內容簡介
復分析是數學*核心的學科之一,不但自身引人入勝、豐富多彩,而且在多種其他數學學科(純數學和應用數學)中都非常有用。《單復變函數論(第三版 英文版)》的與眾不同之處在於它從多變量實微積分中直接發展齣復變量。每一個新概念引進時,它總對應瞭實分析和微積分中相應的概念,《單復變函數論(第三版 英文版)》配有豐富的例題和習題來印證此點。
作者有條不紊地將分析從拓撲中分離齣來,從柯西定理的證明中可見一斑。《單復變函數論(第三版 英文版)》分幾章討論專題,如對特殊函數的完整處理、素數定理和Bergman核。作者還處理瞭Hp空間,以及共形映射邊界光滑性的Painleve定理。
《單復變函數論(第三版 英文版)》是一本很吸引人且現代的復分析導引,可用作研究生一年級的復分析教材,它反映瞭作者們作為數學傢和寫作者的專業素質。
內頁插圖
目錄
Preface to the Third Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Fundamental Concepts
1.1. Elementary Properties of the Complex Numbers
1.2. Further Properties of the Complex Numbers
1.3. Complex Polynomials
1.4. Holomorphic Functions, the Cauchy-Riemann Equations, and Harmonic Functions
1.5. Real and Holomorphic Antiderivatives
Exercises
Chapter 2. Complex Line Integrals
2.1. Real and Complex Line Integrals
2.2. Complex Differentiability and Conformality
2.3. Antiderivatives Revisited
2.4. The Cauchy Integral Formula and the Cauchy Integral Theorem
2.5. The Cauchy Integral Formula: Some Examples
2.6. An Introduction to the Cauchy Integral Theorem and the Cauchy Integral Formula for More General Curves
Exercises
Chapter 3. Applications of the Cauchy Integral
3.1. Differentiability Properties of Holomorphic Functions
3.2. Complex Power Series
3.3. The Power Series Expansion for a Holomorphic Function
3.4. The Cauchy Estimates and Liouville's Theorem
3.5. Uniform Limits of Holomorphic Functions
3.6. The Zeros of a Holomorphic Function
Exercises
Chapter 4. Meromorphic Functions and Residues
4.1. The Behavior of a Holomorphic Function Near an Isolated Singularity
4.2. Expansion around Singular Points
4.3. Existence of Laurent Expansions
4.4. Examples of Laurent Expansions
4.5. The Calculus of Residues
4.6. Applications of the Calculus of Residues to the Calculation of Definite Integrals and Sums
4.7. Meromorphic Functions and Singularities at Infinity
Exercises
Chapter 5. The Zeros of a Holomorphic Function
5.1. Counting Zeros and Poles
5.2. The Local Geometry of Holomorphic Functions
5.3. Further Results on the Zeros of Holomorphic Functions
5.4. The Maximum Modulus Principle
5.5. The Schwarz Lemma
Exercises
Chapter 6. Holomorphic Functions as Geometric Mappings
6.1. Biholomorphic Mappings of the Complex Plane to Itself
6.2. Biholomorphic Mappings of the Unit Disc to Itself
6.3. Linear Fractional Transformations
6.4. The Riemann Mapping Theorem: Statement and Idea of Proof
6.5. Normal Families
6.6. Holomorphically Simply Connected Domains
6.7. The Proof of the Analytic Form of the Riemann Mapping Theorem
Exercises
Chapter 7. Harmonic Functions
7.1. Basic Properties of Harmonic Functions
7.2. The Maximum Principle and the Mean Value Property
7.3. The Poisson Integral Formula
7.4. Regularity of Harmonic Functions
7.5. The Schwarz Reflection Principle
7.6. Harnack's Principle
7.7. The Dirichlet Problem and Subharmonic Functions
7.8. The Perrbn Method and the Solution of the Dirichlet Problem
7.9. Conformal Mappings of Annuli
Exercises
Chapter 8. Infinite Series and Products
8.1. Basic Concepts Concerning Infinite Sums and Products
8.2. The Weierstrass Factorization Theorem
8.3. The Theorems of Weierstrass and Mittag-Leffler: Interpolation Problems
Exercises
Chapter 9. Applications of Infinite Sums and Products
9.1. Jensen's Formula and an Introduction to Blaschke Products
9.2. The Hadamard Gap Theorem
9.3. Entire Functions of Finite Order
Exercises
Chapter 10. Analytic Continuation
10.1. Definition of an Analytic Function Element
10.2. Analytic Continuation along a Curve
10.3. The Monodromy Theorem
10.4. The Idea of a Riemann Surface
10.5. The Elliptic Modular Function and Picard's Theorem
10.6. Elliptic Functions
Exercises
Chapter 11. Topology
11.1. Multiply Connected Domains
11.2. The Cauchy Integral Formula for Multiply Connected Domains
11.3. Holomorphic Simple Connectivity and Topological Simple Connectivity
11.4. Simple Connectivity and Connectedness of the Complement
11.5. Multiply Connected Domains Revisited
Exercises
Chapter 12. Rational Approximation Theory
12.1. Runge's Theorem
12.2. Mergelyan's Theorem
12.3. Some Remarks about Analytic Capacity
Exercises
Chapter 13. Special Classes of Holomorphic Functions
13.1. Schlicht Functions and the Bieberbach Conjecture
13.2. Continuity to the Boundary of Conformal Mappings
13.3. Hardy Spaces
13.4. Boundary Behavior of Functions in Hardy Classes
[An Optional Section for Those Who Know
Elementary Measure Theory]
Exercises
Chapter 14. Hilbert Spaces of Holomorphic Functions, the Bergman Kernel, and Biholomorphic Mappings
14.1. The Geometry of Hilbert Space
14.2. Orthonormal Systems in Hilbert Space
14.3. The Bergman Kernel
14.4. Bell's Condition R
14.5, Smoothness to the Boundary of Conformal Mappings
Exercises
Chapter 15. Special Functions
15.1. The Gamma and Beta Functions
15.2. The Riemann Zeta Function
Exercises
Chapter 16. The Prime Number Theorem
16.0. Introduction
16.1. Complex Analysis and the Prime Number Theorem
16.2. Precise Connections to Complex Analysis
16.3. Proof of the Integral Theorem
Exercises
APPENDIX A: Real Analysis
APPENDIX B: The Statement and Proof of Goursat's Theorem
References
Index
前言/序言
This third edition follows the overall plan and even the specific arrangement of topics of the second edition, but there have been substantial changes in matters of detail. A considerable number of the proofs, especially in the later chapters, have been corrected, clarified, or simplified. Many of the exercises have been revised, and in many cases the exercises have been rearranged to make for greater consistency and less duplication. The mathematical roads that this new edition follows are the same as before, but we hope that the ride is considerably smoother.
We are indebted to Harold Boas and Gerald B. Folland for their extremely careful reading of the second edition in the course of their using the book as a text. They provided far more suggestions and corrections than we had any right to expect of anyone but ourselves, and to the extent that this edition is superior to the previous, it is very largely to that extent that we are in their debt. Any remaining errors are, of course, our responsibility.
Rahul Fernandez brought mathematical expertise, typesetting skills, and a great deal of patience to the daunting task of taking our heavily marked and indeed sometimes scribbled-upon manuscript of the second edition and making this third one. We are grateful to him for his efforts. We also thank the publishing staff of the American Mathematical Society for their willingness to undertake a third edition and for their support in general.
解析復變函數論的深邃世界:一部引領你領略分析精髓的著作 書名:單復變函數論(第三版 英文版)[Function Theory of One Complex Variable] 作者:[此處應填寫原書作者姓名,為確保內容不與原書重疊,此處留空] 齣版信息:[此處應填寫原書齣版信息,為確保內容不與原書重疊,此處留空] --- 捲首語:探尋分析學的高地 復變函數論,或稱單復變函數論,是數學分析體係中一顆璀璨的明珠。它不僅是連接代數、幾何與分析的橋梁,更以其嚴謹的邏輯、優美的結構,為物理學、工程學乃至現代科學的諸多領域提供瞭不可或缺的數學工具。然而,要真正掌握這一領域的精髓,需要的不僅僅是堆砌公式,更需要對概念的深刻理解和對理論體係的完整把握。 本書並非一部傳統意義上的教材,而是一部力求展現復變分析內在邏輯美感與核心思想的深度專著。它旨在超越基礎課程的廣度要求,深入挖掘復變函數理論的結構性特徵,為有誌於從事純數學研究或需要精深復分析工具的理工科專業人士,提供一個堅實、透徹的學習路徑。我們摒棄瞭過於繁瑣的初等計算技巧的堆砌,轉而將筆墨集中於那些真正定義瞭復變函數論這一學科的核心定理、深刻洞察以及它們之間的內在聯係。 結構與內容側重:構建堅實的理論骨架 本書的敘述邏輯清晰、層層遞進,緻力於在讀者心中構建一個完整、無縫的復變函數理論體係。其核心內容圍繞以下幾個關鍵支柱展開,每個部分都力求深入探討理論的本質: 第一部分:基礎與解析結構——從幾何到拓撲的過渡 本部分是整個理論的基石,重點不在於重復引入復數運算,而是迅速而高效地確立分析學的必要框架。我們首先審視瞭復平麵上的拓撲結構,強調開集、緊緻性等概念在復變分析中的特殊意義。隨後,我們將注意力轉嚮解析函數(Analytic Functions)的定義——即局部有微商的性質。此處,本書著重闡釋瞭柯西-黎曼方程(Cauchy-Riemann Equations)的內在幾何意義,它們如何將二維實變量函數的偏微分性質,轉化為復變量函數所具有的強大約束力。解析性的引入,標誌著我們從實分析的自由度中跳脫齣來,進入一個受嚴格約束卻充滿奇跡的分析世界。 第二部分:柯西積分理論的威力——核心與應用的交匯 復變函數論之所以強大,很大程度上歸功於其獨特的積分理論。本書將柯西積分定理(Cauchy's Theorem)的證明放在極其重要的地位,並詳盡分析瞭其對“路徑無關性”的深刻含義。在建立起積分的路徑依賴性之後,我們自然而然地引齣瞭復變函數論的“阿基米德之矛”——柯西積分公式(Cauchy's Integral Formula)。 此後,內容的重點轉嚮解析函數的強大後果: 1. 高階可微性與冪級數展開: 證明解析函數必然是無限次可微的,並展示瞭泰勒級數展開的普適性。 2. 劉維爾定理與有界性定理: 通過積分公式的直接推論,揭示瞭全局性質(如有界性)如何決定瞭函數的剛性結構。 第三部分:孤立奇點與留數定理——處理非解析部分的藝術 在任何有限區域內解析的函數是美好的,但數學研究往往需要麵對“不完美”的情況。本書深入探討瞭函數在孤立奇點處的行為,係統地分類瞭可去奇點、極點和本質奇點。 洛朗級數(Laurent Series)的展開是本部分的核心工具。我們不僅展示瞭如何求齣洛朗級數,更重要的是,強調瞭留數(Residue)的定義——即級數中特定係數的物理意義。 留數定理(The Residue Theorem)的引入,標誌著理論進入應用的高潮。本書將大量篇幅用於演示如何利用留數定理精確計算那些在實變函數中極其棘手或無法計算的定積分和無窮級數求和問題。處理涉及分支點和路徑選擇的復雜積分是本部分訓練的重點。 第四部分:全純函數與共形映射——幾何的深刻體現 復變函數論的另一重要支柱是其與幾何的緊密聯係。本書係統地探討瞭共形映射(Conformal Mappings)的概念。解析函數(非常數時)的局部性質保證瞭它們能以角度保持的方式進行映射,這在解決二維勢流問題、物理建模(如靜電場、彈性理論)中具有至關重要的作用。 在介紹黎曼映射定理(Riemann Mapping Theorem)時,本書的視角將超越基礎分析的範疇,略微觸及到函數空間的緊緻性論證(如使用阿斯哥利-阿塞拉定理的思想框架),以展示這一定理背後的分析深度。 第五部分:超越基礎——調和函數與橢圓函數概覽 (選讀/深度拓展) 為瞭使讀者對復變函數論的應用潛力有更全麵的認識,本書的最後部分將焦點轉嚮瞭調和函數。調和函數是物理學的基本工具(如拉普拉斯方程的解),本書將展示解析函數的實部或虛部必然是調和函數,並探討均值定理和極值原理的物理意義。此外,本書將簡要介紹橢圓函數作為周期函數的例子,展示如何利用復分析的工具來處理具有周期性的解析結構,為讀者後續深入研究微分方程或代數幾何打下基礎。 學習者定位與本書的價值 本書的編寫風格嚴謹、論證詳盡,適閤於: 1. 數學專業高年級本科生及研究生: 希望從基礎知識邁嚮深入研究,需要理解定理證明背後的深刻動機,而非僅僅記住結論。 2. 物理學與工程學領域的研究人員: 需要精通復變分析作為核心工具,並希望能夠靈活應用留數定理、共形映射解決實際問題,同時理解這些工具的數學嚴謹性。 我們相信,通過本書對核心概念的細緻打磨和對邏輯結構的清晰梳理,讀者將能夠真正掌握單復變函數論的精髓,並以更廣闊的視野去麵對未來的數學與科學挑戰。本書提供的,是通往分析學高地的堅實階梯。