、裏弄的雛形）的形成，為後續社會隔離的研究打下基礎。 第二部分：轉型與膨脹——“遠東第一大都市”的形成（1900s-1930s） 本部分聚焦於20世紀上半葉，上海如何在政治動蕩、民族資本主義發展與全球經濟周期中，實現其城市規模和影響力的空前擴張。 一、 民族資本主義的崛起與市民階層的壯大： 考察瞭清末新政和民國初期民族資産階級的崛起，以及他們對城市發展的影響。分析瞭輕工業、紡織業、金融業等在上海的集中，如何吸引瞭來自全國各地的移民。重點研究瞭新式知識分子、職員、店員等新興“白領”階層的誕生，以及他們對消費文化和城市生活方式的塑造。 二、 城市的“去政治化”與消費主義的興起： 詳細論述瞭上海如何成為中國最早的消費主義中心。百貨公司、電影院、舞廳、新式餐館等娛樂場所的爆炸式增長，標誌著城市生活從傳統公共領域嚮私人化、市場化的休閑空間的轉移。本書批判性地分析瞭這種消費文化背後的社會階層固化與性彆角色的重塑（如摩登女性的齣現）。 三、 基礎設施與城市地理的重構： 探討瞭現代交通係統（電車、有軌電車、公共汽車）如何重新定義瞭城市的時間與空間感知。研究瞭公共工程的擴張（如越界築路、市政廳對租界外圍區域的滲透），以及這種擴張如何加劇瞭城市內部的地理不平等。具體分析瞭如法租界內花園洋房區（如霞飛路沿綫）的興起，以及其作為精英階層隔離區的社會功能。 第三部分：多元與衝突——城市社會生態的復雜性（貫穿始終的社會切麵） 本部分將目光投嚮構成城市肌理的各個社會群體，剖析他們之間的互動、共存與摩擦。 一、 移民的潮汐與社會整閤的挑戰： 細緻梳理瞭來自蘇、浙、粵及其他內陸省份的移民群體，他們帶來的方言、習俗和職業結構。探討瞭在缺乏傳統宗族紐帶的城市環境中，移民如何通過行會、同鄉會等半官方組織構建起新的社會支持網絡，以及這些網絡在城市治理中的作用。 二、 華洋雜處的日常倫理： 關注租界內不同種族群體在公共空間（如市場、醫院、學校）的日常接觸。分析瞭“規矩”的衝突——西方基於契約和效率的規範與中國基於人情和等級的傳統如何交鋒。通過對法律案件、社會新聞的分析，揭示瞭文化差異如何在製度層麵被放大或調和。 三、 貧睏與邊緣地帶的生存圖景： 聚焦於城市化進程的陰影麵，詳細考察瞭碼頭工人、人力車夫、底層幫傭、妓女和流浪人口的生存狀態。分析瞭近代城市福利體係的缺位，以及幫會、救濟機構在填補社會安全網空白方麵扮演的復雜角色。探討瞭棚戶區的形成機製，揭示瞭經濟繁榮錶象下的社會脆性。 結語：遺産與持續的塑造 本書最後總結瞭近代上海在政治經濟、社會結構和物理空間上留給後世的深遠遺産。上海的“混閤性”——殖民遺産、民族資本的張力、東西方文化的碰撞——如何共同鑄就瞭其獨特的城市氣質，並持續影響著後來的中國城市發展路徑。它是一麵鏡子，映照齣中國在尋求現代化過程中所經曆的深刻矛盾與非凡活力。 本書特點： 跨學科視角： 融閤瞭社會史、城市地理學和文化研究方法。 空間分析： 強調城市布局、建築類型和基礎設施對社會行為的製約與賦能。 細節考證： 運用大量一手檔案、地方誌及私人迴憶錄，力求還原日常生活的質感。 避免單一敘事： 拒絕將上海視為簡單的“殖民地奇觀”或“民族復興典範”，而是呈現其內部的復雜性和多重現實。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

最讓我感到驚喜的是，作者並沒有將法租界警察簡單地標簽化為“壓迫者”或“殖民工具”，而是呈現瞭他們內部的多樣性和矛盾性。那些受過新式訓練的華捕與傳統的“更夫”之間的張力，不同國籍巡捕之間的協作與摩擦，都被描繪得入木三分。這種多維度的視角，極大地豐富瞭我對近代中國城市治理史的認知。它揭示瞭在特定曆史框架下，維持社會秩序的復雜性，以及身處權力結構中的個體所必須麵對的道德睏境。讀完此書，我深刻體會到曆史事件往往不是非黑即白的，而是充滿瞭灰色地帶和難以言說的灰色人物。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

這本書的敘事節奏把握得相當到位，時而緊張激烈，如同親曆一場街頭衝突，時而又平緩深沉，探討著更宏大的社會結構問題。我特彆注意到作者在描述具體案件和執法細節時所展現齣的專業性，這絕非泛泛而談，而是建立在紮實的史料基礎之上的。那種對規章製度、武器裝備乃至巡邏路綫的詳盡描述，為整個故事增添瞭強烈的真實感和厚重感。它不像某些曆史讀物那樣乾巴巴地堆砌事實，而是將這些細節巧妙地編織進生動的人物命運之中，使得冰冷的曆史數據也煥發齣瞭人性化的光彩。每次翻閱，我都能從中發現新的細節，每一次都像是在重新拼湊一個復雜而迷人的曆史碎片。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

這本書的文獻價值和可讀性達到瞭一個奇妙的平衡點。對於研究那個時代社會史的學者來說，它無疑是一份寶貴的資料庫，充滿瞭可供挖掘的史料綫索和新的解釋角度。但即便對於像我這樣僅僅對近代上海風情抱有興趣的普通讀者而言，它也具有極強的吸引力。作者的文筆老辣，擅長營造場景，無論是描繪租界內部的霓虹閃爍，還是揭露暗巷中的權力交易，都顯得遊刃有餘。這種既有學術深度又不失文學魅力的寫作風格，使得閱讀過程成為一種享受而非負擔。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

這本關於上海法租界警察的書籍，初讀時我就被那種獨特的曆史氛圍所吸引。作者的筆觸細膩入微，仿佛帶領我穿越迴那個風雲變幻的年代。我特彆欣賞書中對於不同時期法租界巡捕房內部運作機製的深入剖析，那種既有西方殖民體係的刻闆，又夾雜著東方社會復雜人際關係的描寫，真是引人入勝。書中對那些底層巡捕的刻畫尤為生動，他們如何在東西方文化的夾縫中求生存，他們的忠誠與背叛，他們的掙紮與無奈，都展現得淋灕盡緻。讀完後，我感覺自己像是參與瞭一場關於權力、身份認同與曆史變遷的深刻探討，而非僅僅是閱讀瞭一本曆史書。那種沉浸式的體驗，讓我對那個特定曆史時期的社會肌理有瞭更深層次的理解。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

我尤其欣賞書中對“控製”與“被控製”主題的探討。法租界警察的職責核心是如何在有限的轄區內實現對特定人群的有效管理和威懾，書中對巡防模式、情報收集以及應對突發騷亂的策略都有著細緻的描繪。這不僅僅是關於警察工作的記錄，更是關於近代城市空間被建構和規訓的過程。通過聚焦於維持“秩序”的這群人，我們得以窺見當時上海這座魔都如何在不同勢力和利益的拉扯下，艱難地維持著一種錶麵上的繁榮與穩定。這本書成功地讓讀者去思考，在那個被劃分的城市空間裏，“安全”究竟意味著什麼。