编辑推荐
在中国现代化的进程中,西方哲学社会科学始终是最重要的思想资源。然而,一个令人遗憾的事实是,自19 世纪末20 世纪初“西学东渐”起,国人对于西学的了解,基本上是凭借零星的翻译和介绍,认真地去读原著的人少之又少。这些中译本,囿于译者的眼光和水平,往往与原著出入颇大。因此,国人谈论西学的情景,很像是瞎子摸象,虽然各执一词,却皆不得要领。
当然,100年间,还是出现了一批学贯中西的学者,但其中肯花工夫于译业的太少。许多年积累下来,我们在这个领域拥有的优质中译本依然十分有限。而且,再好的译本,毕竟与原著隔了一层。倘若我们的学术界始终主要依靠中译本去了解和研究西学,我们的西学水平就永远不能摆脱可怜的境况。
好在现在有了改变这种境况的条件。在当今全球化时代,随着国门进一步开放,中外交流日渐增多,人们普遍重视英语学习,国人中尤其年轻人中具备阅读英文原著能力的人越来越多了。在这种形势下,本丛书应运而生。编辑者的计划是,选择西方哲学、人文学科、社会科学领域的最基本的英文经典原著,分批陆续出版,为有志者提供价廉的版本和阅读的便利。我赞赏这样的善举,并且相信,这也是为学术界做的一件益事。
周国平
2010年2月24日
内容简介
《世界名著典藏系列:物种起源(英文全本)》是影响人类发展进程的划时代著作,震撼世界的十《世界名著典藏系列:物种起源(英文全本)》之一,《世界名著典藏系列:物种起源(英文全本)》还是影响中国近代社会的经典著作,1985年被美国《生活》杂志评为人类有史以来最佳图书。
精彩书评
★倘若我们的学术界始终主要依靠中译本去了解和研究西学,我们的西学水平就永远不能摆脱可怜的境况。本书从选择西方哲学、人文学科、社会学科领域的最基本的英文经典原著,分批陆续出版,我赞赏这样的善举,并且相信,这也是为学术做的一件益事。
——周国平
目录
1 INTRODUCTION
2 VARIATION UNDER DOMOESTICATION
3 VARIATION UNDER NATURE
4 STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE
5 NATURAL SELECTION
6 LAWS OF VARIATION
7 DIFFICULTIES ON THEORY
8 INSTNCT
9 HYBRIDISM
10 ON THE IMPERFECTIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL
11 ON THE GEOOGICAL SUCCESSION OF ORGANIC
12 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
13 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION-CONTINUED
14 MUTUAL AFFINITIES OF ORGANIC BEINGS
15 RECAPITULATION AND CONCUSION
精彩书摘
That climate acts in main part indirectly by favouring other species, we may clearly see in the prodigious number of plants in our gardens which can perfectly well endure our climate, but which never become naturalised, for they cannot compete with our native plants, nor resist destruction by our native animals.
When a species, owing to highly favourable circumstances, increases inordinately in numbers in a small tract, epidemics-at least, this seems generally to occur with our game animals-often ensue: and here we have a limiting check independent of the struggle for life. But even some of these so-called epidemics appear to be due to parasitic worms, which have from some cause, possibly in
part through facility of diffusion amongst the crowded animals, been disproportionably favoured: and here comes in a sort of struggle between the parasite and its prey.
On the other hand, in many cases, a large stock of individuals of the same species, relatively to the numbers of its enemies, is absolutely necessary for its preservation. Thus we can easily raise plenty of corn and rape-seed, etc., in our fields, because the seeds are in great excess compared with the number of birds which feed on them; nor can the birds, though having a superabundance of food at this one season, increase in number proportionally to the supply of seed, as their numbers are checked during winter: but any one who has tried, knows how troublesome it is to get seed from a few wheat or other such plants in a garden; I have in this case lost every single seed. This view of the
necessity of a large stock of the same species for its preservation, explains, I believe, some singular facts in nature, such as that of very rare plants being sometimes extremely abundant in the few spots where they do occur; and that of some social plants being social, that is, abounding in individuals, even on the extreme confines of their range. For in such cases, we may believe, that a plant could exist only where the conditions of its life were so favourable that many could exist together, and thus save each other from utter destruction. I should add that the good effects of frequent intercrossing, and the ill effects of close interbreeding, probably come into play in some of these cases; but on this intricate subject I will not here enlarge.
Many cases are on record showing how complex and unexpected are the checks and relations between organic beings, which have to struggle together in the same country. I will give only a single instance, which, though a simple one, has interested me. In Staffordshire, on the estate of a relation where I had ample means of investigation, there was a large and extremely barren heath, which had never been touched by the hand of man; but several hundred acres of exactly the same nature had been enclosed twenty-five years previously and planted with Scotch fir. The change in the native vegetation of the planted part of the heath was most remarkable, more than is generally seen in passing from one quite different soil to another: not only the proportional numbers of the heath-plants were wholly changed, but twelve species of plants (not counting grasses and carices) fiourished in the plantations, which could not be found on the heath. The effect on the insects must have been still greater, for six insectivorous birds were very common in the plantations, which were not to be seen on the heath; and the heath was frequented by two or three distinct insectivorous birds. Here we see how potent has been the effect of the introduction of a single tree, nothing whatever else having been done, with the exception that the land had been enclosed, so that cattle could not enter. But how important an element enclosure is, I plainly saw near Farnham, in Surrey.
Here there are extensive heaths, with a few clumps of old Scotch firs on the distant hill-tops: within the last ten years large spaces have been enclosed, and self-sown firs are now springing up in multitudes, so close together that all cannot live.
When I ascertained that these young trees had not been sown or planted, I was so much surprised at their numbers that I went to several points of view, whence I could examine hundreds of acres of the unenclosed heath, and literally I could not see a single Scotch fir, except the old planted clumps. But on looking closely between the stems of the heath, I found a multitude of seedlings and little trees, which had been perpetually browsed down by the cattle. In one square yard, at a point some hundred yards distant from one of the old clumps, I counted thirty-two little trees; and one of them, judging from the rings of growth, had during twenty-six years tried to raise its head above the stems of the heath, and had failed. No wonder that, as soon as the land was enclosed, it became thickly clothed with vigorously growing young firs. Yet the heath was so extremely barren and so extensive that no one would ever have imagined that cattle would have so closely and effectually searched it for food.
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前言/序言
好的,以下是为您构思的《世界名著典藏系列》中其他经典作品的详细图书简介,旨在提供丰富的内容和引人入胜的阅读体验,完全不涉及《物种起源》。 世界名著典藏系列:文学巨匠的永恒回响 本系列精选自人类文明史上最璀璨的文学星辰,汇集了跨越时代、地域与文化的思想结晶与艺术瑰宝。它们不仅是文字的排列组合,更是人类灵魂深处的呐喊、对命运的拷问、对真理的追寻,以及对爱与美的不朽礼赞。每一部作品都如同一个独立的世界,等待着富有探究精神的读者去深入探索和解读。 --- 一、 傲慢与偏见 (Pride and Prejudice) – 简·奥斯汀 著 品味十八世纪英国乡村的细腻风情,洞察人类情感的永恒困境。 本书记载了贝内特一家五姐妹在封闭的英国乡绅社会中,如何面对婚姻、财富与阶级的复杂考验。故事的核心围绕着个性独立、机智聪颖的二小姐伊丽莎白·贝内特,与高傲、富有且魅力非凡的达西先生之间的情感纠葛展开。 奥斯汀以其标志性的讽刺笔触和对白语调,无情地揭示了当时社会对女性地位的束缚,以及金钱在择偶标准中扮演的关键角色。伊丽莎白的“偏见”使她对达西先生的误解根深蒂固,而达西的“傲慢”则令他轻视了贝内特家族的社会地位。 读者将跟随两位主角的误会与和解,见证一场由误解到理解、由抗拒到深爱的过程。书中对于家庭琐事、社交礼仪的描绘精妙绝伦,每个人物都栩栩如生,充满了鲜活的生命力。这不仅仅是一部爱情小说,更是一部关于自我认知、克服固有观念的深刻社会观察录。它探讨的关于身份、门第与真挚情感的冲突,在今天依然具有强烈的现实意义。 --- 二、 悲惨世界 (Les Misérables) – 维克多·雨果 著 一部史诗般的法兰西千年画卷,探索正义、救赎与人性的极限。 如果说文学是一面镜子,那么《悲惨世界》便是映照了整个十九世纪法国社会底层疾苦的宏大镜面。小说以主人公冉阿让的命运为主线,贯穿了法国从滑铁卢战役后的波旁王朝复辟,直至巴黎公社前夜的动荡岁月。 冉阿让,一个仅仅因为偷了一块面包而被判处十九年苦役的男人,在他出狱后面临着社会的彻底排斥。然而,一次由主教米里哀所展现的无私的仁慈,彻底重塑了他的人生轨迹。他决心洗净灵魂,以善良和牺牲来偿还过去的罪孽,开始了赎罪的一生。 与此同时,故事也穿插了如警长安德烈追捕冉阿让的坚定不移、芳汀悲惨的命运、马吕斯与珂赛特的纯真爱情,以及德纳第夫妇的贪婪丑恶。雨果以其磅礴的气势和细腻的情感描绘,将读者带入社会底层,感受贫困、剥削、革命的激情与牺牲。作品的核心在于对“法”与“情”、“惩罚”与“宽恕”的哲学辩论,是一部关于人类精神力量如何战胜不公命运的伟大颂歌。 --- 三、 百年孤独 (Cien años de soledad) – 加西亚·马尔克斯 著 马孔多七代人的兴衰史诗,魔幻现实主义的巅峰之作。 走进布恩迪亚家族七代人所创造的虚构小镇——马孔多。这个与世隔绝的城镇,如同一个微缩的宇宙,见证了人类从蛮荒到文明、从繁荣到衰败的全过程。 小说以其标志性的“魔幻现实主义”手法,将神话、历史、梦境与日常琐事无缝交织。在这里,人们会遭遇会飞的吉卜赛人、倾盆而下的四年十一个月零两天的雨季、以及预知未来的羊皮卷轴。家族成员们似乎都身负着同样的宿命——孤独,他们的名字不断重复,行为模式惊人地相似,仿佛被某种无法挣脱的诅咒所束缚。 马尔克斯以冷静、近乎新闻报道般的语调,叙述着爱情的炽热、战争的残酷、科学的荒谬与记忆的消逝。这部作品是对拉丁美洲历史的隐喻,也是对人类生存状态的终极探讨:在时间的洪流面前,个体生命的力量何其渺小,而孤独,又是何其深重而永恒的主题。读者将在层层叠叠的家族谱系和瑰丽的想象中,感受文学叙事艺术的极致魅力。 --- 四、 局外人 (L'Étranger) – 阿尔贝·加缪 著 直面荒谬世界的冷漠凝视,存在主义文学的里程碑。 默尔索,一个在阿尔及尔过着平静生活的法国职员。当他的母亲去世后,他表现出一种惊人的、与社会期待格格不入的冷漠:他没有哭泣,甚至在葬礼后立刻去游泳、看喜剧电影。这种“局外人”的态度,成为他命运的导火索。 不久,一次偶然的沙滩冲突导致他射杀了一位阿拉伯人。审判的过程远比谋杀本身更具震撼力。法庭审判的重点并非他行为的动机,而是他缺乏“人性应有的悲伤和忏悔”。默尔索被定罪,并非因为他杀了人,而是因为他拒绝遵循社会为他预设的情感剧本。 加缪以极其简洁、冷静甚至近乎疏离的语言,构建了一个关于“荒谬”哲学的绝佳文本。默尔索的经历迫使我们反思:社会规范的合理性何在?情感的表达是真诚的,还是仅仅为了取悦他人?小说在最后,以海边日出和对世界的理解,完成了对自我存在意义的最终确认。 --- 五、 战争与和平 (Война и мир) – 列夫·托尔斯泰 著 宏大叙事的史诗巨著,探寻历史的必然与个体生命的意义。 《战争与和平》是世界文学史上最伟大的历史小说之一。它以拿破仑入侵俄国为背景,全景式地描绘了1805年至1812年间俄国社会各个阶层的生活面貌。 小说的主线交织着五大家族的命运:追求真理的贵族皮埃尔·别祖霍夫、勇敢而追求荣誉的安德烈·博尔孔斯基,以及热情、善良却充满挣扎的娜塔莎·罗斯托娃。读者将跟随他们穿梭于奢华的贵族沙龙、残酷的奥斯特里茨战场,以及最终保卫莫斯科的烽火之中。 托尔斯泰不仅刻画了个人在历史洪流中的挣扎、爱情的幻灭与获得,更以深刻的哲学思辨,探讨了“历史是由谁创造的”这一宏大命题。他挑战了传统史学中对“英雄人物”的崇拜,强调普通士兵、民众意志的集体力量才是推动历史前进的真正动力。这部作品在战争的恢宏与家庭的温馨之间切换自如,展现了对人类灵魂深刻的洞察力与同情心。 《世界名著典藏系列》的每一卷,都是通往不同心灵深处和历史片段的钥匙。它们邀请您一同踏上这场智识与情感的盛宴。