內容簡介
Designed for those people who want to gain a practical knowledge of modem techniques,this book contains all the material necessary for a course on the nmnerical solution of differential equations.Written by two of the field's leading athorities,it provides a unified presentation of initial value and boundary value problems in ODEs as well as differential- algebraic equations.The approach is aimed at a thorough understanding of the issues and methods for practical computation while avoiding an extensive theorem-proof type of exposition.It also addresses reasons why existing software succeeds or fails. This book is a practical and mathematically well informed introduction that emphasizes basic methods and theory,issues in the use and development of mathematical software,and examples from scientific engineering applications.Topics requiring an extensive amount of mathematical development,such as symplectic methods for Hamiltonian systems,are introduced,motivated,and included in the exercises,but a complete and rigorous mathematical presentation is referenced rather than included. This book is appropriate for senior undergraduate or beginning graduate students with a computational focus and practicing engineers and scientists who want to learn about computational differential equations.A beginning course in numerical analysis is needed,and a beginning course in ordinary differential equations would be helpful.
內頁插圖
目錄
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Part Ⅰ:Introduction
1 Ordinary Differential Equations
1.1 IVPs
1.2 BVPs
1.3 Differential-Algebraic Equations
1.4 Families of Application Problems
1.5 Dynamical Systems
1.6 Notation
Part Ⅱ:Initial Value Problems
2 On Problem Stability
2.1 Test Equation and General Definitions
2.2 Linear,Constant-Coefficient Systems
2.3 Linear,Variable-Coefficient Systems
2.4 Nonlinear Problems
2.5 Hamiltonian Systems
2.6 Notes and References
2.7 Exercises
3 Basic Methods,Basic Concepts
3.1 A Simple Method:Forward Euler
3.2 Convergence,Accuracy,Consistency,and O-Stability
3.3 Absolute Stability
3.4 Stiffness:Backward Euler
3.4.1 Backward Euler
3.4.2 Solving Nonlinear Equations
3.5 A-Stability,Stiff Decay
3.6 Symmetry:Trapezoidal Method
3.7 Rough Problems
3.8 Software,Notes,and References
3.8.1 Notes
3.8.2 Software
3.9 Exercises
4 One-Step Methods
4.1 The First Runge-Kutta Methods
4.2 General Formulation of Runge-Kutta Methods
4.3 Convergence,O-Stability,and Order for Runge-Kutta Methods
4.4 Regions of Absolute Stability for Explicit Runge-Kutta Methods
4.5 Error Estimation and Control
4.6 Sensitivity to Data Perturbations
4.7 Implicit Runge-Kutta and Collocation Methods
4.7.1 Implicit Runge-Kutta Methods Based on Collocation
4.7.2 Implementation and Diagonally Implicit Methods...
4.7.3 Order Reduction
4.7.4 More on Implementation and Singly Implicit RungeKutta Methods
4.8 Software,Notes,and References
4.8.1 Notes
4.8.2 Software
4.9 Exercises
5 Linear Multistep Methods
5.1 The Most Popular Methods
5.1.1 Adams Methods
5.1.2 BDF
5.1.3 Initial Values for Multistep Methods
5.2 Order,O-Stability,and Convergence
5.2.1 Order
5.2.2 Stability:Difference Equations and the Root Condition
5.2.3 O-Stability and Convergence
5.3 Absolute Stability
5.4 Implementation of hnplicit Linear Multistep Methods
5.4.1 Functional Iteration
5.4.2 Predictor-Corrector Methods
5.4.3 Modified Newton Iteration
5.5 Designing Multistep General-Purpose Software
5.5.1 Variable Step-Size Formulae
5.5.2 Estimating and Controlling the Local Error
5.5.3 Approximating the Solution at Off-Step Points
5.6 Software,Notes,and References
5.6.1 Notes
5.6.2 Software
5.7 Exercises
Part Ⅲ:Boundary Value Problems
6 More Boundary Value Problem Theory and Applications
6.1 Linear BVPs and Green's Function '.
6.2 Stability of BVPs
6.3 BVP Stiffness
6.4 Some Reformulation Tricks
6.5 Notes and References
6.6 Exercises
7 Shooting
7.1 Shooting:A Simple Method and Its Limitations
7.1.1 Difficulties
7.2 Multiple Shooting
7.3 Software,Notes,and References
7.3.1 Notes
7.3.2 Software
7.4 Exercises
8 Finite Difference Methods for Boundary Value Problems
8.1 Midpoint and Trapezoidal Methods
8.1.1 Solving Nonlinear Problems:Quasi-Linearization
8.1.2 Consistency,O-Stability,and Convergence
8.2 Solving the Linear Equations
8.3 Higher-Order Methods
8.3.1 Collocation
8.3.2 Acceleration Techniques
8.4 More on Solving Nonlinear Problems
8.4.1 Damped Newton
8.4.2 Shooting for Initial Guesses
8.4.3 Continuation
8.5 Error Estimation and Mesh Selection
8.6 Very Stiff Problems
8.7 Decoupling
8.8 Software,Notes,and References
8.8.1 Notes
8.8.2 Software
8.9 Exercises
Part Ⅳ:Differential-Algebraic Equations
9 More on Differential-Algebraic Equations
9.1 Index and Mathematical Structure
9.1.1 Special DAE Forms
9.1.2 DAE Stability
9.2 Index Reduction and Stabilization:ODE with Invariant
9.2.1 Reformulation of Higher-Index DAEs
9.2.2 ODEs with Invariants
9.2.3 State Space Formulation
9.3 Modeling with DAEs
9.4 Notes and References
9.5 Exercises
10 Numerical Methods for Differential-Algebraic Equations
10.1 Direct Discretization Methods
10.1.1 A Simple Method:Backward Euler
10.1.2 BDF and General Multistep Methods
10.1.3 Radau Collocation and Implicit Runge-Kutta Methods
10.1.4 Practical Difficulties
10.1.5 Specialized Runge-Kutta Methods for Hessenberg Index-2 DAEs
10.2 Methods for ODEs on Manifolds
10.2.1 Stabilization of the Discrete Dynamical System
10.2.2 Choosing the Stabilization Matrix F
10.3 Software,Notes,and References
10.3.1 Notes
10.3.2 Software
10.4 Exercises
Bibliography
Index
前言/序言
《國外數學名著係列(影印版)41:常微分方程和微分代數方程的計算機方法》圖書簡介 (此簡介旨在介紹該係列的其他分冊或該係列主題下的其他相關內容,不涉及《常微分方程和微分代數方程的計算機方法》的具體內容) 國外數學名著係列(影印版),作為我國引進和推廣世界頂尖數學研究成果的重要窗口,曆經數十載的積纍與發展,已成為國內數學工作者、研究人員和高年級學生不可或缺的參考寶庫。本係列匯集瞭自二十世紀中葉至今,在純粹數學、應用數學、理論物理、計算科學等多個前沿領域具有裏程碑意義的經典著作。其選書標準極為嚴苛,所收錄的每一本書,都曾對所在領域的研究範式産生過深遠影響,是公認的學科奠基之作或劃時代的研究報告。 本係列影印版的齣版,旨在最大程度地保留原著的權威性和學術原貌,為國內讀者提供最直接、最可靠的第一手文獻資料。我們深知,數學的進步往往依賴於對經典思想的深刻理解和批判性繼承,而原著的精確錶述和邏輯推導,是任何翻譯版本難以完全復刻的。 【係列總體特色與價值】 本係列並非單一主題的匯編,而是一部宏大的現代數學全景圖。它涵蓋瞭從代數拓撲的精妙結構到泛函分析的抽象空間,從數理邏輯的嚴密基礎到統計物理的復雜係統等廣泛領域。讀者通過翻閱本係列的不同分冊,可以清晰地看到數學思想是如何從抽象概念發展為解決實際問題的強大工具。 1. 經典性與權威性: 係列中的著作無一不是由國際頂尖學者撰寫,許多是作者本人在該領域奠基性研究的集大成之作,如關於黎曼幾何的解析構造、群論的錶示理論、或概率論中的鞅論基礎等。 2. 廣度與深度並重: 既有麵嚮研究生和青年學者的係統性教材,如對Hopf代數或微分拓撲的深入淺齣介紹,也有麵嚮專業研究人員的、專注於某一尖端問題的專著,例如關於非綫性動力係統的穩定性理論或數論中的L函數研究。 3. 曆史價值: 通過影印版,讀者可以直觀地感受到特定曆史時期數學研究的風格、排版習慣以及當時解決問題的核心思路,這對於理解學科發展脈絡至關重要。 【本係列其他重要主題示例(僅作闡釋,不含微分方程主題內容)】 本係列中不乏在代數幾何領域極具影響力的著作。例如,某分冊可能深入探討瞭Grothendieck的範疇論語言在代數幾何中的應用,詳細闡述瞭概形理論的構造基礎,揭示瞭代數簇的拓撲性質如何通過局部環與凝聚層來精確刻畫。這類書籍通常要求讀者具備紮實的交換代數基礎,並引導讀者進入現代代數幾何的非凡世界,其核心在於建立一套統一的語言來處理幾何與代數之間的深刻聯係。 在概率論與隨機過程方麵,係列中同樣收錄瞭關於馬爾可夫過程、隨機微分方程(與常微分方程理論不同,更側重於噪聲下的演化)以及精算數學基礎的經典論述。例如,探討布朗運動的二次變差、伊藤積分的建立過程,以及如何利用這些工具來研究金融市場中的資産定價模型。這些內容構建瞭現代隨機分析的基石,與純粹的確定性方程求解方法構成瞭鮮明的對比,關注的是不確定性下的係統行為。 此外,拓撲學也是本係列的重要組成部分。從基礎的拓撲空間定義,到同倫群、同調群的計算方法,再到縴維叢理論在微分幾何中的應用,都有詳盡的論述。這些著作通常從最基本的集閤論概念齣發,逐步構建起研究空間“洞”和“連接性”的強大數學工具,其抽象性極高,卻為物理學中的規範場理論和現代幾何學提供瞭不可或缺的框架。 對於泛函分析,本係列收錄的經典教材詳細解析瞭Banach空間、Hilbert空間、算子理論(如緊算子、譜理論)以及測度與積分的抽象構造。這些內容是量子力學、偏微分方程解析解法以及優化理論的數學基礎,它將無限維嚮量空間的研究提到瞭核心地位,挑戰著讀者的直覺。 【麵嚮讀者】 本係列是以下讀者的必備工具書: 高等院校數學、物理、工程及計算機科學專業的研究生及博士生。 緻力於從事基礎數學理論研究的學者和教師。 需要深入理解其研究領域背後嚴格數學基礎的工程師和應用科學傢。 本係列中的每一本著作,都代錶瞭人類智力在探求宇宙奧秘和構建邏輯結構方麵所能達到的高度。它們是思想的熔爐,激勵著新一代數學傢去探索尚未觸及的領域。我們希望通過這次影印齣版,讓這些珍貴的學術遺産得以在中國學界得到最廣泛的傳播和最深入的研究。