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                                        Professional English in Use Law contains 45 units covering a wide variety of legal vocabulary, Topics include corporate and commercial law, liability, real property law, employment law, information technology, contract law, and intellectual property. The book also introduces general legal vocabulary related to legal systems and legal professions, as well as the functional language lawyers need in their daily working lives.
    Primarily designed as a self-study reference and practice book, Professional English in Use Law can also be used for classroom work and one-to-one lessons and is suitable for upper-intermediate to advanced students(B2-C1 ). Professional English in Use Law has been developed using authentic legal contexts, texts, and documents.
    45 easy-to-use units: vocabulary items are presented and explained in context on left-hand pages with a range of practice exercises on right-hand pages.
    A focus on key legal terms expands learners vocabulary and functional language gives learners the confidence and ability to use English in a legal environment.
    Over to you sections allow learners to apply the vocabulary they have   learned in the unit to their own law studies and working lives.
    Includes a comprehensive, learner-friendly answer key and index.
    Professional Enghsh in Use Law is an ideal companion for learners preparing for the new Cambridge International Legal English Certifi care (ILEC), covering key vocabulary and topics from the exam.                 
内容简介
       《剑桥法律英语》是一本专为在工作和学习中需要使用法律英语语句和词汇且英文水平为中级或高级的读者而写。它可作为自学的辅导,也可作为课堂教学的教材。如果你准备参加“国际法律英语证书”(ILEC)考试,《剑桥法律英语》也是一本理想的备考用书。
    《剑桥法律英语》共有45个单元,包含大量法律领域常用词汇,内容涉及到公司法和商法、责任义务、房产法、雇佣法、信息技术、合同法、知识产权等广泛的法律主题。同时介绍了与法律系统、法律职业相关的一般性术语以及从业律师在日常工作中需要使用的功能性语言。整本书中学习与练习相结合,强化了学生的学习效果,提高了他们使用法律知识的能力和自信心。
    书后还附有练习答案及索引。     
内页插图
          目录
   THANKS AND
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
INTRODUCTION
THE LEGAL SYSTEM
1 Legal systems
A The structure of the law
B The constitution
C Jurisdiction
2 Sources of law:legislation
A Background to making new law
B Early development of a Bill
C Passing an Act
3 Sources of law:common law
A Common law in the UK
B Law reports
4 The court system
A Civil courts
B Criminal courts
5 Criminal justice and criminal proceedings
A Criminal justice
B Categories of criminal offence
C Criminal court proceedings
6 Civil procedure
A Civil Procedure Rules
B Proceeding with a claim
7 Tribunals
A The status and range of tribunals
B Composition of tribunals and procedure
8 European Union law
A What is the EU?
B How does the EU impact on Member States?
LEGAL PROFESSIONALS
9 Solicitors
A Legal practitioners
B Training
C A partner in a law firm
10 Barristers
A Organisation
B Training and qualifications of practising barristers
11 Working lives
A A company commercial lawyer
B A legal secretary
12 Judges
A Judicial appointments in England and Wales
B The training of judges
C Civil courts: sentencing and court orders
13 A law firms structure and practice
A A law firms structure and practice
LEGAL PROFESSIONALS IN PRACTICE
14 Client care procedures
A Explaining client care procedures
15 Money laundering procedures
A Money laundering procedures
16  Client correspondence
A Client correspondence
B Standard phrases for starting and ending letters and emails
17 Explanations and clarification
A Explaining a procedure
B Approximating and comparing
C Rephrasing and clarifying Legalese
A Legal language
B Latin terms
C Older words and modem equivalents LAW IN PRACTICE
19 Business organisations
A Sole trader
B Partnerships
C Limited Companies
20 Formation of a company
A Incorporation
B Memorandum and Articles of Association
21 Raising capital by share sale
A Share capital
B Share value
C Rights attaching to shares
22 Debt financing: secured lending
A Granting security
B The terms of a charge
23 Company directors and company secretaries
A Qualifications and duties of a company director
B Qualifications and duties of a company secretary
24 Insolvency and winding up
A Insolvency
B Insolvency scenarios
25 Alternative dispute resolution
A Alternative dispute resolution
B ADR procedures
26 Corporation Tax
A Corporation Tax liability in the UK
B Word combinations with tax
27 Mergers and acquisitions
A Mergers and acquisitions
B Dealing disclosure requirements
28 Anti-competitive behaviour
A Competition law
B Competition inquiry
C Information gathering, hearings, and remedies
LIABILITY
29 Tort 1" personal injury claim
A Tort
B Client briefing notes - personal injury claims
30 Tort 2: clinical negligence
A Clinical negligence practice
CONTRACT
31 Forming a contract 1
A Basic principles
B Formation of a contract
32 Forming a contract 2
A Form of contract
B Void or voidable or unenforceable contracts
33 Structure of a commercial contract
A Structure of a commercial contract
34 Express and implied terms
A Express terms
B Implied terms
35 Exclusion, limitation and
standard clauses
A Exclusion and limitation clauses
B Standard clauses
36 Privity of contract,discharge, and remedies
A Privity of contract
B Discharge of contract
C Remedies for breach of contract
37 Standard terms in the sale and supply of goods
A Using standard terms
B Incorporating terms
38 Licensing agreements and computer programs
A Licences and software products
B Exclusion and limitation clauses
39 Commercial leases
A Interest in property
B Terms of a commercial lease
C Obtaining leasehold interest
40 Buying and selling commercial property
A Commercial conveyancing
B Sale by auction
C Sale by private treaty
41 Employment law
A Employment law
B Contract of employment
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
42 Copyright and patent
A Copyright
B Patent
43 Trade marks, domain names, and remedies for IP infringement
A Trade marks and domain names
B Remedies for IP infringement
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LAW
44 Information technology law and cybercrime
A Computer security
B Cybercrime
e Data protection
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
45 Environmental law
A International environmental law
B National environmental law
C Application of environmental law
Answer key
Index      
精彩书摘
       Sole trader
    Jamie Anderson, a partner in the commercial department of a law firm, is commenting on the choices for different trading vehicles for business.
    ‘A client wanting to operate a business for profit might select from a number of different trading entities. Each has different legal characteristics and is subject to different rules and regulations. The simplest and commonest form of business structure is a sole trader. This generally suits a relatively small enterprise, such as an independent software developer, a hairdresser, or a small shop. Its headed by a single individual and it differs from a company in that the ownership and management is usually vested in the same person, who is personally responsible for all the debts of the business, and may thus risk becoming bankrupt. Finances are confidential and formalities are few, aside from Value Added Tax, or VAT, regulations. Partnerships
    ‘A common form of structure for certain kinds of business, for example accountants, solicitors, and architects, is a partnership. This needs to have at least two members and normally a maximum of twenty. There is an exemption on size for some types of firm, such as solicitors and accountants. All the partners may be joindy and severally liable for all the debts of the business. The relationship between the partners is usually drafted in the Partnership Agreement. This can set out the duration of the partnership, its name and business, how profits, losses, and running costs are to be shared, how much capital each partner is to contribute, what rules will apply to the capital, what grounds will lead to a partner being expelled from the company, what restrictions are imposed on partners, and so on. Its also possible to have a Limited Liability Partnership, or LLP, which has a legal identity separate from its members. In this sense it resembles a limited company (see text C). Its possible for all the partners except one, known as the general partner, to be a limited partner. A sleeping partner may have a share in the business but doesnt work in it. An individual is therefore able to invest capital in an LLP without risking any further liability. LLPs must be registered with the Registrar of Companies. Limited Companies
    A Private Limited Company (Ltd) is a separate legal entity which can sue, and be sued, in its own right. The Company is identified by its registered number, which will remain the same irrespective of any changes of name. A business can start life as a limited company and this may be particularly appropriate where high-risk projects are involved. In some instances, directors will be asked to guarantee the obligations of a company, for example by giving security over personal assets to guarantee company borrowing. This is particularly common in the case of new companies who are not able to demonstrate a history of profitable trading. A Public Limited Company, or PLC, is differentiated from a Private Limited Company in that the shares can be sold to the general public via the stock market to raise share capital. Its mandatory for a PLC to have at least two shareholders, two directors, and a professionally qualified Company Secretary. The minimum anthorised share capital is 50,000 and 25% must be paid up. Before the company can trade or borrow money, a Trading Certificate has to be obtained from the Registrar of Companies (see Unit 20).      
前言/序言
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					好的,这是一本名为《剑桥法律英语 [Professional English in Use Law]》的图书的简介,内容详实,但不包含该书的实际内容,旨在介绍其他相关的或具有相似主题的法律英语学习资源,或者构建一个背景介绍,以满足您的要求。  ---  《国际商业与贸易法律实践指南》  导言:全球化背景下的法律实务挑战  随着全球经济一体化的深入推进,国际贸易和商业活动日益频繁,随之而来的法律问题也愈发复杂。跨国合同的起草与谈判、国际投资的法律风险管理、以及涉及知识产权和跨境争端的解决,都要求从业者具备扎实的法律知识和高超的专业英语沟通能力。本书旨在为法律专业人士、商科学生以及希望进入国际法律服务领域的专业人士,提供一个全面而深入的视角,探讨在当代国际商业环境中,如何有效运用法律英语来驾驭复杂的法律实务。  第一部分:国际商事合同的构建与审查  本书的第一部分聚焦于国际商业合同的核心要素。在全球化交易中,合同不仅仅是双方意图的记录,更是风险分配和争议解决的基石。我们将详细解析国际合同中常用的法律术语和表述,例如“Representations and Warranties”(陈述与保证)、“Indemnification”(赔偿)、“Force Majeure”(不可抗力)等条款的精确含义及其在不同司法管辖区下的潜在差异。  1.1 关键条款的精细解读 本章深入剖析了合同中的关键驱动条款。我们将探讨如何准确使用英语来界定“Scope of Work”(工作范围)、“Deliverables”(交付成果)以及“Acceptance Criteria”(验收标准)。特别关注在跨境并购(M&A)交易中,对“Material Adverse Change”(重大不利变更)和“Material Breach”(重大违约)等概念的准确表达与界定。  1.2 谈判策略与语言运用 在多轮国际商务谈判中,语言的精确性与策略性至关重要。本书将模拟真实的谈判场景,教授如何使用礼貌而坚定的语气来提出条件、回应异议,并达成互利的协议。重点介绍如何构建“Sufficient Certainty”(充分确定性)的合同语言,以避免未来产生歧义。  第二部分:国际投资与监管合规  随着资本的跨国流动,理解不同国家和地区的投资法律框架变得尤为重要。本书的第二部分将涵盖国际直接投资(FDI)的法律结构、外汇管制以及反腐败合规等前沿议题。  2.1 投资协定与主权风险 分析双边投资协定(BITs)中的核心保护条款,如“Fair and Equitable Treatment”(公平公正待遇)和“Expropriation”(征收)。通过案例分析,展示如何用法律英语阐述和论证在国际投资争端中可能面临的主权风险。  2.2 全球反腐败法规与合规实践 本章重点解析美国《反海外腐败法》(FCPA)和英国《反贿赂法》(UK Bribery Act)等主要法规的法律要求。内容包括如何设计和实施有效的“Compliance Programs”(合规计划),以及在起草合规条款时应注意的语言陷阱,确保公司在不同文化背景下的运营都能符合国际最高标准。  第三部分:知识产权与技术转让的法律前沿  在数字经济时代,知识产权的保护与技术转让成为商业竞争的核心。本书第三部分提供了与此相关的法律英语实务指南。  3.1 专利、商标与版权的国际保护 详细阐述在涉及跨国许可协议(Licensing Agreements)时,如何使用精确的法律术语来界定“Infringement”(侵权)、“Exhaustion of Rights”(权利穷竭)以及“Territorial Restrictions”(地域限制)。本部分尤其关注如何清晰界定“Field of Use”(使用领域)的范围。  3.2 技术秘密与保密义务 探讨“Trade Secrets”(商业秘密)的法律界定及其在不同法域下的保护力度差异。重点分析“Non-Disclosure Agreements”(保密协议)中的关键要素,包括“Confidential Information”(机密信息)的定义范围,以及“Remedies for Breach”(违约救济措施)的法律效力。  第四部分:国际争议解决与仲裁程序  当商业冲突不可避免时,有效的争议解决机制和熟练的仲裁程序沟通能力是解决问题的关键。  4.1 仲裁条款的有效起草 深入研究国际商会(ICC)、香港国际仲裁中心(HKIAC)等主流仲裁机构的仲裁规则。本章指导读者如何起草具有约束力和可执行性的“Arbitration Clauses”(仲裁条款),明确“Seat of Arbitration”(仲裁地)和“Governing Law”(准据法)的选择。  4.2 仲裁庭的程序性沟通 本部分模拟了仲裁过程中的关键环节,包括“Statement of Claim”(申诉状)、“Statement of Defense”(抗辩状)的撰写,以及在庭审过程中如何对证人进行“Cross-Examination”(交叉询问)。强调在正式法律文件中保持清晰、客观和具有说服力的法律英语表达风格。  结语:面向未来的法律实践者  本书的最终目标是帮助读者超越基础的法律英语词汇学习,达到能够自如运用法律语言进行复杂法律分析、有效风险管理和高质量沟通的职业水平。通过对实际案例和行业惯例的深度剖析,读者将能够自信地在全球商业舞台上扮演关键的法律角色。  目标读者群: 国际律师、企业法务主管、涉外贸易管理人员、法律与国际关系专业高年级学生。  ---