内容简介
Designed for those people who want to gain a practical knowledge of modem techniques,this book contains all the material necessary for a course on the nmnerical solution of differential equations.Written by two of the field's leading athorities,it provides a unified presentation of initial value and boundary value problems in ODEs as well as differential- algebraic equations.The approach is aimed at a thorough understanding of the issues and methods for practical computation while avoiding an extensive theorem-proof type of exposition.It also addresses reasons why existing software succeeds or fails. This book is a practical and mathematically well informed introduction that emphasizes basic methods and theory,issues in the use and development of mathematical software,and examples from scientific engineering applications.Topics requiring an extensive amount of mathematical development,such as symplectic methods for Hamiltonian systems,are introduced,motivated,and included in the exercises,but a complete and rigorous mathematical presentation is referenced rather than included. This book is appropriate for senior undergraduate or beginning graduate students with a computational focus and practicing engineers and scientists who want to learn about computational differential equations.A beginning course in numerical analysis is needed,and a beginning course in ordinary differential equations would be helpful.
内页插图
目录
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Part Ⅰ:Introduction
1 Ordinary Differential Equations
1.1 IVPs
1.2 BVPs
1.3 Differential-Algebraic Equations
1.4 Families of Application Problems
1.5 Dynamical Systems
1.6 Notation
Part Ⅱ:Initial Value Problems
2 On Problem Stability
2.1 Test Equation and General Definitions
2.2 Linear,Constant-Coefficient Systems
2.3 Linear,Variable-Coefficient Systems
2.4 Nonlinear Problems
2.5 Hamiltonian Systems
2.6 Notes and References
2.7 Exercises
3 Basic Methods,Basic Concepts
3.1 A Simple Method:Forward Euler
3.2 Convergence,Accuracy,Consistency,and O-Stability
3.3 Absolute Stability
3.4 Stiffness:Backward Euler
3.4.1 Backward Euler
3.4.2 Solving Nonlinear Equations
3.5 A-Stability,Stiff Decay
3.6 Symmetry:Trapezoidal Method
3.7 Rough Problems
3.8 Software,Notes,and References
3.8.1 Notes
3.8.2 Software
3.9 Exercises
4 One-Step Methods
4.1 The First Runge-Kutta Methods
4.2 General Formulation of Runge-Kutta Methods
4.3 Convergence,O-Stability,and Order for Runge-Kutta Methods
4.4 Regions of Absolute Stability for Explicit Runge-Kutta Methods
4.5 Error Estimation and Control
4.6 Sensitivity to Data Perturbations
4.7 Implicit Runge-Kutta and Collocation Methods
4.7.1 Implicit Runge-Kutta Methods Based on Collocation
4.7.2 Implementation and Diagonally Implicit Methods...
4.7.3 Order Reduction
4.7.4 More on Implementation and Singly Implicit RungeKutta Methods
4.8 Software,Notes,and References
4.8.1 Notes
4.8.2 Software
4.9 Exercises
5 Linear Multistep Methods
5.1 The Most Popular Methods
5.1.1 Adams Methods
5.1.2 BDF
5.1.3 Initial Values for Multistep Methods
5.2 Order,O-Stability,and Convergence
5.2.1 Order
5.2.2 Stability:Difference Equations and the Root Condition
5.2.3 O-Stability and Convergence
5.3 Absolute Stability
5.4 Implementation of hnplicit Linear Multistep Methods
5.4.1 Functional Iteration
5.4.2 Predictor-Corrector Methods
5.4.3 Modified Newton Iteration
5.5 Designing Multistep General-Purpose Software
5.5.1 Variable Step-Size Formulae
5.5.2 Estimating and Controlling the Local Error
5.5.3 Approximating the Solution at Off-Step Points
5.6 Software,Notes,and References
5.6.1 Notes
5.6.2 Software
5.7 Exercises
Part Ⅲ:Boundary Value Problems
6 More Boundary Value Problem Theory and Applications
6.1 Linear BVPs and Green's Function '.
6.2 Stability of BVPs
6.3 BVP Stiffness
6.4 Some Reformulation Tricks
6.5 Notes and References
6.6 Exercises
7 Shooting
7.1 Shooting:A Simple Method and Its Limitations
7.1.1 Difficulties
7.2 Multiple Shooting
7.3 Software,Notes,and References
7.3.1 Notes
7.3.2 Software
7.4 Exercises
8 Finite Difference Methods for Boundary Value Problems
8.1 Midpoint and Trapezoidal Methods
8.1.1 Solving Nonlinear Problems:Quasi-Linearization
8.1.2 Consistency,O-Stability,and Convergence
8.2 Solving the Linear Equations
8.3 Higher-Order Methods
8.3.1 Collocation
8.3.2 Acceleration Techniques
8.4 More on Solving Nonlinear Problems
8.4.1 Damped Newton
8.4.2 Shooting for Initial Guesses
8.4.3 Continuation
8.5 Error Estimation and Mesh Selection
8.6 Very Stiff Problems
8.7 Decoupling
8.8 Software,Notes,and References
8.8.1 Notes
8.8.2 Software
8.9 Exercises
Part Ⅳ:Differential-Algebraic Equations
9 More on Differential-Algebraic Equations
9.1 Index and Mathematical Structure
9.1.1 Special DAE Forms
9.1.2 DAE Stability
9.2 Index Reduction and Stabilization:ODE with Invariant
9.2.1 Reformulation of Higher-Index DAEs
9.2.2 ODEs with Invariants
9.2.3 State Space Formulation
9.3 Modeling with DAEs
9.4 Notes and References
9.5 Exercises
10 Numerical Methods for Differential-Algebraic Equations
10.1 Direct Discretization Methods
10.1.1 A Simple Method:Backward Euler
10.1.2 BDF and General Multistep Methods
10.1.3 Radau Collocation and Implicit Runge-Kutta Methods
10.1.4 Practical Difficulties
10.1.5 Specialized Runge-Kutta Methods for Hessenberg Index-2 DAEs
10.2 Methods for ODEs on Manifolds
10.2.1 Stabilization of the Discrete Dynamical System
10.2.2 Choosing the Stabilization Matrix F
10.3 Software,Notes,and References
10.3.1 Notes
10.3.2 Software
10.4 Exercises
Bibliography
Index
前言/序言
《国外数学名著系列(影印版)41:常微分方程和微分代数方程的计算机方法》图书简介 (此简介旨在介绍该系列的其他分册或该系列主题下的其他相关内容,不涉及《常微分方程和微分代数方程的计算机方法》的具体内容) 国外数学名著系列(影印版),作为我国引进和推广世界顶尖数学研究成果的重要窗口,历经数十载的积累与发展,已成为国内数学工作者、研究人员和高年级学生不可或缺的参考宝库。本系列汇集了自二十世纪中叶至今,在纯粹数学、应用数学、理论物理、计算科学等多个前沿领域具有里程碑意义的经典著作。其选书标准极为严苛,所收录的每一本书,都曾对所在领域的研究范式产生过深远影响,是公认的学科奠基之作或划时代的研究报告。 本系列影印版的出版,旨在最大程度地保留原著的权威性和学术原貌,为国内读者提供最直接、最可靠的第一手文献资料。我们深知,数学的进步往往依赖于对经典思想的深刻理解和批判性继承,而原著的精确表述和逻辑推导,是任何翻译版本难以完全复刻的。 【系列总体特色与价值】 本系列并非单一主题的汇编,而是一部宏大的现代数学全景图。它涵盖了从代数拓扑的精妙结构到泛函分析的抽象空间,从数理逻辑的严密基础到统计物理的复杂系统等广泛领域。读者通过翻阅本系列的不同分册,可以清晰地看到数学思想是如何从抽象概念发展为解决实际问题的强大工具。 1. 经典性与权威性: 系列中的著作无一不是由国际顶尖学者撰写,许多是作者本人在该领域奠基性研究的集大成之作,如关于黎曼几何的解析构造、群论的表示理论、或概率论中的鞅论基础等。 2. 广度与深度并重: 既有面向研究生和青年学者的系统性教材,如对Hopf代数或微分拓扑的深入浅出介绍,也有面向专业研究人员的、专注于某一尖端问题的专著,例如关于非线性动力系统的稳定性理论或数论中的L函数研究。 3. 历史价值: 通过影印版,读者可以直观地感受到特定历史时期数学研究的风格、排版习惯以及当时解决问题的核心思路,这对于理解学科发展脉络至关重要。 【本系列其他重要主题示例(仅作阐释,不含微分方程主题内容)】 本系列中不乏在代数几何领域极具影响力的著作。例如,某分册可能深入探讨了Grothendieck的范畴论语言在代数几何中的应用,详细阐述了概形理论的构造基础,揭示了代数簇的拓扑性质如何通过局部环与凝聚层来精确刻画。这类书籍通常要求读者具备扎实的交换代数基础,并引导读者进入现代代数几何的非凡世界,其核心在于建立一套统一的语言来处理几何与代数之间的深刻联系。 在概率论与随机过程方面,系列中同样收录了关于马尔可夫过程、随机微分方程(与常微分方程理论不同,更侧重于噪声下的演化)以及精算数学基础的经典论述。例如,探讨布朗运动的二次变差、伊藤积分的建立过程,以及如何利用这些工具来研究金融市场中的资产定价模型。这些内容构建了现代随机分析的基石,与纯粹的确定性方程求解方法构成了鲜明的对比,关注的是不确定性下的系统行为。 此外,拓扑学也是本系列的重要组成部分。从基础的拓扑空间定义,到同伦群、同调群的计算方法,再到纤维丛理论在微分几何中的应用,都有详尽的论述。这些著作通常从最基本的集合论概念出发,逐步构建起研究空间“洞”和“连接性”的强大数学工具,其抽象性极高,却为物理学中的规范场理论和现代几何学提供了不可或缺的框架。 对于泛函分析,本系列收录的经典教材详细解析了Banach空间、Hilbert空间、算子理论(如紧算子、谱理论)以及测度与积分的抽象构造。这些内容是量子力学、偏微分方程解析解法以及优化理论的数学基础,它将无限维向量空间的研究提到了核心地位,挑战着读者的直觉。 【面向读者】 本系列是以下读者的必备工具书: 高等院校数学、物理、工程及计算机科学专业的研究生及博士生。 致力于从事基础数学理论研究的学者和教师。 需要深入理解其研究领域背后严格数学基础的工程师和应用科学家。 本系列中的每一本著作,都代表了人类智力在探求宇宙奥秘和构建逻辑结构方面所能达到的高度。它们是思想的熔炉,激励着新一代数学家去探索尚未触及的领域。我们希望通过这次影印出版,让这些珍贵的学术遗产得以在中国学界得到最广泛的传播和最深入的研究。